情态动词说课稿.docx

1、情态动词说课稿情态动词说课稿 一、说教材:1.位置和内容:这是初中的一个较重要也有难度的知识点，作为动词中的一类，以及虚拟语气中必定会用到的情态动词。如何使用情态动词can(could),must,haveto,may(might)，will（would）shall（should）,need,had better等是本次课程的重点内容。教学内容是介绍情态动词的定义、特点、以及最重要的用法；最后加以练习进行巩固。2教学重点:学会运用情态动词can(could), must,have to, may(might),shall（should）,will(would),need,had better等

2、的用法以及各个相近情态动词间的区分。3教学难点:各个情态动词的用法区分。二、说教学目标：1.知识目标：要求学生掌握使用表示猜测的情态动词。2.能力目标：学会情态动词在实际生活中的运用，会用，用正确。3.情感目标：让学生爱上英语课堂,鼓励他们学习英语的自信心。4.学习策略目标：设法使学生掌握使用英语进行造句，增强上课的积极性。三.说教学过程：步骤1-检测预习与复习（目的是导入情态动词的用法和特点）由简短的师生对话引入要教的情态动词：Teacher:Can you play the piano?Student:Yes,Ican.And you?Teacher:No,Icant.But I can

3、play the flute. 然后让学生注意这里面都有一个can，这个时候它的意思是什么以及在这里的作用及用法怎样，由此导入主题。步骤2 解释情态动词：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语；情态动词的特点：1、情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只能表示期待或估计发生的事情；2、情态动词除：have to以外，后面只能接不带to的不定式；3、情态动词没有人称，数的变化（have to除外，即情态动词第三人称不加s;4、情态动词没有非谓语形式，既没有不定式，分词等形式；5、情态动词不能单独使用而必须跟后面的动词原

4、形构成谓语。6.情态动词位置:情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。步骤3 情态动词的用法。常见的情态动词有can(could), must,have to, may(might),will(would)，shall（should）,need,had better等.1. can与could1）表示能力Eg:I can dance, four eyes can see more than two.(一道厦门市中考题)：You neednt write letters to your cousin,you chat with h

5、er by QQ instead.A.must B.have to C.canCan只有一般现在时和一般过去时（一般过去时用could） Eg:Could Merlin read before she went to school.这女孩上学期能识字吗？注：当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用can。另外，can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。如：She was able to get high grade after studying hard.2)表示请求和允许。-Can I go now? -Yes

6、,you can./No,you cant.此时可以用could代替。与can的区别：can表示一般的请求，语气较随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈，上级对下级的场合；could表示礼貌地请求，语气更委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈，下级对上级的场合。如：-Could I help you? -Yes,you can./No,I am afraid not.注意：提出委婉的请求时，在回答中不可用could。 Could I have the television on? Yes, you can. / No, you can3)表示推测，可能性（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和

7、感叹句中。Where can(could) she have gone to?She cant (couldnt) be over 16. How can you be so careless?2Must，have to1)must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要.must只要一般现在时，have to有更多的形式。The play isnt interesting,I really must go now.I had to work when I was your age.08年中考题）-I cant give up smoking,doctor.-For your hea

8、lth,I am afraid you_.A.may B.can C.have to2)表示必须，必要。We must do everything steo by step.我们做什么都得循序渐进地做。在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用must,(不准，禁止)而用neednt,dont have to(不必)。-Must we hand in our exercise books today?-Yes,you must. -No,you dont have to/you neednt.3)表示推测、可能性（只用于陈述句中）a. must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为一定。b. mu

9、st表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。变反意疑问句时，用be的适当形式You have worked hard all day.You must be tired，arent you ？你辛苦干一整天，一定累了，是吗？ He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。比较：He must be staying there.他现在肯定呆在那里。 He must stay there.他必须呆在那。c. must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式,即must have do

10、ne。变反意疑问句时，若有过去时间状语时，用didnt;若没有时间状语时，用hasn或havent.I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep, havent I ?我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了,是吗？d. must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接现在完成进行时,即must have been doing sth。Why didnt you answer my phone call?Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didnt hear it.e. 否定推测用 cant。If

11、 Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。You are Toms good friend,so you must know what he likes best.Your mother must be waiting for you now.09中考题）Look at Mary,she keeps walking here and there before talking in front of class.she_be very nervous.A.cant B.mu

12、st C.need注意：mustnt表示禁止，You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。3.may,might1)表示请求和允许。might 比may 更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答可用cant或mustnt.表示“不可以，禁止“。-May/Might I smoke in this room?-No,you mustnt.-May/Might I take this book out of the room.-Yes.you can.(No,you can

13、t/mustnt)用may I ？征询对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I ?在口语中更常见。2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!May God bless you!3)表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句中）might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。He may/might be busy now.Your mother may/might not know the truth.Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. mustB. mayC. canD. will答案B. 表可能性只能用m

14、ay.此句意可从后半句推出。4Will,would1)表示提建议，请求等的委婉语气。Will/would you pass me the ball,please?2)表示意志、愿望和决心。I will never do that again.They asked him if he would go abroad.3)would 表示过去反复发生的动作和某种倾向.would表示过去习惯比used to正式，而且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。During the vacation,he would visit ne every the other day.4)表示估计和猜想。It would be

