1、英语语言学练习题Supplementary exercisesChapter 1Introduction. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.2. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.3. A scientific study of language is ba
2、sed on what the linguist thinks. 4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. 5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. 6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other are
3、as, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study. 7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produ
4、ce meaningful sentences. 9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. 10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 11. The study
5、 of meaning in language is known as semantics. 12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. 13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context. 14. Social changes can often bring about language changes. 15. Sociolinguistics is the stud
6、y of language in relation to society. 16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 19. Modern linguistics regards the wri
7、tten language as primary, not the written language. 20. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 21. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal users k_ of the rules of his
8、 language. 22. Langue refers to the a_ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. 23. D_ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists
9、of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units. 24. Language is a system of a_ vocal symbols used for human communication. 25. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is calle
10、d s_. 26. Human capacity for language has a g_ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned. 27. P _ refers to the realization of langue in actual use. 28. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applicat
11、ions is generally known as a_ linguistics.29. Language is p_ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.30. Linguistics is genera
12、lly defined as the s _ study of language. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement: 31. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _. A. prescriptiveB. analytic C. descriptiveD. linguist
13、ic 32. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? A. ArbitrarinessB. Displacement C. DualityD. Meaningfulness 33. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _. A. primaryB. correct C. secondaryD. stable 34. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than w
14、riting, because _. A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue D. All of the above 35. A historical study of lang
15、uage is a _ study of language. A. synchronicB. diachronic C. prescriptiveD. comparative 36. Saussure took a(n) _ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a _ point of view. A. sociologicalpsychologicalB. psychologicalsociological C. appliedpragmaticD.semanticlinguistic 37. According to
16、 F. de Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the mem- bers of a speech community.A. paroleB. performance C. langueD. Language 38. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _ and meanings. A. senseB. sounds C. objectsD. ideas 39. Lang
17、uage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called _, A. displacementB. duality C. flexibilityD. cultural transmission40. The details of any language system is passed on from one generation to the next through _, rather than by instinct
18、. A. learningB. teaching C. booksD. both A and B . Define the following terms: 41. Linguistics42. Phonology43. Syntax44. Pragmatics 45. Psycholinguistics46. Language47. Phonetics48. Morphology49. Semantics50. Sociolinguistics51. Applied Linguistics52. Arbitrariness53. Productivity54. Displacement55.
19、 Duality56. Design Features 57. Competence58. Performance59. Langue60. Parole. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examples for illustration if necessary: 61. Language is generally defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human commu- nication. Explain
20、it in detail. 62. What are the design features of human language? Illustrate them with examples. 63. How is modern linguistics different from traditional grammar? 64. How do you understand the distinction between a synchronic study and a diachronic study? 65. Why does modern linguistics regard the s
21、poken form of language as primary, not the written? 66. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole?67. How do you understand competence and performance?68. Saussures distinction between langue and parole seems similar to Chomskys distinction between competence and performance. What do
22、 you think are their major differences?69. Do you think human language is entirely arbitrary? Why? Chapter 2Phonology. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. 2. If two phonetically
23、 similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in complementary distribution. 3. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning. 4. English is a tone language while Chinese is not. 5. In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing. 6. In
24、everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. 7. Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph.8. The articulatory appar
25、atus of a human being are contained in three important areas: the throat, the mouth and the chest. 9. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing. 10. English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raise
26、d the highest. 11. According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar. 12. Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the s
27、hape of the lips, and the length of the vowels. 13. According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels. 14. Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme. 15. Phones are the sounds that can distinguish meaning. 16. P
28、honology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories. 17. A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound for another results in a change of meaning.18. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound s
29、egment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast. 19. The rules governing the phonological patterning are language specific. 20. Distinctive features of sound segments can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. . Fil
30、l in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 21. A_ refers to a strong puff of air stream in the production of speech sounds.22. A_ phonetics describes the way our speech organs work to produce the speech sounds and how they differ. 23. The four sounds /p/, /b/
31、, /m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e., they are all b_ sounds.24. Of all the speech organs, the t_ is the most flexible, and is responsible for varieties of articulation than any other. 25. English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of p_ of articulation. 26. When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing o
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1