牛津沪教版英语九年级上动词时态与语态专题.docx

1、牛津沪教版英语九年级上动词时态与语态专题九年级上动词时态专题一、知识要点： 1. 一般现在时的用法（1）表示经常发生的动作或者经常存在的状态。经常和表示时间的状语often，always，usually，sometimes，every day等连用。例如： My sister usually goes to school on foot. 我姐姐经常步行去上学。 We often come to school at six in the morning. 我们经常在早上六点到学校。（2）表示某种习惯或者能力，也可以表示职业、特征等。例如： My mother often gets up ver

2、y early in the morning. 我的妈妈经常在早上起床很早。 This kind of car runs very fast. 这种小汽车跑得非常快。（3）表示客观事实、客观规律或者客观真理。例如： This kind of trees never grows in the desert. 这种树从来不在沙漠里生长。 Do you know that knowledge is power? 你知道知识就是力量吗？（4）在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，表示将来的动作。例如： Theyll be so happy when I tell them. 我告诉他们时，他们会很高兴的。

3、If you arent here on time tomorrow, Ill write to your parents. 如果你明天不准时到，我就给你父母亲写信。注意：（1）一般现在时的第三人称单数：在一般现在时中，如果句子的主语是第三人称单数形式，谓语动词用其 第三人称单数形式。例如：My father often watches TV after dinner at home. 我的爸爸经常在晚饭后在家看电视。（2）一般现在时的谓语如果是实义动词，其否定句和一般疑问句要用助动词do，第三人称单数用does，doesnt来构成。例如：My little brother doesnt do

4、 his homework at school. 我的小弟弟不在学校做家庭作业。【中考链接】（ ）1. -Mum, _ shall we have lunch? -We will have it when your dad_.（2007年连云港） A. when; returns B. where; returns C. where; will return D. when; will return（ ）2. -Tomorrow will be Fathers Day. What will you do for your father? - I will say I love you, Dad

5、dy as soon as he _ up. （2007年南通） A. will wake B. is waking C. wakes D. woke（ ）3. Our teacher said light_ faster than sound. （2007年宿迁） A. travelled B. has travelled C. is travelling D. travels（ ）4. -Lets go fishing if it _ this weekend. -But nobody knows if it_.（2006年扬州） A. is fine, will rain B. will

6、 be fine, rains C. is fine, rains D. will be fine, will rain（ ）5. -Is your father a doctor? -Yes, he is. He_ in Town Hospital. (2006年武汉) A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked 2. 动词一般过去时的用法： （1）表示过去经常发生的动作或者过去经常存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday，just now，a moment ago，last week/ year/ night，in 1985，i

7、n those days，when I was at middle school等连用。例如： They went to college last year. 他们是去年上大学。 We had a good time in the park yesterday. 我们昨天在公园玩得很高兴。（2）表示过去接连发生的一系列动作。例如： We played football first，then went boating and fishing,，and at last had a picnic there. 我们先踢足球，然后去划船、钓鱼。最后我们在那里野餐。（3）在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，表

8、示过去将来的动作。 She told me that she would not leave until I came back. 她告诉我我回来她才会离开。注意：（1）表示过去经常或反复的动作，而现在却不这样做了，也可以用used to +动词原形来表示。例如： I used to get up very late. 我过去总是起床很晚。（2）如果主句的谓语动词是现在完成时，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。例如： We have made a lot of friends since we came here. 自从我们来到这里以来已经交了很多的朋友。（3）谈论某人的出生日期经常用

9、一般过去时。例如： When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ I was born in 1983. 我出生于1983年。 3. 现在进行时的用法： （1）表示说话的时候正在发生的动作，经常与时间状语now，at present，at this time/ moment等连用。例如： The boys are playing football over there now. 这些男孩子们正在那边踢足球。 My father is watching TV with my mother now. 我的爸爸正在和妈妈一起看电视。（2）表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，但不一定在说话时正

10、在进行。经常与now，these days等时间状语连用。例如： I am learning French in Beijing these days. 这些天我正在北京学法语。（3）一些瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示一般将来时表示“即将”，常有表示将来的时间状语。常用的这类动词有go, come, leave, start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, return等。例如： Hurry up! The bus is coming. 快点！公共汽车马上就要开了。 He is coming back tomorrow. 他明天会回来。 注意：表示状态和感觉的动

11、词如果指现在情况的话，一般不用于进行时，而要用一般现在时。这样的动词有：love, like, hate, want, hope, need, wish, know, understand, remember, belong, hear, see, seem, have(有), sound(听起来), taste（尝起来）等。【中考链接】（ ）1. -Wheres your mother, Helen? -She_ the flowers in the garden. （2007年镇江） A. waters B. watered C. is watering D. has watered（ ）

12、2. -Hurry up! Its time to leave. -OK, _.（2006年孝感） A. Im coming B. Ill come C. Ive come D. I come（ ）3. -Shall we invite Tom to play football now? -Oh, no. He his clothes.（2006年泸州） A. is washing B. washes C. has washed D. washed 4. 过去进行时的用法： 表示说话的过去某个时候或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定时间除了有上下文暗示外，经常和表示过去时间的状语then，a m

13、oment ago，at this time yesterday，at ten last night，at that time/ moment等连用。例如：What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你正在做什么？I was cooking with my mother. 我正和我妈妈一起做饭。 5. 一般将来时的用法： 表示将来发生的动作或者存在的状态。常和表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow，next week/ year/ month，this afternoon/ evening，tonight，in a few days，wh

