助理物流师专业英语阅读翻译部分.docx

1、助理物流师专业英语阅读翻译部分第一节 What is Logistics Management？1 The Definition of Logistics 物流的定义 After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier( seller) to the customer( buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. Durin

2、g the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment( logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place. 在完成商业交易之后,物流将以最低成本和最高效益的方式执行将商品从供应商(卖方)流转到顾客(买方)的过程

3、。这就是物流的定义。在物流过程中,既需要诸如物流设施和设备(物流运输工具等)的硬件,也需要对物流实施信息化管理进行物流标准化。此外,政府和物流组织的支持也不可或缺。 Three major functions of logistics 物流的三大主要功能 (1) Creating time value: same goods can be valued different at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of

4、logistics. It creates the time value for goods. (1)创造时间价值:同种商品因所处时间的不同而有着不同的价值。在商品流转过程中,往往会处于某种停滞的状态,物流的专业术语就称之为储存。储存创造了商品的时间价值。 (2) Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics. (

5、2)创造场所价值: 同种商品因所处位置的不同而有着不同的价值。这种因商品流转过程中而产生的附加增值称之为物流的场所价值。 (3) Distribution processing value: sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which changes the length, thickness and packages of the goods. Like popular saying, “ cutting into smaller parts” is the most commonly seen distri

6、bution processing within logistics create added value for goods. (3) 同配送加工价值:有时,物流活动也能创造配送加工价值,这种物流加工主要改变商品的长度、厚度和包装形态。物流中经常提到的“分割成更小的部分”就是配送加工中最为常见的形式。大多数物流加工都能创造商品的附加价值。 Logistics is a new commercial area, developing from the traditional stage to a modern one. The main differences between these tw

7、o stage include: 物流作为新兴的商务领域,经历了从传统物流向现代物流发展的两个阶段。这两个阶段的不同主要体现在以下两个方面: (1) Modern logistics adopts containerization techniques. The goods transfer process starts with packaging, followed by transportation, storage and distribution. The whole process is operated under logistics standards. Based on th

8、e logistics base module of 600400mm, from the logistics module of 1,2001,000mm, and enlarge to the size of 2,5912,438mm-the size of highwide of the container. It can be adjusted to the standard sizes of containers for trains, trucks and ships. (1)现代物流采用了集装技术。商品物流往往从包装开始,而后经历运输、储存和配送等过程。整个过程始终在物流标准化的

9、前提下运行。以物流基础模数尺寸600400MM为基础,制定出物流模数尺寸12001000MM,并将其放大至25912438MM,即形成集装箱的高度与宽度标准尺寸。并能调整成适合铁运、汽运和船运的集装箱标准规格尺寸。 (2) Information technologies are most important for modern logistics. Bar Code, POS, EDI and GPS systems dramatically improve the efficiency and accuracy of the logistics activities. Internet

10、further assists the market development, operation and management of the logistics industry. (2)信息技术在现代物流中尤其重要。条形码、销售时点系统、电子数据传输系统、全球卫星定位系统的使用,极大地提高了物流活动的效率和精确程度。而互联网更加有助于物流管理的市场开发、运营和管理。 2. Activities Included in Logistics Management物流管理的内部活动(1) Customer service. Customer service is defined “a custo

11、mer-oriented philosophy that integrates and manages all customer interface within the lowest possible costs to achieve optimum results.” Customer services bind all logistics activities. Whether a customer receives the right product under all the right conditions will affect all other operations. 客户服

12、务。客户服务的定义是：以客户至上为宗旨，以最可能低的成本整合、管理所有客户管理的交界面以取得最佳效果客户服务将所有的物流活动连接在一起客户是否能在适当的情景收到合适的产品将影响到其他操作活动。(2)Order processing. “Order processing can be compared to the human bodys central nerve system, triggering the distribution process and directing the actions to be taken in satisfying order demand”. Order

13、 processing activity may be broken down into three categories. Firstly, operating elements, such as order entry/editing, scheduling, order-shipping set preparation, and invoicing. Secondly, communication elements, such as order modification, order status inquiries, tracing and expediting, error corr

14、ection, and product information requests; and lastly, credit and collection elements, including credit checking and accounts receivable processing/collecting. 订单处理。 订单处理可以比作人的躯体的中枢神经系统激发分销过程并指导各种活动得以进行，以满意订货要求。订单处理活动可以被分解成三个种类。 第一，操作部分，诸如订单录入与编辑，调度，订单航运单固定编制，并开具发票。第二，沟通部分，诸如订单修订，订货状况查询，跟踪，催促，错误修正以及产

15、品信息要求等。最后，信贷与托收部分，包括信贷核查和应收帐款处理和托收。Custom services plays an important part in the speed and accuracy of the order processing. Advanced systems can reduce the time between order placement and shipment. Orders are often done through computer systems. Advanced systems, although initially expensive to t

16、he company, can substantially improve accuracy and efficiency. Often, saving in other logistics expenses(such as inventory, transportation and warehousing) or increased sales from improved customer service will justify the cost of the system.客户服务在订单处理的速度与精确性方面扮演一个重要角色。先进的系统能够减少订单下达与发货之间的时间。 订单常常通过计算

17、即系统来完成。先进的计算机系统虽然起初对公司来说很昂贵，但它能大大地提高业务的准确性和效率。 通常，在节省其他物流费用（库存，运输和仓储），或来自客户服务提升了的销售的增长，将证明这一系统提升了的成本是非常值得的。(3)Communication in logistics. Success in todays business environment requires the management of a complex communications system. Effective communication should exist between:物流沟通 要取得当今商务环境的成功，

