rman备份恢复详解.docx

1、rman备份恢复详解第一部分，认识rmanrootdirector # find / -name rman/u01/oracle/10g/sysman/admin/scripts/db/rman/u01/oracle/10g/oc4j/j2ee/oc4j_applications/applications/em/em/WEB-INF/perl/db/rman/u01/oracle/10g/oc4j/j2ee/oc4j_applications/applications/em/em/database/rman/u01/oracle/10g/bin/rman调整顺序的话就调整这个文件rootdir

2、ector #if -f /.bashrc ; then . /.bashrcfi# User specific environment and startup programsPATH=$PATH:$HOME/binexport PATHexport ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10gexport ORACLE_SID=TestDBexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATHexport PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin;export P

3、ATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;alias sqlplus=rlwrap sqlplusrman备份可以进行的前提条件是数据库必须处于归档模式oracledirector $ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May

4、 20 04:50:02 2016Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsSQL archive log list;Database log mode Archive ModeAutomatic archival EnabledArchive destinatio

5、n USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DESTOldest online log sequence 3Next log sequence to archive 5Current log sequence 5强制归档日志命令SQL alter system archive log current;System altered.SQL alter system switch logfile;System altered.SQL配置rman RMAN show all; RMAN configuration parameters are: CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY

6、 TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 1 DAYS;设置保存策略CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;设置为优化选项为on CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO SBT_TAPE;设置备份介质CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;设置自动备份控制文件CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE TO %F; # default CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR

7、DEVICE TYPE DISK TO %F; # default CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE PARALLELISM 4 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; 备份通道个数CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 8 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;磁盘通道个数CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE TO 1; # default CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE

8、 TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE TO 1; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE PARMS ENV=(OB_MEDIA_FAMILY=station21) CONNECT sys/oracle1orcl;设置媒介家庭CONFIGURE CHANNE

9、L 2 DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE PARMS ENV=(OB_MEDIA_FAMILY=station21) CONNECT sys/oracle1orcl; 设置媒介家庭CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM AES128; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default CONFIGU

10、RE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f; # default set ORACLE_SID=portalreport RMAN命令详解一、list命令1.List 当前RMAN所备份的数据库：1.1. list backup summary; -概述可用的备份list incarnation;-汇总查询-如果备份文件多的话多用这两个list命令可以对备份文件有个总体了解。B 表示backupA 表示Archivelog、 F 表示full backup、 0,1,

11、2 表示incremental level备份A 表示可用AVALIABLE、 X 表示EXPIRED这个命令可以派生出很多类似命令，例如list backup of database summarylist backup of archivelog all summarylist backup of tablespace users summary;list backup of datafile n,n,n summary这些命令可以让我们对已有的备份文件有一个整体，直观的了解。1.2.list backup by file;-按照文件类型分别列出分别为：数据文件列表、归档日志列表、控制文件

12、列表、SPFILE列表1.3.list backup;这个命令列出已有备份集的详细信息。1.4.list expired backup;列出过期的备份文件1.5.list copy;列出copy文件list copy of database;list copy of controlfile;list copy of tablespace users;list copy of datafile n,n,n;list copy of archivelog all;list copy of archivelog from scn 10000;list copy of archivelog until

13、 sequence 12;2. List 相关文件的信息list backup of archivelog, controlfile, database, datafile, spfile, tablespace;list backup of database; -full,incremental,tablespace,datafile2.1服务器参数文件:list backup of spfile;2.2 控制文件：list backup of controlfile;2.3 数据文件：list backup of datafle n,n,n,n;2.4表空间：list backup of

14、tablespace tablespace_name;-表空间对应的backup2.5归档日志：list backup of archivelog all, from, high, like, logseq, low, scn, sequence, time, until;list backup of archivelog all;list backup of archivelog until time sysdate-1;list backup of archivelog from sequence 10;list backup of archivelog until sequence 10

15、;list backup of archivelog from scn 10000;list backup of archivelog until scn 200000;list archivelog from scn 1000;list archivelog until scn 2000;list archivelog from sequence 10;list archivelog until sequence 12;二、report常用命令总结备忘report用于判断数据库当前可恢复状态、以及数据库已有备份的信息。最常使用的是report obsolete; report schema;

16、report device, need, obsolete, schema, unrecoverablereport schema;report obsolete;report unrecoverable;report need backup;report need backup days=3; -报告最近3天内没有备份的文件report need backup redundancy=3; -报告冗余次数小于3的数据文件。report need backup recovery window of 2 days;report schema;-报告数据库模式report obsolete;-报告已

