人教版丨八年级下册英语2单元词汇讲解及练习.docx

1、人教版丨八年级下册英语2单元词汇讲解及练习人教版丨八年级下册英语2单元词汇讲解及练习Unit2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.词汇讲解1. clean upclean up意为“打扫”，up为副词，此短语是动副型短语，如果宾语为代词，应放在短语中间；如果宾语是名词，可放于短语之间或两词之后。例如：Please clean up this street at once. 请马上把这条街打扫干净。This street is dirty. Please clean it up. 这条街道太脏了，请把它打扫干净。2. cheer upcheer up意为“变

2、得高兴，振奋起来”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语。cheer up既可作及物动词短语，也可作不及物动词短语。例如：He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him. 我同意帮助他时，他马上高兴起来。Cheer up! The news isnt too bad. 振作起来！这消息不是太坏。He took her to the cinema to cheer her up. 为了让她高兴，他带她去了电影院。【拓展】(1) cheer作不及物动词，意为“欢呼；喝彩”。例如：The girls cheered as the famous singer ar

3、rived.当这位著名的歌手到达时，女孩子们大声欢呼。(2) cheer作及物动词，意为“为欢呼，高呼”。例如：The whole village turned out to cheer the hero. 全村人都出来向那位英雄欢呼。(3) cheer作可数名词，意为“欢呼声；喝彩声”。例如：We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym. 我们在体育场外就能听到学生的欢呼声。(4) cheer on意为“为加油”。例如：We will have a basketball game this afternoon. Would you li

4、ke to come and cheer us on?我们今天下午有一场篮球比赛，你愿意来为我们加油吗？3. give outgive out意为“散发；分发”，相当于hand out，是“动词 + 副词”结构的短语动词。例如：Can you give the drinks out, please? 请你分发一下饮料好吗？【拓展】give out的不同含义：(1) give out表示“发出（光、热、声音、气味等）。”例如：The sun gives out light and heat to the earth. 太阳给大地光和热。(2) give out表示“用完；耗尽”。例如：Our f

5、ood supplies began to give out. 我们存的粮食要吃完了。4. put offput off意为“推迟”，是“动词 + 副词”结构的短语动词，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如：They put off the match because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨他们推迟了比赛。Please dont put off doing your homework. 请你们不要拖延做作业。 Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今天的事不要拖到明天办。【拓展】由put构成的常用短语有：

6、put away将收起来 put on穿上；上演put down放下，记下 put out熄灭；伸出put back放回原处 put up张贴；搭建5. noticenotice在课文中作可数名词，意为“公告牌；布告”。例如：There is a notice on the wall, saying “No Parking”.墙上的告示上写着“禁止停车”。Ill put up a notice about the meeting. 我将会贴一张会议通告。【拓展】(1) notice作不可数名词，意为“注意”。例如：Take notice of what they say. 注意听他们说。(2)

7、 notice作动词，意为“注意到，留心，看到”。例如：Did you notice Jack come in? 你注意到杰克进来了吗？Did you notice his hand shaking? 你注意到他的手在抖吗？6. lonelylonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感情色彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。When his wife died, he was very lonely. 太太死后他非常孤独。The old man lived in the lonely mountain village. 那个老人住在荒凉的山村。【拓展】lo

8、nely与alone的辨析：lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如：Dont leave me alone. I will feel lonely. 别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。7. raiseraise是及物动词，意为“筹集”。常用短语：raise sth. for sb./ sth.意为“为某人/物 而筹集”。例如：We raise money for Hope Project. 我们为希望工程筹钱。【拓展】(1) rais

9、e作及物动词，意为“提升，举起，升起”。例如：raise ones hand举手raise ones glasses to sb. 举杯祝福某人raise prices涨价(2) raise作及物动词，还可意为“种植；饲养；培养；抚养”。例如：Their family raised much corn. 他们家种了很多玉米。8. repairrepair是及物动词，意为“修理；修补；修缮（房屋等）”。例如：He repairs old furniture. 他修理旧家具。【拓展】repair, mend与fix的辨析repair比fix或mend正式，常用来表示修补破损或有洞的东西。Mary

10、repaired the radio just for the fun of it. 玛丽修理收音机只是围栏消遣。mend着重指修补衣服上的洞，道路，屋顶或围栏等。My mother mended clothes for me yesterday. 昨天我妈妈为我缝补衣服。fix侧重于“安装”，有时也可用作“修理”，常用来指修理机器、车辆等。The workers are fixing the machine. 工人们在安装机器。9. imagineimagine是动词，意为“想象，推测”，后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语，常用于结构：imagine doing sth. 想象做某事。例

11、如：We cant imagine whatChinawill be like in the future. 我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。I cant imagine leaving all my friends. 我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。No one can imagine what would happen next.没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。练一练：I. 英汉互译。1. 打扫干净_2. cheer up_3. used to do sth. _4. make a difference _5. come up with _ _6. 用光，用完_7. put off_9. gi

12、ve up _10. 张贴_II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。1. The old man lived a_ after his wife died. He felt very lonely.2. My younger sister looks very sad. Lets go and c_ her up.3. My uncle has a large house and he is the o_ of the house.4. They held a concert to r_ money for Project Hope.5. She wants to he a _(志愿者

13、).6. There are _(几个) girls in the room. They are talking about the vacation plans.7. They have a strong feeling of _(满足).8. My alarm clock doesnt work. Who can help me r_ it? You can ask Tony for help.9. Please o_ the window and let the fresh air in.10. I cant _(想象) what the future life is like.III.

14、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Staying with animals often gives me a _(feel) of fear.2. Tom is the _(own) of the car. He has had it for two months.3. He smiled in _(satisfied) when he won the game.4. The players are in _(train) for the next flight.5. Everybody felt _(excite) when they heard of the good news.6.

15、 She had _(difficult) finding the way to the museum.7. Everybody should try to help the _(disable).8. I will never forget your _(kind).参考答案I. 英汉互译。1. clean up 2. 变得高兴；振奋起来 3. 过去常常做某事 4. 影响；有作用5. 想出 6. run out of 7. 推迟 8. help sb. (to) do sth. 9. 放弃 10. put upII. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。1. alone 2. cheer 3. owner 4. raise5. volunteer 6. several 7. satisfaction8. repair 9. open 10. imagineIII. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. feeling 2. owner 3. satisfaction4. training 5. excited6. difficulty 7. disabled 8. kindness