新目标九年级英语U10课文重难点知识点.docx

1、新目标九年级英语U10课文重难点知识点2014秋九年级英语Unit10 Youre supposed to shake hands. 课文重难点知识点详细讲解1.be supposed to 的用法用法一： be supposed to. 其中to是动词不定式符号，不是介词，其后要跟动词原形。当be supposed to. 的主语是“人” 时，意为“应该”；“被期望”，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。如：Everyone is supposed to wear a seat-belt in the car.每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。Teachers a

2、re supposed to treat all the students alike.老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。用法：当be supposed to. 的主语是“物”时，它表示“本应；本该”，用于表示“某事本应该发生而没有发生”。如：The new laws are supposed to prevent crime. 这些新法令本应该起到防止犯罪的作用。The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago. 火车本应在半小时之前到达。用法三： be supposed to后面接“have + 过去分词”时，表示“本应该做某事而没做”。如：Y

3、ou are supposed to have handed in your homework by now.现在你应该已经把作业交上来了。He is supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 他应该一小时前就到了。用法四： be supposed to. 的否定结构为be not supposed to.,它常用于口语中，意为“不被许可；不应当”。如：She was not supposed to be angry about that. 她本不该为那件事而生气的。You are not supposed to smoke on the bus. 你不应该在

4、公共汽车上吸烟2.be expected to do和 be supposed to do 区别be supposed to do是被期望或要求,应该.相对于be expected to do 主观性强一些.它相当于should的这个用法是有希望做（成）expect在朗文的第一词条即为：预料、期待。例：They are expected to make an announcement later on today.(预料他们今天晚些时候会宣布一项通告)再次例句中，be expected to do意为预料，表示一种可能性再如：She is expected to be a good docto

5、r.（他有希望成为一名好医生)3.expect 用法请读下面的句子，注意expect的用法。1. I expect a snowstorm. 我预计会有一场暴风雪。2. The old man is expecting his daughters visit. 这个老人盼望着他女儿的到访。3. I expect to get a birthday present from my dad. 我期待着收到一件来自父亲的礼物。4. Do you expect him to teach you English?你希望他教你英语吗？5. I didnt expect that you would get

6、 there so soon. 我没想到你会这么快就到达那里了。【及时归纳】 expect是及物动词，意为“预料，盼望”，它有以下常见用法：1. expect + n. / pron. 预计可能发生；期待某人或某物 2. expect + to do sth. 料想做某事 3. expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 4. expect + 从句 预计 / 料想4.relax，relaxed，relaxing的区别与不同的用法1. relax是动词，不及物或及物动词，及物时，宾语是sb ，使某人放松、使某人休息、使某人轻松。 Now I want to rest and r

7、elax. 不及物 现在我得休息一下，放松放松 I need a cup of tea to relax myself.及物 我需要喝杯茶使自己轻松一下。 2. relaxed，形容词 某人感到轻松、放松、不受拘束的。指某人“感到”轻松。可以这样理解，形容人如何如何。同interestedexcitedsurprisedboredtired有类似用法。 如 He is feeling relaxed.或He is relaxed The song can make me relaxed. 3. relaxing形容词 某事情令人轻松的，指某事某物“令人”轻松。可以这样理解 ，修饰物或事。同in

8、terestingexcitingsurprisingboringtiring有类似用法。 如：The song is relaxing. 这首歌真使人轻松。 You can listen to relaxing music in the bath! （修饰music） 你甚至可以边洗澡边听（令人）轻松的音乐。5.As soon as的用法1. 一经.;立即.;一.就.as soon as表示一。就，其中的从句通常用一般现在时表示将来时。这个短语用的比较常用，口语和书面语都可以。它的特点是，在句子中的位置比较灵活，而且可以用于各种时态。例如：1、指未发生的动作，规律是：主句一般将来时，从句用一

9、般现在时代替一般将来时如：I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back。注：有时，为了特意表达刚刚完成某事就如何如何，需要用现在完成时。如：I will go with you as soon as I have washed my face.2、指紧接着发生的两个短动作，主从句都用一般过去时如 He took out his English books as soon as he sat down不过，我也见过从句和主句都用一般现在时的情况。如：As soon as he finishes his classwork, he runs o