15、 about ten oclock when she left home.5.should(shall)a.1）should,表示“应该”。I should help her because she is in trouble.2)表示劝告、建议和命令。You shoud go to class right away.Shoukd I open the window?3)表示推测Should(主观推测)，must(客观推测)He must be home by now。（断定他已到家）He should be home by now.（不太肯定）This is where the oil mu

16、st be.（直爽）This is where the oil should be.(含蓄)b.1)shall表征询意见或提建议，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？2)shall用于第二，第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺，决心或威胁。You shall do what I say(命令)You shall fail id you dont workd hard.(警告)H

17、e shall have the book when I finish it.（允诺）He shall be punished.(威胁)Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.(决心)注意：情态动词must, may , might, could, may , cant表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断但他们含义有所不同，对过去推测时后加完成时形式 must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性) may, might, could有可能，也许 (20%-80的可能性)cant 不可能，不会 (可能性几乎为零

18、)表示推测的情态动词：must, can, could, may, might等，且语气由左向右依次减弱。中考常考can、may和must。可总结为：can不肯，may不问，must肯定不否问。6need 需要，当作情态动词时， 多用在否定式或疑问句中. -Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? 我需要明天参加会议吗? -Yes,you must./No,you neednt.(注意与must引导的一般疑问句回答完全一样)You need not hand in the paper this week. 这一周你不必交论文。 注意：need 是一个情态动词, 他

19、的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的不定式或动词的现在分词形式。 区别：不定式表主动现在分词表被动，此时need doing = need to be doneI need to go to school. 我需要去上学。 Do you need a dictionary?你需要词典吗? The blackboard needs cleaning .=The blackboard needs to be cleaned.7had better表示最好had better 相当于一个助动词

20、，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sthhad better not do sth典型例题分析：1.Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes, of course, you_.A. mightB. willC. canD. should答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。2.Shall I tell John abo

21、ut it?No, you _. Ive told him already.A. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. shouldnt答案A。neednt 不必，不用。 wouldnt 将不, 不会的。 mustnt 禁止、不能。 shouldnt不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用neednt。 3. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow._.A. I dontB.I wontC. I cantD. I havent答案B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表意愿、意志、决心，本题表示决

22、心，选B。 4.Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?Sorry, I am not sure. It _ be. (湖北卷)A. might B. will C. must D. can【分析】答案选A。由I am not sure(我没有把握)可知，后文是没有把握的肯定推测，用might。5.Isnt that Anns husband over there? No, it _ be himIm sure he doesnt wear glasses. (全国卷)A. cant B. must not C. wontD.

23、 may not【分析】答案选A。由No和后文Im sure可知，是有把握的否定推测，所以用cant (不可能)。6.When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00. (全国卷)A. canB. should C. mightD. need【分析】答案选B。should表示“按理应当，大概”。用might语气太不肯定，顾客可能走掉。7. I have lost one of my gloves. I _ somewhere. (北京春)A. must drop B.

24、 must have droppedC. must be droppingD. must have been dropped【分析】答案选B。对已经发生的事进行推测用“must have +过去分词”，答案D是被动式，应排除。8.I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. (全国卷)A. could have stayedB. could stay C. would stayD. must have stayed 【分析】答案选A。表示对过去情况的推测：“你可能和Barbara住在一起了”；mu

25、st语气太肯定，与前面具有疑问语气的Oh, did you?不符。9.There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. (全国卷)A. cant beB. shouldnt be C. mustnt have beenD. couldnt have been【分析】答案选D。既然小汽车上“已有五人”，且是“设法”才把你带去的，如此拥挤，旅途当然“不可能”舒服。10.Tom graduated from college at a ve

26、ry young age. Oh, he _ have been a very smart boy then. (全国III)A. couldB. should C. mightD. must【分析】答案选D。由上文可知，应是有把握的肯定推测，用must(一定)。11.You _ be tiredyouve only been working for an hour. (四川卷)A. must notB. wont C. cantD. may not【分析】答案选C。由后文“你才只工作了一个小时”推断，“你不可能就累了”。表示有把握的否定推测，用cant。must not不允许；may not

27、可能不。12.Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. (全国卷)A. mustB. need C. shouldD. can【分析】答案选C。nearly暗示“时间不早了”，“按理应当(should)”Jack“随时(at any moment)”都有可能到达这里。must又语气过强；can一般不用于肯定推测；need意义不通，也不用于肯定句。13.I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. (全国卷)A. must beB. must have been C. should beD. shoul

28、d have been【分析】答案选B。当时我没不听到电话铃响，那“一定是己经睡着了。14.Is John coming by train?He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. (全国卷)A. must B. can C. needD. may【分析】答案选D。由“他自己喜欢开车”这一习惯推断，“他可能不会(may not)坐火车来”。can not“不可能”，语气太肯定。15.Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. (全国卷)A. mustB. can C

29、. mayD. will【分析】答案选C。由but he isnt very sure. (但他没有把握)可知，Peter晚上来的可能性是不大的。表示没有把握的肯定推测用may(也许)。16.Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. (全国卷)A. mustB. would C. shouldD. might【分析】答案选D。由Im not sure可知，“我可能(might)要去听音乐会”17.Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. (上海卷)A. needntB. cant C. shouldD. may【分析】答案选B。由hes too short推知，Michael“不可能(cant)”是 policeman。四、说教法、学法：a教法：1.由浅入深法（见教学过程） 2综合比较法（两两比较）3、总结顺口溜法b.学法：1. 在语境中分析学习，强化巩固知识；（见典型例题分析）2加强训练法（