14、en he comes等连用。一般将来时的构成：1） will/shall动词原形2）be going to动词原形。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于第二和第三人称。例如：Ill come and help you tomorrow. 我明天来帮助你。He will go to Beijing and see his father next week. 他下个星期去北京看他的爸爸。注意：（1）shall一般和第一人称的代词连用构成shall I或者shall we的一般疑问句，用来询问对方的意图和愿望，征求别人同意等。在以第二人称作主语的问句中,用will 表示请求.例如：Shall

15、we go swimming this afternoon? 今天下午我们去游泳好吗？Will you please lend me your pen?（2）当主语是第一人称时,用will 表示意愿.决心.允诺.命令等. eg. I will give you an English-Chinese dictionary for your birthday.（3）助动词shall引起的一般疑问句征求别人同意时，回答不能用Yes, you shall或者No, you shall not，应该用Yes, please do.或者No, please dont. 例如： Shall I close

16、the window? 我把窗户关上好吗？ No, please dont.不，别关。（4）be going to+动词原形，常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事，也用于表示必然或很可能发生的事。例如： They are going to finish the work this evening. 他们打算今天晚上完成这项工作。 Its going to snow. 要下雪了。中考演练( ) 1 Will you go to the Great Wall if it _ fine tomorrow? A. will B. was C. is going to be D. is( ) 2 Pleas

17、e come to our meeting if you _ free tomorrow. A. will B. will be C. are D. were( ) 3 _ you free now? I have some questions to ask you. A. Will B. Do C. Are D. Would 6. 过去将来时的用法： 表示过去某个将来时间发生的动作或者存在的状态。第一人称用should动词原形，其他人称用would动词原形。也可以用was/were +going +to 动词原形。过去将来时经常用在间接引语中，主句的谓语动词是一般过去时。例如：Your fa

18、ther said he was going to visit your school next week.你爸爸说他下个星期要到你的学校参观。They said they would come the next day. 他们说第二天就回来。 7.现在完成时的用法： （1）表示动作发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果，而这种影响或者结果往往是说话人的兴趣所在。常用的状语有already, yet, not yet, now, just, by this time等。例如： The bus has come here. 公共汽车已经来了。 Someone has cleaned the w

19、indow. 有人已经擦了窗户。（2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作。常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如today, this week/ month/ summer, lately, recently, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等。例如： We have lived here for two years. 我们在这里住了两年了。注意：（1）buy，borrow，die等非延续性动词（也称为瞬间动词）的肯定形式一般不能和表示一段时间的

20、for短语及since短语（或从句）连用，这时要用相应的动词代替这些非延续性动词。例如：() I have bought the bike for two years. 我买这辆自行车两年了。() I have had the bike for two years. 瞬间动词与延续动词的转换：buyhave stopbe over leavebe away come backbe back borrowkeep diebe dead beginbe onfall asleepbe asleeparrivebe here get upbe up joinbe inbe a member of例如

21、：They borrowed the book two weeks ago他们两个星期前借的这本书。 They have kept the book for two weeks A month has passed since he left home. 他离开家已经一个月了。 He has been away from home for a month.（2）注意以下表示法的含义及用法：have been (to): 去过或到过（某地）（表示某人过去的经历）have gone (to)：去（某地）了 （现在可能已在某地）have come (to)：来（某地）了 （现在可能已在某地）have

22、 been in +一段时间: 已在某地一段时间了例如：He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到过杭州几次了。He has gong to Hangzhou, so he cant help us. 他去杭州了，所以他不可能帮助我们。He has come to our city. Lets go to visit him. 他已经到我们城市来了，我们去拜访他吧。She has been in London for half a year. 她在伦敦已经半年了。（3）Since用法小结：1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、

23、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句 It is two years since I became a postg

24、raduate student （3）现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：Have you seen the film? Yes, I have. (表示结果：已经看过了，因此了解了这部电影)When did you see it? I saw it last Sunday. (表示事实：过去做的一件事的时间)He has taught this class for two years. （现在仍教着，或者刚刚停止）He

25、 taught this class for two years. （过去教过）中考连接 ( )1I_ a letter from him since he left（天津市） Adidnt receive Bhavent got Cdidnt have Dhavent heard ( )2How long have you _ this book？（哈尔滨市） Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent ( )3Youve never seen such a wonderful film before，_ ？（河北省） Ahavent you Bhave you Cdo you

26、 Ddont you ( )4We have lived here _ five years ago（河南省） Awhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter ( )5How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city（江西省） Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited ( )6His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he came to Yunnan（昆明市） Aafter Bbefore C

27、since Dfor ( )7His grandpa _ for two years（广西） Awas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead Dhas died ( )8Have you ever_ to Haikou？ Yes，I_ there with my family last August（海南省） Agone；went Bbeen；went Cbeen；went to Dbeen；was in ( )9His sister _ her hometown for three years Shell return next year（合肥市） Aleft Bhas

28、 left Chas been away Dhas been away from 8. 过去完成时的用法： 过去完成时和现在完成时的用法基本相似，表示某个动作在过去的某个时间之前已经完成，即“过去的过去”。现在完成时以现在为基准，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻为基准。见下图：1）.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”） 2）.当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时

29、。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) 3）.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ，yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。 Before she came to China, Grace had taught English i

30、n a middle school for about five years. Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 4）.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）练习一、用动词的适当形式填空 1. We (paint) the ho