10、ut of the class. 他一做完课堂作业，就跑出了教室。总之，记住那两种基本的情况，不把时态用得太混乱了就行了（比如后面从句里用了将来时，就绝对允许了）。以下一些双语例句尝试自己书写Come here as soon as you finish the work.工作一结束你就到这里来。1. Come here as soon as you finish the work.工作一结束你就到这里来。2. He jumped out of bed as soon as he was called.一听到有人叫他，他立即跳下床来。3. Lets talk the matter over a

11、s soon as we are conveniently alone.让我们单独在一起的时候再讨论这件事情吧。4. As soon as Marie opened the door,the dog ran in.当玛丽一打开门，狗就跑了进来。5. As soon as I stepped inside,my glasses misted over.我一踏进里面，眼镜马上蒙了一层雾。6.hold out1. 伸出；拿出：例句: They all held out their hands to welcome me.他们全都伸出双手欢迎我。Martha held out a cheongsam

12、for us to look.玛莎拿出一件中国旗袍展示给我们看。2. 提出，提供；抱有(希望等)：例句: When talking about cooperation agreement, they held out several harsh terms.当会谈谈到合作协议时，他们提出了一些苛刻的条件。He said he held out a good opinion of Mary as soon as he saw her.他说他一见到玛丽就对她抱有好感。3. 坚持，不退让；不屈服：例句: They held out against enemy for six months.他们坚持不

13、屈抗击敌人达六个月之久。4. 继续运转：例句: This old machine will hold out for another 20 years.这台老机器还会再运转20年。5. 继续生存，支撑；维持：例句: Its not easy for him to hold out to the end.他很难坚持到底。Such a situation held out for another half a month.这种局面又维持了半个月。6. 拖延，抵制，拒不同意：例句: All items had been talked over, but he held out at last.所有的

14、条款均已协商好，可最后他竟拒绝签约。7. 声称：例句: He held himself out as my uncle.他自称是我的叔叔。8. 美国口语扣留；隐瞒(常与 of 连用)：例句: Their salaries were held out for a long time.他们的工资被扣发了很长时间。He told her the course of the incident of which he held out some details.他把事情的经过告诉了她，可向她隐瞒了其中的某些细节7.Value vt.1. 估价,评价(+at)That watch was valued a

15、t $100.那只表估计值一百美元。I value this necklace at $5,000.我估计这条项链值五千美元。2. 尊重;重视,珍视My father values honesty beyond all things.我父亲把诚实看得比什么都重要。8.drop by 随便来，随便来玩，随便走访，非正式访问例句：Drop by whenever you have time.如果有空随便来Drop by whenever you feel like it.随时即兴就来我这儿坐坐Ill drop by on my way home if I have time有空的话回家途中我会顺便

16、来看你I have to drop by the bank to get some money我得到银行去取一下钱She and Mary are dropping by later.她和玛丽一会儿要来坐坐drop by和 drop indrop by和 drop in都表示顺便拜访 区别在于drop in后面可以跟on、at加宾语，而drop by一般不这么使用。 另外，drop in含有临时生出主意造访的意思，造访未经事先安排，而drop by不强调这层含义 drop in at和drop in on都表示顺便拜访，是drop in的延伸，区别在于后面接的宾语，前者接表示处的名词或代词，后

17、者接表示人的。例如Id drop in on you /at your house when in free.9.It is +adj+for sb to do sth与It is+adj+of sb to do sthIt is+adj.+of sb. +to do sth中的adj.跟sb.有关,这个adj.是用来形容sb.的,表示某人这么做真是太adj.了你会发现在这个句型中你把sb.和adj.提出来可以造个句sb. is(are) adj.如Its very kind of you to help me.把里面的sb.和adj.提出来可以发现you are kind是说得通的.而It

18、is +adj.+for sb.+to do sth表示做某事对某人来说很adj.这里的adj.是do sth.的属性里面的sb.跟adj.没有直接联系如Its difficult for you to deal with the problem.你就不能说you are difficult了吧这就是怎么决定句子中的介词用of还是用for的方法若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.。 Its very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我

19、，真好。 Its clever of you to work out the maths problem. 你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。 若形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for sb.，这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。 Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。 Its difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困

20、难。 注 意 of sb. 的句型通常都可转换为不定式作状语的句子，但for sb. 句型不可以。 Its very nice of you to offer me a seat. = You are nice to offer me a seat. 十分感谢你给我让座。 It is careless of him to lose so many things. = He is careless to lose so many things. 他丢了这么多东西，真是太粗心了。 Its very important for you to practise your oral English in

