高一英语定语从句讲解.docx

1、高一英语定语从句讲解高一定语从句讲解嘉定二中高一英语组第一讲1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语一： 先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的词 二： 关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。先行词是物： which that 先行词是人： who whom that 在从句中充当的成分： 主语、宾语 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 e.g. 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句1. They had a radio. It could send out messages. They had a radio which/

2、that could send out message. (主语)2. The girl is my best friend. She spoke just now. _3. He always buys some books. He never read them. _注意点：1.） 定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：e.g. 4. The man who lives next door sells vegetables. The man sells vegetables who lives next door. ( ) 5. The car which my uncle just boug

3、ht was destroyed in the earthquake. The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( )2）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：e.g. 6. The young man ( whom ) you saw was our manager. 7. There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind. 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. The man who told me the news refused

4、 to give me the name.2. The airline has a booklet which will tell you most of the important things about a trip to Europe.3. He found a dollar bill that he had forgotten in a suit .4. He is the man whom we all respect.5. There is somebody who wants to see you.6. The house I would like to buy is not

5、for sale.7. The bicycle my uncle gave me was very expensive. 第二讲whose 的用法：关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。e.g. 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize.The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter. 2. The book is not mine. The cover of it is red. The book who

6、se cover is red is not mine ( The book the cover of which is red is not mine)3. Do you know anyone? His family is in Xian. _ 4. I live in the room. The windows of it face south. _ 5. The chair has been repaired. The leg of it was broken. _限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 e.g

7、. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。 e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）that与which的区别1）用that而不用 which的情况 先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing,little,few,much

8、 something someone；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有the only, the very, any,the same , the last等词修饰； 先行词既有人又有物时。5.避免重复 Who is the person that is standing there?e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第

9、一个地方是象鼻山。 _ 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 _ 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用which而不用 that的情况： 引导非限制性定语从句；指代前面整个主句的意思；介词 + 关系代词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. This is the room in which my father lived last year. 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. What is the address of the factory whose adve

10、rtisement we noticed the other day.2. I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.3. It was a meeting whose importance I didnt realize at the time.4. The Great Wall was the first place that went to visit while they were in China.5. Miss Smith, who you met at our house, is going to marry Mr

11、. Harry.6. He failed in the exam, which made his classmates surprised. 第三讲关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或whome.g. 1. The man is a famous runner. You talked to him just now.The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.2. The chair is made of wood. He is sitting on it now. The cha

12、ir on which he is sitting now is made of wood.3. He is a library assistant. I borrowed some books from him._4. It is a famous school. He graduated from it 3 years ago. _介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with是习惯性搭配)介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），He built a tele

13、scope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开， (look after take care of look for)e.g. 5. He is the student. / The teachers are looking for him. He is the student who the teachers are looking for. 6. The number of the children is 30. / She t

14、akes care of the children. The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. This is the house about which we wrote to you.2. Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.3. He used to live in a big house in front of which grew many banana trees.4.

15、 This is Peter in whose house I have lived for five years.第四讲关系副词： when where why当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词which来代替:e.g. 1. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day.I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university.2. He still remember the morning.

16、/ The earthquake happened on that morning._当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词which来代替:e.g. 3. This is the house. / He used to live in the house.This is the house where/ in which he used to live.4. I know of a place in which/where we can swim _先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，用why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用for

17、which来代替:e.g. 5. I dont know the reason. / He did it for this reason.I dont know the reason why/ for which he did it.6. The reason for which/why he was fired was not clear.I will never forget the day _which/that/不填_ we spent together in the countrysideI will never forget the days_during which/when_

18、we stayed together in the countrysideThis is the reason _that/which/不填_ they told meThis is the reason _for which/why_ he turned the jobf找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. I know a forest where you can find wild strawberries.2. Is there any reason why you should have a holiday.3. I will show you the way t

19、o the Friendship Hotel where foreign visitors are staying.4. Be sure to call on us next time when you come to town.5. We shall never forget the days when we were united as one to fight against the Japanese.第五讲注意点：要注意判断关系词及关系词在从句中所充当的成分。e.g. 1. This is the house He visited it yesterday.This is the ho

20、use. He once lived in it.This is the house which/that / / he visited yesterday.This is the house where/in which he once lived.2. We will remember the day. We spent the day together. _We will remember the day. We worked on this day together. _找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. I will show you to the factor

21、y which produces this kind of TV sets.2. I will show you to the factory where he has worked for five years.3. I will show you to the factory whose workers are all disabled people.4. I will show you to the factory which your factory once visited five years ago. 第六讲定语从句时特别注意的几个问题as引导定语从句时的用法1. as引导限制性

22、定语从句通常用于the same as, such as结构中。e.g. Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。_ 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。2. as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。常用下列句型: as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he

23、got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.He is the only one of the students who has got ve

24、ry good marks.（one为先行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（students为先行词）定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic

25、of China was founded.几个特殊的定语从句句型：1. Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ? 2. situation后常用where,in which引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?3. way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或省略来引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the

26、 way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?4. He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. He is a teacher, as is clear form his manner.2. As is known to all, water resources are very limit

27、ed on the earth.3. He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.4. They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented5. I dont like the way he speaks.6. He is one of the students who know the Japanese.7. He is the only one of the students who knows the Japanese.定语从句配套练习 第一讲

28、 一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . They dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in t

29、he park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分The thief who had robbed the man was caught by the policeman.I have to make up for the test that I misse