中考专项讲解定 语 从 句.docx

1、中考专项讲解定 语 从 句中考专项讲解-定语从句知识点一:定义及相关术语1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.引导词：引导定语从句的词叫引导词。引导词分 关系代词和关系副词关系代词有: that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词有: when, where, whyI bought a book which was written by Lu Xun. 先行词 引导词 定语从句4. 引导词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。通常引导词有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句

2、B.代替先行词 C.在定语从句中担当一个成分知识点二: 关系代词which、that的用法1. 先行词指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语时，在一般情况下可用which或that, 即两者可以互换。作主语时which或that不可省略，作宾语时which或that可以省略。 I bought a book which / that was written by Lu Xun. The car (which / that) my uncle bought last week is very beautiful. 2. 先行词指物, 在下列情况下只能用that 而不能用which：1) 当先行词被形容词

3、最高级修饰时。This is the best film that I have seen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。 This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 这是我见过的最美的山。2) 当先行词被序数词所修饰时。 This is the first book that he borrowed from the library. 这是他从图书馆借到的第一本书。3) 先行词被the only , the very ( 正是,恰是) , the last , the same等修饰时。 This is the only book

4、 that I like. 这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。 This is the very book that I am looking for. 这正是我在找的书。 The last place that we visited was the Great Wall. 我们参观的最后的地方是长城。 This is the same watch that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的那块表。4) 先行词为all, everything , anything , nothing , little , much，many , few 等不定代词时。 All that can be

5、 done must be done. 凡是能做的都必须做。Everything that we saw was very interesting. 我们看到的一切事都很有趣。 He doesnt like anything that his father gives him. 他不喜欢他父亲给他的任何东西。 There is nothing that I can do. Much that he said was true. 他说的很多话是对的。 There is little that I can use. 几乎没有什么我能用的了。5) 先行词被all , every, no, some

6、, any , little , few , many , much等词修饰时。 I have read all the books that you gave me.You can choose any book that you like. 你可以选你喜欢的任何一本书。 He has few books that are about computers. 关于电脑的书他几乎没有。6) 先行词既有人又有物时。 I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。7) 当主

7、句以which 开头时, 为了避免重复，定语从句的引导词用that, 而不用which. Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？3. 先行词指物, 在下列情况下只能用which而不能用that：1) 引导非限制性定语从句时。 His book, which was lost last week, has been found now. 他的书，上周丢的那本，现在已经找到了。 I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。2) 先行词指物, 若介词放在关系代词前

8、, 则只能用which, 而不能用 that。This is the house in which I lived ten years ago.这就是我十年前住过的房子。3) 先行词为that时。The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。4) 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 知识点三: 关系代词wh

9、o whom、that的用法1. 先行词指人，在定语从句中做主语时，在一般情况下可用who或that, 即两者可以互换。作主语时who/that不可省略。The girl who / that has long hair is my sister. 留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。2. 先行词指人，在定语从句中做宾语时，在一般情况下可用who、whom、that, 即三者可以互换。作宾语时who、whom、that可以省略。The girl (who / whom / that) we saw yesterday was my sister. 我们昨天见到那个女孩是我妹妹。3. 先行词指人, 在下

10、列情况下只能用who：1) 先行词为he, anyone, those指人时。He who has not reached the Great Wall isnt a true man. 不到长城非好汉。Anyone who would like to attend the party should come on time.Those who are often late for school should be punished. Those who have great interest in English will learn it well. 那些对英语感兴趣的人是会学好英语的。2

11、) 在there be 句型中，其先行词指人时。 There is an old man who wants to see you.4. 先行词指人, 在下列情况下只能用that：1) 当先行词被形容词最高级/序数词/ the only / the very等词修饰时，只用that. He is the only person that was invited to the party.2) 当主句以who 开头时,为了避免重复，定语从句的引导词只用that . Who is the girl that is standing there? 站在那边的女孩是谁？5. 先行词指人, 若介词放在关

12、系代词前, 则只能用whom, 而不能用 who或 that。The man with whom you talked just now is my friend. 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的朋友。知识点四：关系代词whose 的用法。 whose在定语从句中最大特点是先行词既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后边直接跟名词。1. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (指人) 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。2. Look at the house whose roof is red。（指物） 看看那件红色屋顶的房子。 We live in a r

