新媒体外文文献翻译译文3700字.docx

1、新媒体外文文献翻译译文3700字文献出处：Jones Robert, The origin and development of new media J. International Review of Business, 2014, 7(2): 157-169.（声明：本译文归XX文库所有，完整译文请到XX文库。）原文The origin and development of new mediaJones RobertAbstractThe concept of new media is distinguished from the mass media. New media researc

2、h fields regards it as a new research field which is different with the mass media. Academic researches on new media follow the path of mass communication research in later development in the process of becoming the new force of original communication research paradigm shift. Key words: New media; M

3、ass communication1 IntroductionIn the current communication field, the concept of new media, is well known. The concept of scientific and new media research would be able to form independent, academia or opinions vary, unable to agree. Many new media researchers just coping with new media technology

4、 emerge in endlessly, and for the scientific nature of the new media and new media itself is the lack of attention.2 How to understand new mediaIn 2000, the international academia about the mainstream of the new media research journal new media and social issue one year discovers language wrote: we

5、recognize that the new media is the concept of a relatively vulnerable, but it points out the focus on technology, media, are intertwined with social life affect the importance of the potential for change. Although the new media is a relative concept, but it has some common into the culvert. For exa

6、mple, the government set woven (NGO) this concept, is literally a negative there is no clear concept, referring to the originally used by the media, but when everyone to use this concept, it has specific connotation. At present, the understanding of the new media generally there are two different pe

7、rspectives.2.1The longitudinal historical perspectiveIn May of 2008, the international communication association conference prelude to held in Montreal, with of the long history of the New media: in context of contemporary and future development the topic of the issue of five points: (1) the discuss

8、ion of the Old and New media (Media History Old & New), and more New media and has a long history of media;(2) history compilation and New media (Historiography & New), to reflect on New media research history - how we understand the terminology used in the New media, we need to do our what changes

9、in the existing ideology;(3) culture, the meaning and Codes (Cultures, Meanings & Codes), the new concept of media and cultural implications and the relationship between the excavated in a large amount has not been the history of new media;(4) system, group, weave and network (Institutions, Organiza

10、tions & Networks), focus on new media history developing latent in the invention and use of the structural factors behind the media;(5) books written History of new media (Doing NewMedia History), think about how to write new media History.The emphasis on the longitudinal historical perspective, the

11、 reason has the following three points: (1) the concept of new media itself is timeliness, but the media with history phase reference is the so-called new media.(2) as a new media in the field of research is in the specific historical context, especially at a particular stage of medium development h

12、istory, its connotation and denotation of relative stability. Can be seen from the foreign literature, 70 s 80 s of the 20th century, this concept is used to refer to cannot be incorporated into new media phenomenon of traditional mass communication category. Before this, new media, there is no clea

13、r, (3) the research involves the evolution of media and new media revolution or theology and mutation. Only with longitudinal historical perspective, can grasp new media phenomenon and its implications.2.2 The horizontal Angle of viewFrom the perspective of the history of media of longitudinal, new

14、media is relative, and in a specific historical period, new media is a concept of time. Within a certain period of time, the connotation of the new media should have a relatively stable. such as more detailed instructions, gives a definition of new media based on digital technology and Internet tech

15、nology, new media form of new technologies such as mobile communication technology, hardware and software and information service mode, such as Internet TV, mobile TV, mobile TV, virtual communities, blogs, podcasts, search engines, such as simple polymerization (RSS).Abroad can be roughly divided i

16、nto two categories: the definition of a class definition focuses on media form and the technical characteristics of the new media.For example, Bohr defines new communication technologies For the time of the big about 25 kinds of transmission equipment hereinafter referred to as;(Ron Rice) emphasizes

17、 two-way transmission ability of computer and telecommunication technologies, new media is defined as such transmission technology - contains computing power (or host) microprocessor, can allow or promote the interaction between users or between the user and information.(2) another definition is the

18、 technology in the study of the influence of the formation of the social, think that the understanding of new media to transcend to the media attention, in the form of technology study of media technology and human behavior and the interaction of social structure. Steve Jones wrote in the introducti

19、on to the new media encyclopedia: in the definition of new media, the only perfect undoubtedly comes from the comprehensive understanding of history, technology and society. In the new media handbook, a version of the preface, the editors put forward a framework to understand new media, think new me

20、dia means transmission technology and its related social scene, which includes the following several aspects: extending our transmission capacity equipment; using these devices for the spread of activities and practices; around the above equipment and practice form of social organization and practic

21、e. Today the cultural meaning of the new media also gradually attention by researchers, this framework gradually became plump perfect. Both the class definition is the product of new media research in different periods, the two complement each other. The first type definition to describe the technic

22、al characteristics of the new media, is basic to an understanding of the rich connotation of new media, new media also made clear a period to study media objects; the second definition based on this, understand the media framework is given and the general direction.At the same time, the understandin

23、g of new media critical question is: where is the new media new? It is also a new media researchers abroad had a warm discussion questions. Barr and Merry put forward in the new media : new refers to the media for the first time in the form itself, or the media shape caused by the social, legal, pol

24、itical, economic and cultural communication of the new changes? This new refers to the engineering and technical personnel as the new, or ordinary people to understand the new? New refers to the new extension of the original media transmission ability, or fundamental change or even completely replac

25、e? New media as a concept connotation is rich of polymerization, referred to in the study of diversity and complexity of the make we cannot simply answer the above questions, but in the concrete research inevitably have to face it.3 New media is derivedAs we know, the new media in the 20th century,

26、60 70 s gradually has its relatively fixed referred to. Here, we will be in the origin of the development of new media in the media to examine its specific historical connotation. The long history of human media is full of evolution and revolution of alternating, like a long river slowly has rapids.

27、 Our age is a medium of change. In the second half of the 19th century as a starting point to comb through the medium of change is a relatively reasonable choice.In the history of human communication, should occupy the important position in the second half of the 19th century, the telegraph, telepho

28、ne, the phonograph, the motion and other important communication technologies. In 1836, Morse developed the famous Morse code, and the next year to develop the worlds first transfer of dot and stroke symbol machine, named telegraph. The invention of the telegraph is first applied in electric power r

29、emote communication, constitute the cornerstone of modern communication, since then, the rapid development of transmission line lightning, formed the huge communications network. Since that time, almost one and a half centuries every 25 years is an important stage, such as cable of around 1850, 1850

30、 and 1880 of the telephone, the transmission of electromagnetic waves around 1900, 1920 and 1930, the radio broadcasting and television from 1950 to 1960, the last is starting in the 70 s of the new media.70 s 80 s, the first is called the new media, cable television, communications, video recorders

31、, selective satellite receiving equipment and budding computer intermediary spread, etc. Communication scholars noticed that these cannot be incorporated into mass communication studied within the framework of the media. The communication equipment and its spread phenomenon shows its characteristics

32、 different from the traditional mass media, such as different from the focus of the linear one-way transmission, interactivity, etc. We want to computer intermediary spread, for example, the computer intermediary spread than other new media interactive stronger at that time, and is closely related to todays new media forms. Early cause is the main focus of the research institutions (such as university of rich set of aggregation concept, referred to in the study of diversity and complexity of the make we cannot simply answer the above questions, but in specific studies inevit