21、 daily life. 在日常生活中练习你的英语口语非常重要的。 这句话不能说成：It is very important of you to practise 在英语学习的过程中，大家会对句型It is+adj+of(for)+sb to do sth的掌握有些模糊，在运用中，是用of . to do sth还是for . to do sth 呢？我们可以从以下六点来区别使用它们。一、of. to do sth只能用在句中作主语，且主语常用it代替；而for. to do sth除在句中作主语外，还可作表语、宾语、定语或状语。例如：It is necessary for you to le

22、arn from others. 你必须向他人学习。(主语)My suggestion is for you to go to Beijing University. 我建议你去念北京大学 。(表语)I have a lot of work for you to do. 我有许多工作要你去做。(定语)二、for. to do sth在句中作主语时，其表语可以是形容词也可以是名词；而of. to do sth作主语时，只能接形容词做表语。例如：It is impossible for you to get there in such a short time. 你在那么短的时间内到达那是不可能的

23、。It will be a mistake for you to miss the chance. 你错过那个机会将是个错误。It was too foolish of you to do so. 你那么做真是太愚蠢了。三、 of. to do sth在句中作主语时，句子只能是主语+be+表语；而for. to do sth在句中作主语时，句子既能是主语+be+表语，也可以是主语谓语宾语。例如：It is impolite of you to fool your teacher. 你欺骗老师是不礼貌的。It is possible for me to spend one hour finish

24、ing the job. 我花费一个小时去完成那项工作是可能的。It will take one hour for me to finish the job. 完成那项工作将花费我一个小时。四、 在for. to do sth结构中，不定式的逻辑主语可以是人或物，也可以是引导词there；而of. to do sth结构中，不定式的逻辑主语只能是人或物。例如：It is important for you to study hard. 努力学习对你很重要。It is a good idea for the book to be given to her. 把这本书送给她是个好主意 。It is

25、 a pity for there to be any disagreement in the family. 家庭不和实为憾事。It is wrong of you to tell a lie. 你说谎是不对的。五、 在of. to do sth结构中，of后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词(kind, clever, foolish, selfish, polite, right, wrong, careful.)有逻辑上的主表关系;而在for. to do sth结构中，for后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词(easy, hard, difficult, possible, necessary

26、, important, heavy.)没有逻辑上的主表关系。例如：It is kind of you to lend me so much money. 你心肠真好，借给我那么多钱 。It is hard for you to translate the sentence into English. 你把这个句子翻译成英语是有困难的。但是，当这个形容词可用来说明of后面的名词或代词的性质时，easy, hard, difficult等词也可用于of. to do sth结构中。The beautiful girl is easy to work with. 那个漂亮女孩很好共事。六、 有些形

27、容词(如nice ,right, wrong, good, wise 等)既可用于of. to do sth结构，也可用于for. to do sth结构中；但两者之间的强调重点不同，意义也有区别。例如：It is wise of them to turn down the suggestion. 他们很明智，拒绝了这个建议。It is wise for them to turn down the suggestion. 他们拒绝这个建议是明智的。前句强调them是wise的；后句强调to turn down the suggestion 是wise的10.stick的用法stick (sth

28、) in/into/through sth插入活刺穿某物 Remembering this, he felt as if someone had stuck a sharp stick into his side. 记住这一点，他觉得如果有人坚持急剧坚持到他身边。stick at sth坚持做 stick by sb继续支持某人 stick sth out使某物突出11.point at，point to，point out point at，point to和point out的意思都与“指”有关，但还是有一定区别。 point at习惯上表示指向离说话人较近的事物，意为“指着”，at是介词

29、，着重于指的对象。 Dont point at the words while you are reading. 读书时不要用手指着字。 The teacher pointed at the blackboard and said，“You must look carefully.” 老师指着黑板说:“你必须看仔细。” point to多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”，to也是介词，着重于指的方向。 He pointed to the house on the other side of the river and said，“Thats my home.” 他指着河对岸的房子说

30、:“那是我家。” As he started the operation，the hour hand of the clock pointed to 9. 他开始手术时，时针指着九点。 point out表示的是给某人指示方向，要点或错误等，意为“指出”，out是副词。 The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework. 老师指出我作业里的许多错误。 Will you please point out the man who saved the boys life? 请你指出那个救男孩性命的人好吗?12.go out of ones wa

31、y to do sth 特地（不怕麻烦地）做某事He always goes out of his way to help me when I am in trouble.13.How与What感叹句的用法!感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what和how引导，what和how与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、 由what引导的感叹句：what意为多么用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is). 如： What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ What good