1、新概念第一册主要语法知识新概念一主要语法知识点(一)时态主要涉及的时态有:一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般将来时,过去进行时,过去完 成时,过去将来时1.一般现在时 表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。含有be动词的句子例: He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are stude nts.变疑问句将be动词移到句首例: Is he a teacherIs the girl very beautifulAre Tim and Jack stude nts变否定句在be动词后面 加not例: He i
2、s not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not stude nts.肯定回答及否定回答例: Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.不含有动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词例:He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bon es.变疑问句在句首加 does,动词变为原型例: Does he like booksD
3、oes she like himDoes the dog like bones变否定句 在主语及动词之间 加doesn,动词变为原型例: He doesn t like books.She doesn t like him.The dog doesn t like bones.肯定回答及否定回答:例: Yes, he does. No, he doesn t.Yes, she does. No, she does n tYes, it does. No, it doesn t.注意:第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加 S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数
4、名词例:I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The stude nts like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加do例: Do you want to have a bathDo we have any meatDo the stude nts like smart teachers变否定句在主语和动词之间 加don .t例: You don t want to ha a bath.We don t have any meat.The students don t like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答例:Yes,
5、 I do. No, I don t.Yes, we do. No, we don tYes, they do. No, they don t.2.现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成:主语+ be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分例: We are having lunch.He is readi ng a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimmi ng across the river.变疑问句将be动词移到句首例: Are we having lunchIs he readi ng a bookIs the dog ru
6、nning after a catAre the boys swimmi ng across the river变否定句在be动词后面 加not例: We are not having lunch.He is not readi ng a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimmi ng across the river.特殊疑问句 : what,which, how, where, who, etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词例: What are you doingWhat is she doingWhat is
7、 the dog doing注:(必背!)没有进行时的动词:表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1表示感觉,感官的词see, hear, like, love, want,2have, has 当”拥有讲时没有讲行时3.般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件, 常和表示过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last night, the daybefore yesterday, 3 days ago,含有 be动词的句子, 将动词变为过去式, am, is的过去式为 was, are 的过去式为were例:I was at the butcher s.You were a
8、stude nt a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten yearsago.变疑问句将be动词移动到句首例: Were you at the butcher sWere you a stude nt a year agoWas the teacher very beautiful ten yearsago变否定句在be动词后面 加not例: I was not at the butcher s.You were not a stude nt a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful teny
9、ears ago.肯定回答否定回答例: Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑问句:例:What did you do不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式例: I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaura nt.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为原型例: Did you finis
10、h your homework yesterdayDid the boy go to a restaura ntDid the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago变否定句在主语和动词之间 加did not例: I did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaura nt.The Sawyers did no t live at King Street a yearago.肯定回答及否定回答例:Yes, I did. No, I didn t.Yes, he did.
11、 No, he didn t.Yes, they did. No, they did not.4.现在完成时构成:主语 +助动词 have, has+过去分词用法:1)表示过去发生的口现在有某种联系的动作; 常禾口 just, usually, already, since 等时间畐U词连用例:I have just had lunch.(饱了,不用再吃了 )He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了,不用再喝)They have already had their holiday.(不能再度假了)The boy has already read the book.(已经知道书的
12、内容了,不用再看了)2) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:例: Have you finished your homeworkHave you bee n to Beiji ngHave he see n the film3) 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作例: I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4) 表示一种经历,经验:去过 地方,做过事情,经历过事情例: I have never had a bath.I have n ever see n a film
13、.I have n ever bee n to cin ema.I have ever bee n to Paris.注意: Have been to 表示去过, have gone to 表示去了试比较:I have been to London.(人已经回来)He has gone to London.(人还在那里)5) 表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用例: I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broke n my heart.变疑问句将助动词移到句首,例: Have you lost
14、 your pen变否定句在助动词后面 加not.例: I have no tlost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答例:Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑问句:例: What have you doneWhat has he done注意:一般过去时与现在完成时的 区别:凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意:有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错:I ve left Beijing for 3 days.对:I left Beijing 3 days ago. Ihave been away from being
15、for 3 days.5.般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作, 经常禾口 tomorrow, next year, the dayafter tomorrow, the year afterthe next, in five h ours time, etc. 表示将来的词联用结构: 主语 +助动词 will+ 动词原形例: I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the monthafter the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrowmorni ng.变疑问句将
16、助动词移到句首例: Will you go to America tomorrowWill the pilot fly to Japa n the mon th afterthe n extWill Jack move into his new house tomorrowmorni ng变否定句在助动词后面 加not例: I will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the monthafter the next.Jack will not move into his new housetomorrow m
17、orni ng肯定回答及否定回答例:Yes, I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.特殊疑问句:例:What will you do6.过去完成时:用法:在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。 结构:had+过去分词例: After she had finished her homework, shewent shopping.They had sold the car before I asked theprice.The t
18、rain had left before I arrived at thestati on.注意:After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则 不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首例: Had she finished her homework变否定句在助动词后面 加not例: She hadn t finished her homework.肯定回答及否定回答例:Yes, she had. No, she hadn t.特殊疑问句:例: What had she done7.过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作 ,经常用在 when, while, as 引
19、导的状语从句中。结构: was/were+doing例: When my husba nd was going into the dinin groom this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were havi ng dinner, my father waswatch ing TV.8过去将来时结构:would do例: She said she would go here the nextmorning.(二)特殊句型:therebe句型,be going to结构1.Be going to 结构表示打算,准备,
20、计划做某事结构:主语 +be 动词 +going to +动词原型例: I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase tohis daughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首例: Are you going to make a bookcaseAre they going to paint itIs the father going to give the bookcase tohis daughter变否定句在 be动词后面加 not例: I
21、am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give thebookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答例: Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑问句例: What are you going to doWhat are they going to doWhat is the father going to do
22、2.There be 句型表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)There is+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)例: There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are +复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)例: There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.变疑问句将be动词移到句首例: Is there a book in this roomAre there two pens on the table变否定句在动词后面加 n
23、ot例: There is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答例: Yes, there is. No, there is not.Yes, there are. No, there are not.(三)问句主要类型有:一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否定疑问句1.一般疑问句:助动词/be动词+主语,通常可以用 Yes或者No来回答。例: Are you a teacherDo you want to have a cup of tea回答:Yes, I am.
