新概念第一册主要语法知识.docx

1、新概念第一册主要语法知识新概念一主要语法知识点（一）时态主要涉及的时态有：一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完 成时，过去将来时1.一般现在时 表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。含有be动词的句子例: He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are stude nts.变疑问句将be动词移到句首例: Is he a teacherIs the girl very beautifulAre Tim and Jack stude nts变否定句在be动词后面 加not例: He i

2、s not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not stude nts.肯定回答及否定回答例: Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.不含有动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词例：He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bon es.变疑问句在句首加 does,动词变为原型例: Does he like booksD

3、oes she like himDoes the dog like bones变否定句 在主语及动词之间 加doesn,动词变为原型例: He doesn t like books.She doesn t like him.The dog doesn t like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：例: Yes, he does. No, he doesn t.Yes, she does. No, she does n tYes, it does. No, it doesn t.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加 S,不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数

4、名词例：I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The stude nts like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加do例: Do you want to have a bathDo we have any meatDo the stude nts like smart teachers变否定句在主语和动词之间 加don .t例: You don t want to ha a bath.We don t have any meat.The students don t like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答例：Yes,

5、 I do. No, I don t.Yes, we do. No, we don tYes, they do. No, they don t.2.现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语+ be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分例: We are having lunch.He is readi ng a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimmi ng across the river.变疑问句将be动词移到句首例: Are we having lunchIs he readi ng a bookIs the dog ru

6、nning after a catAre the boys swimmi ng across the river变否定句在be动词后面 加not例: We are not having lunch.He is not readi ng a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimmi ng across the river.特殊疑问句 ： what,which, how, where, who, etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词例: What are you doingWhat is she doingWhat is

7、 the dog doing注：（必背！）没有进行时的动词：表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1表示感觉，感官的词see, hear, like, love, want,2have, has 当”拥有讲时没有讲行时3.般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件， 常和表示过去的时间状语连用， 如yesterday, last night, the daybefore yesterday, 3 days ago,含有 be动词的句子， 将动词变为过去式， am, is的过去式为 was, are 的过去式为were例：I was at the butcher s.You were a

8、stude nt a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten yearsago.变疑问句将be动词移动到句首例: Were you at the butcher sWere you a stude nt a year agoWas the teacher very beautiful ten yearsago变否定句在be动词后面 加not例: I was not at the butcher s.You were not a stude nt a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful teny

9、ears ago.肯定回答否定回答例: Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑问句：例：What did you do不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式例: I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaura nt.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型例: Did you finis

10、h your homework yesterdayDid the boy go to a restaura ntDid the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago变否定句在主语和动词之间 加did not例: I did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaura nt.The Sawyers did no t live at King Street a yearago.肯定回答及否定回答例：Yes, I did. No, I didn t.Yes, he did.

11、 No, he didn t.Yes, they did. No, they did not.4.现在完成时构成：主语 +助动词 have, has+过去分词用法：1）表示过去发生的口现在有某种联系的动作； 常禾口 just, usually, already, since 等时间畐U词连用例：I have just had lunch.（饱了，不用再吃了 ）He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday.（不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book.（已经知道书的

12、内容了，不用再看了）2） 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：例： Have you finished your homeworkHave you bee n to Beiji ngHave he see n the film3） 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作例: I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4） 表示一种经历，经验：去过 地方，做过事情，经历过事情例: I have never had a bath.I have n ever see n a film

13、.I have n ever bee n to cin ema.I have ever bee n to Paris.注意： Have been to 表示去过， have gone to 表示去了试比较：I have been to London.（人已经回来）He has gone to London.（人还在那里）5） 表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用例: I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broke n my heart.变疑问句将助动词移到句首，例: Have you lost

14、 your pen变否定句在助动词后面 加not.例: I have no tlost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答例：Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑问句：例: What have you doneWhat has he done注意：一般过去时与现在完成时的 区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：I ve left Beijing for 3 days.对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. Ihave been away from being

15、for 3 days.5.般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作， 经常禾口 tomorrow, next year, the dayafter tomorrow, the year afterthe next, in five h ours time, etc. 表示将来的词联用结构： 主语 +助动词 will+ 动词原形例: I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the monthafter the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrowmorni ng.变疑问句将

16、助动词移到句首例： Will you go to America tomorrowWill the pilot fly to Japa n the mon th afterthe n extWill Jack move into his new house tomorrowmorni ng变否定句在助动词后面 加not例: I will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the monthafter the next.Jack will not move into his new housetomorrow m

17、orni ng肯定回答及否定回答例：Yes, I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.特殊疑问句：例：What will you do6.过去完成时：用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。 结构：had+过去分词例: After she had finished her homework, shewent shopping.They had sold the car before I asked theprice.The t

18、rain had left before I arrived at thestati on.注意：After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则 不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首例: Had she finished her homework变否定句在助动词后面 加not例: She hadn t finished her homework.肯定回答及否定回答例：Yes, she had. No, she hadn t.特殊疑问句：例： What had she done7.过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作 ，经常用在 when, while, as 引