18、就需要复杂沟通体系的管理。有效的沟通应该存在于下面各项之间：(a) the company, its customers and suppliers; 公司及其客户和供应商；(b) major operations of the company such as marketing, manufacturing, logistics, and finance/accounting; 公司的主要运作，比如：市场，生产，物流，金融/会计；(c) logistics-related activities such as customer service, traffic and transportat

19、ion, warehousing and storage, order processing, and inventory control;与物流相关的活动，比如：客户服务，交通运输，仓储与保管，订单处理和库存控制。(d)components of each logistics activity (within inventory control, for example, would be in-plant inventory, inventory in transit, and inventory in field warehouse).每项物流活动的组成部分.例如:内部存货控制是指企业内

20、的存货、运输中的存货和区域仓库存货）。Communication is the vital link between the entire logistics process and customers.沟通是全部物流和客户之间的极其重要桥梁。A firms communications system may be as sophisticated as a computerized management information system(MIS) or as simple as word-of-mouth communication between individuals. Whatev

21、er type of system used, vital information must be available and communicated to individuals who “need to know”. 一家公司的沟通体系可以像计算机化的管理信息系统那么尖端的，也可以像个人间口头表达那么简单。 无论使用何种系统,重要的信息一定是可用的，并且一定能与“需要知道”的个人进行沟通。(4)Inventory control. The inventory control is important to ensure a sufficient supply of product to

22、meet customer demand and manufacturing requirements. Inventory consumes space and capital. The cost of store inventory can be 14 to over 50 percent of the total cost. Successful inventory control involves determining enough inventories to satisfy customer demand and considering the cost of performin

23、g other logistics activities.存货控制。 库存控制重要的是要确保有足够的产品以满足客户需求和生产要求。存货耗费空间和资本。存货的成本能够占总成本的百分之14到百分之50以上。成功的存货控制就是确保足够的存货来满足客户要求，并且考虑到执行其它物流活动的成本。 (5)Forecasting demands. Demand forecasting involves determining the amount of product and service that customers will require in the future. It is important

24、to all operations such as marketing, manufacturing, and logistics.(5) 预测要求。需求预测涉及确定客户将来所需求的产品数量和服务它对于诸如市场营销、生产制造和物流之类的所有操作来说是非常重要的。* Marketing forecasts determine promotional strategies, allocation of sales force, pricing strategies, and market research activities. 市场预测决定促销战略，销售力量分配，价格战略和市场研究活动。* Lo

25、gistics forecasts determine product transportation and storage.物流预测决定产品的运输和储存。Demand forecasting enables managers to allocate their resources(budgets) effectively to meet demands. 需求预测能够使经理们有效地分配资源（预算）以满足需求。Forecasting can be difficult given the market uncertainties. However, the company should unde

26、rtake demand forecasting and communicate the results to other departments. Sophisticated computer models, trend analysis, sales force estimates or other methods can help develop such forecasts. 由于市场的不确定性，预测可能很困难。然而，公司还是应该进行需求预测并将那些结果传达给其他部门。尖端计算机模数，趋向分析，销售力量评估或其他方式都能有助开发这样的预测。(6)Transportation. The

27、goods flow is depended on transportation process, it includes selecting the method of shipment(rail, water, truck, air and pipeline), choosing a specific path(routing); complying with various local, state and federal transportation regulations; and being aware of both domestic and international traf

28、fic requirements. (6)运输。货物流动取决于运输过程，它包括运输方式的选择（铁运，汽运，空运和管道运输），选择特殊的路径（线路）；对各种地方性的、州和联邦的运输规定的遵从； 熟知国内外交通运输要求Transportation is often the largest part in the logistics cost.运输常常占去物流成本的最大部分。 (7) Warehousing and storage. Products must be stored at any places unless consumers need them immediately. 仓储与保管。

29、 除非消费者立即需要产品，否则他们必须被储藏在某些地点。Warehousing and storage are activities that manage the space needed to hold the inventories. Specific Storageactivities include: deciding whether the storage facility should be owned, leased, or rented; warehouse layout and design; product mix considerations; safety and m

30、aintenance; security systems; personal training; and productivity measurement. 仓储与保管是管理所需空间以容纳存货的活动。特别储存活动包括： 决定储存设施是否自己拥有、租赁或租用；仓库布局和设计；产品组合的考虑；安全和维护；安全系统；人员培训，生产检测(8) Plant and warehouse site selection. The strategic site near the specific markets can improve the customer service levels and lower

31、transportation costs. When making a site decision, we need to research the product market,customer demands, location of raw materials, component parts and subassemblies. Other major considerationsinclude labor rates, transportation, taxes, security, laws, local community(such as the attitude towards

32、 a new industry) land cost, and infrastructure.(8)工厂和仓库选址。在特殊市场附近的战略性地址能够提高客户服务水平，降低运输成本。当作出某一地址的选定时，我们需要研究产品市场，客户要求, 原材料、零部件和组件所在地。 其他主要的考虑因素包括劳动生产率，运输，税收，安全，法律，地方团体（比如对新行业的态度），土地成本和基础设施。(9) Material handling. It is concerned with handling of all raw materials, parts, fittings, inventory, and finished goods within a plant or warehouse. Its objectives are物料搬运。 它涉及到所有工厂或仓库里的原材料、零部件、配件、库存和制成品。 它的目标是* Reduce handling possibly 尽可能地减少搬运装卸* Minimize travel distance 缩短搬迁距离* Minimize goods in process 搬运过程货物最小化* Provide uniform flow withou