24、/No, I am not.2.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+般疑问句What: 表示什么例: What is your nameWhere:表示在哪里,对地点进行提问例: Where is my book ?Which:表示哪一个(在一定范围内特指一样东西或一个人)1当作为疑问代词时, which通常单独使用例: Which is your favorite cup ?Which are your favorite cups ?2当作为疑问形容词时, which后面通常加上一个名词,构成特殊疑问名词短语例: Which cup is your favorite ?Which cups are yo
25、ur favorite ?对国籍的提问1你是哪国人?问: What nationality are you ? 回答:I m Chinese.注意:回答用国籍”2你来自哪里?问: Where are you from ?=Whre do you come from ? 回答:I m from China.=1 come from China.注意:回答用国家”对职业的提问What is your job ? =What are you ?对近况的提问问: How are you today ? 回答: rm very well, tha nk you.3.诜择疑问句关键词:or例 “ Do y
26、ou want beef or lamb4.反意疑问句肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分,否定陈述部分 +肯定疑问部分例: The dog is lovely, is nt itYou don t need that pen, do you5.否定疑问句一般疑问句+否定词 例:Aren t you luckyDon t you want to have a rest(四) some 禾口 any、many 禾口 much 的用法 some, any共同点:1.都可修饰可数名词或不可数名词2.都可以解释为一些”区别:通常情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句(此时,两个词都解释为 一 些”)
27、例: I want some milk.I dont want any milk.Do you want any milk特殊用法:1当表示建议、邀请,并期待得到对方的肯定回答时 some也可以用在疑问句中,以下为三种句型:1) Would you like. ?例:Would you like some coffee ?2) Do you want.(一般情况而言用 any比较多,但是如果想要得到别人的肯定回答, 可以用some来提问)例: Do you want some juice (回答为 Yes)3) What about. ?例: What about some bread ?2.
28、当any表示 任何”的时候,也可以用在肯定句,且后面如果加可数名词,需 要用单数例: Any one with a ticket can get into the park.many, much共同点:都可以解释为 很多”不同点:many修饰可数名词, much修饰不可数名词例: I have many toy cars.She has much mon ey.注:在口语中表示 很多”一般不用many, much,而多用a lot of,而在否定句中表示 很多用many, much.例: I have a lot of money.I don t have muchmoney.I dont h
29、ave many apples.(五)名词分类:名词分为可数名词和不可数名词1.不可数名词含义:不可以分成个体的东西: water,tea, bread, milk, rice扌由象的东西:love, beauty, cold ness特点:1不能用a, an修饰2不能加s3和单数be动词或动词搭配注:不可数名词表达复数概念时,用量词修饰。 例:a bottle of milktwo bottles of milka bar of chocolate a loaf of breadtwo bars of chocolatetwo loaves of breadtwo pounds of sug
30、ara pound of sugar2. 可数名词:特点:单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,有复数形式。 名词复数形式变化规则:一般情况+S例: shopT shopsbook t books 以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾 +es口诀:蛇(sh)吃(ch)象(x)是(sh)会死(s)的哦(0) 例: fox t foxeschurch t churchesbus t busesdish t dishespotato t potatoes3以 o 结尾,除了 Negro/hero /potato/tomato ,通常力口 s口诀:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,剩下一般加 s, radio tradios4以f, fe 结尾的,变 f, fe 为 ves例:life t liveshalf t halvesshelf t shelvescity t citieswife t wives5以辅音字母 +y 结尾,变 y 为i+es例: sky tskiesfly t flies注:以元音字母+y结尾的则直接加ed例: toy t
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