17、丢弃的备份集(配置了保留策略)。report unrecoverable;-报告当前数据库中不可恢复的数据文件(即没有这个数据文件的备份、或者该数据文件的备份已经过期)report need backup;-报告需要备份的数据文件(根据条件不同)report need backup days=3;-最近三天没有备份的数据文件(如果出问题的话，这些数据文件将需要最近3天的归档日志才能恢复)report need backup incremental=3;-需要多少个增量备份文件才能恢复的数据文件。(如果出问题，这些数据文件将需要3个增量备份才能恢复)report need backup redu

18、ndancy=3;-报告出冗余次数小于3的数据文件-例如数据文件中包含2个数据文件system01.dbf和users01.dbf.-在3次或都3次以上备份中都包含system01.dbf这个数据文件，而users01.dbf则小于3次-那么，报告出来的数据文件就是users01.dbf-即，报告出数据库中冗余次数小于 n 的数据文件report need backup recovery window of 2 days;-报告出恢复需要2天归档日志的数据文件三、backup常用命令总结备忘1.设置备份标记backup database tag=full_bak1;注：每个标记必须唯一，相同的

19、标记可以用于多个备份只还原最新的备份。2.设置备份集大小(一次备份的所有结果为一个备份集，要注意备份集大小)backup database maxsetsize=100m tag=datafile1;注：maxsetsize限定备份集的大小。所以必须大于数据库总数据文件的大小，否则会报错。RMAN-06183: datafile or datafile copy larger than MAXSETSIZE: file# 1 /data/oradata/system01.dbf3.设置备份片大小(磁带或文件系统限制)run allocate channel c1 type disk maxpi

20、cecsize 100m format /data/backup/full_0_%U_%T;backup database tag=full_0;release channel c1;可以在allocate子句中设定每个备份片的大小，以达到磁带或系统限制。也可以在configure中设置备份片大小。Configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 100 m;configure channel device type disk clear;4.备份集的保存策略backup database keep forever;-永久保留备份文件backup

21、database keep until time=sysdate+30; -保存备份30天5.重写configure exclude命令backup databas noexclude keep forever tag=test backup;6.检查数据库错误backup validate database;使用RMAN来扫描数据库的物理/逻辑错误，并不执行实际备份。7.跳过脱机，不可存取或只读文件backup database skip readonly;backup database skip offline;backup database skip inaccessible;backu

22、p database skip readonly skip offline skip inaccessible;8.强制备份backup database force;9.基于上次备份时间备份数据文件1只备份添加的新数据文件backup database not backed up;2备份在限定时间周期内没有被备份的数据文件backup database not backed up since time=sysdate-2;10.备份操作期间检查逻辑错误backup check logical database;backup validate check logical database;11

23、.生成备份副本backup database copies=2;12.备份控制文件backup database device type disk includ current controlfile;四、configure常用命令总结备忘4.1 显示当前的配置信息4.1.1 RMAN show all;RMAN 配置参数为:CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # defaultCONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # defaultCONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;

24、# defaultCONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # defaultCONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO %F; # defaultCONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # defaultCONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # defaultCONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG B

25、ACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # defaultCONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # defaultCONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # defaultCONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM AES128; # defaultCONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # defaultCONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO D:/ORACLE/PRODUCT

26、/10.2.0/DB_1/DATABASE/SNCFDBA.ORA; # default4.1.2 查询RMAN设置中非默认值:SQL select name,value from v$rman_configuration;4.2. 常用的configure选项4.2.1 保存策略 (retention policy)configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;configure retention policy to redundancy 5;configure retention policy clear;CONFIGUR

27、E RETENTION POLICY TO NONE;第一种recover window是保持所有足够的备份，可以将数据库系统恢复到最近七天内的任意时刻。任何超过最近七天的数据库备份将被标记为obsolete。第二种redundancy 是为了保持可以恢复的最新的5份数据库备份，任何超过最新5份的备份都将被标记为redundancy。它的默认值是1份。第三四：NONE 可以把使备份保持策略失效，Clear 将恢复默认的保持策略一般最安全的方法是采用第二种保持策略。4.2.2 备份优化 backup optimizationconfigure backup optimization on;con

28、figure backup optimization off;configure backup optimization clear;默认值为关闭，如果打开，rman将对备份的数据文件及归档等文件进行一种优化的算法。4.2.3 默认设备 default device typeconfigure default device type to disk;configure default device type to stb;configure default device type clear;是指定所有I/O操作的设备类型是硬盘或者磁带，默认值是硬盘磁带的设置是CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO SBT;4.3.4 控制文件 controlfileconfigure controlfile autobackup on;configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to /cfs01/backup/conf/conf_%F;configure controlfile autobackup clear;configrue controlfile autobackup