19、导的状语从句中。结构： was/were+doing例: When my husba nd was going into the dinin groom this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were havi ng dinner, my father waswatch ing TV.8过去将来时结构：would do例: She said she would go here the nextmorning.（二）特殊句型：therebe句型，be going to结构1.Be going to 结构表示打算，准备，

20、计划做某事结构：主语 +be 动词 +going to +动词原型例: I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase tohis daughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首例： Are you going to make a bookcaseAre they going to paint itIs the father going to give the bookcase tohis daughter变否定句在 be动词后面加 not例: I

21、am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give thebookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答例: Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑问句例: What are you going to doWhat are they going to doWhat is the father going to do

22、2.There be 句型表示哪里有什么东西（某处有某物）There is+单数名词+表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）例: There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are +复数名词+表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）例: There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.变疑问句将be动词移到句首例: Is there a book in this roomAre there two pens on the table变否定句在动词后面加 n

23、ot例: There is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答例: Yes, there is. No, there is not.Yes, there are. No, there are not.（三）问句主要类型有：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句1.一般疑问句：助动词/be动词+主语，通常可以用 Yes或者No来回答。例: Are you a teacherDo you want to have a cup of tea回答：Yes, I am.

24、/No, I am not.2.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+般疑问句What: 表示什么例： What is your nameWhere:表示在哪里，对地点进行提问例： Where is my book ？Which:表示哪一个（在一定范围内特指一样东西或一个人）1当作为疑问代词时， which通常单独使用例: Which is your favorite cup ？Which are your favorite cups ？2当作为疑问形容词时， which后面通常加上一个名词，构成特殊疑问名词短语例: Which cup is your favorite ？Which cups are yo

25、ur favorite ？对国籍的提问1你是哪国人？问： What nationality are you ? 回答：I m Chinese.注意：回答用国籍”2你来自哪里？问： Where are you from ？=Whre do you come from ？ 回答：I m from China.=1 come from China.注意：回答用国家”对职业的提问What is your job ？ =What are you ？对近况的提问问： How are you today ？ 回答： rm very well, tha nk you.3.诜择疑问句关键词：or例 “ Do y

26、ou want beef or lamb4.反意疑问句肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分，否定陈述部分 +肯定疑问部分例: The dog is lovely, is nt itYou don t need that pen, do you5.否定疑问句一般疑问句+否定词 例：Aren t you luckyDon t you want to have a rest（四） some 禾口 any、many 禾口 much 的用法 some, any共同点：1.都可修饰可数名词或不可数名词2.都可以解释为一些”区别：通常情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句（此时，两个词都解释为 一 些”）

27、例: I want some milk.I dont want any milk.Do you want any milk特殊用法：1当表示建议、邀请，并期待得到对方的肯定回答时 some也可以用在疑问句中,以下为三种句型：1） Would you like. ？例：Would you like some coffee ？2） Do you want.（一般情况而言用 any比较多，但是如果想要得到别人的肯定回答， 可以用some来提问）例: Do you want some juice （回答为 Yes）3） What about. ？例: What about some bread ？2.

28、当any表示 任何”的时候，也可以用在肯定句，且后面如果加可数名词，需 要用单数例: Any one with a ticket can get into the park.many, much共同点：都可以解释为 很多”不同点：many修饰可数名词， much修饰不可数名词例: I have many toy cars.She has much mon ey.注：在口语中表示 很多”一般不用many, much,而多用a lot of,而在否定句中表示 很多用many, much.例: I have a lot of money.I don t have muchmoney.I dont h

29、ave many apples.（五）名词分类：名词分为可数名词和不可数名词1.不可数名词含义：不可以分成个体的东西: water,tea, bread, milk, rice扌由象的东西：love, beauty, cold ness特点：1不能用a, an修饰2不能加s3和单数be动词或动词搭配注：不可数名词表达复数概念时，用量词修饰。 例：a bottle of milktwo bottles of milka bar of chocolate a loaf of breadtwo bars of chocolatetwo loaves of breadtwo pounds of sug

30、ara pound of sugar2. 可数名词：特点：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，有复数形式。 名词复数形式变化规则：一般情况+S例: shopT shopsbook t books 以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾 +es口诀：蛇(sh)吃(ch)象(x)是(sh)会死(s)的哦(0) 例: fox t foxeschurch t churchesbus t busesdish t dishespotato t potatoes3以 o 结尾，除了 Negro/hero /potato/tomato ，通常力口 s口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿，剩下一般加 s, radio tradios4以f, fe 结尾的，变 f, fe 为 ves例：life t liveshalf t halvesshelf t shelvescity t citieswife t wives5以辅音字母 +y 结尾，变 y 为i+es例: sky tskiesfly t flies注：以元音字母+y结尾的则直接加ed例: toy t