13、oom whose window opens to the south 我们住在窗户向南开的房间.知识点五：关系副词讲解一、关系副词where 的用法 1. where 作地点状语：where = 介词 + which当先行词是表示地点的名词，如place，room，house 等，同时又在定语从句中作地点状语时，则定语从句需要用关系副词where来引导。Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。This is the house where I lived two years ago.这就是我两年前住过的房子。2. 引导定语从句的whe

14、re大都可以转换成“介词+ which”形式。This is the house where（= in which）I lived two years ago. 这就是我两年前住过的房子。3. 当表示地点的先行词在从句中不是作地点状语，而是作主语或宾语时，必须用关系代词that或which, 而不用where。 This is the factory (that/which) he visited yesterday. 这就是他昨天参观的工厂。 This is the house（that/which）I lived in two years ago. 这就是我两年前住过的房子。二、关系副词w

15、hen的用法 when 作时间状语: when = 介词 + which1当先行词是表示时间的名词，如time， day， year， month， week等，同时又在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句需要用关系副词when引导。 The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。 I still remember the year when I joined the Party. 我仍然记

16、得入党的那一年。 Spring is the season when most flowers begin to come out. 春天是一个百花盛开的季节。2引导定语从句的when可以转换成“介词which”的形式。 I still remember the year when/ in which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一年 I still remember the day when/on which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一天三、关系副词why的用法why 作原因状语, 其先行词常常是the reason. why

17、= for whichThat is the reason why (= for which) Im late.知识点五：学习定语从句须注意的几个事项：1. what不能用于定语从句中2关系代词who, which, that在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。She is the girl who studies English well. 她就是那个英语学得很好的女孩。Do you know the women who work in that factory?3. 在 “one of +可数名词复数” 引导的定语从句中，谓语动词应用复数。Im one of

18、 the boys who are never late for school.4. 强调句的构成：It is / was +被强调内容+ that +其他. It is the logo that catches my attention.就是这个商标吸引我的注意力。 It was Tom that she met in the street yesterday. 她昨天在街上遇见的是汤姆。 It was in the street that she met Tom yesterday. 她昨天是在街上遇见汤姆的。 （强调地点状语in the street, 不能用where,只能用that

19、） It was yesterday that she met Tom in the street. 她是昨天在街上遇见汤姆的。（强调时间状语yesterday, 不能用when, 只能用that）注意：如果被强调部分是人，且在从句中作主语，也可用who来引导。 It was she that / who met Tom in the street yesterday. 是她昨天在街上遇见了汤姆。It was the boy that / who helped me.就是这个男孩帮助了我。定语从句专项练习一.单项选择( )1. The building _ we built last year

20、 is very tall. A. where B. who C. which D. what( )2. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall .A. which B. that C. where D. it ( )3. Is this factory _ we visited last year?A. where B. in which C. the one D. at which( )4. The book_ he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. / B. whom C. when D

21、. what( )5. The second book _I want to read is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. A. which B. what C. that D. who( )6. Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who I spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke( )7. He is one of the boys _ never late for school.A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is( )8. To

22、m is the student _composition is the best in our class . A. whose B. which C. whom D. that( )9. Last summer I went to Lu Xuns hometown and visited the house _ he was born . A. that B. where C. which D. there ( )10. He has a friend who _ the piano very well. A. play B. playing C. plays D. played( )11

23、. I know the policeman _ successfully saved the baby in the accident. A. whom B. which C. / D. who ( )12. Is this book _ you lent to Jim last week ? A. the one B. that C. which D. /( )13. Who is the man _ talked with you just now? A. who B. that C. whom D. whose( )14. This is the biggest ship _ I ha

24、ve ever seen. A. who B. whom C. that D. which( )15. I want to know the reason _ he was late.A. because B. that C. why D. which( )16. Yesterday I bought a book _ by Lu Xun. A. wrote B. was written C. written D. that written( )17. The man and the dog _were hurt in the accident were sent to the hospita

25、l . A. which B. who C. that D. whom( )18. I still remember the park _ we first met. A. that B. which C. where D. when( )19. The room in _ I live is very big. A. that B. where C. which D. when( )20. The lab_ we often do experiments is not far from here. A. what B. that C. which D. where( )21. This is the city_ I visited 10 years ago. A. where B. / C. who D. whose( )22. Lucy is the only person _ can help you with your English. A. who B. that C. which D. whom定语从句专项练习答案1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D 12.A 13. B 14. C 15. C 16.C 17. C 18. C 19. C 20. D 21. B 22 . B