41重点词汇短语细解高二英语上学期人教版选修六同步复习.docx

1、41重点词汇短语细解高二英语上学期人教版选修六同步复习重点词汇短语细解一、重点词汇细解1. phenomenon n. 現象；奇迹，罕见的人才或事物(pl. phenomena)【教材原句】There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 毫无疑问，地球正在变暖，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。【

2、归纳拓展】the phenomena of nature 自然现象a social phenomenon 社会现象例：(1)Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather. 雨雪是天气现象。(2)Beethoven was a phenomenon among musicians. 贝多芬是音乐家中的天才。2. subscribe vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅 vt. （签署）文件；捐助【教材原句】All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earths temperature i

3、s due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. 所有的科学家都赞同这种观点：地球温度的升高是由于为了产生能量而燃烧煤炭、天然气和石油等化石燃料。【归纳拓展】subscriber (杂志等)订购者，订阅者；(手机、电话等)用户；捐助者，资助者subscribe to 同意，赞成；订购subscribe sth. to 捐助subscribe for 认购(书籍等)即学即练(1)完成句子I _ a Weekly Womens magazine. 我订了一份妇女周刊。The

4、_ you dialed is powered off. 您拨打的用户已关机。He did not _ my proposal. 他不赞同我的建议。He _ 10,000 yuan _ the charity every year. 他每年向慈善机构捐献10,000元。He _ his name _ a petition. 他在请愿书上签名。【答案】subscribed tosubscribersubscribe tosubscribes；tosubscribed; to【解析】本题主要考察subscribe的用法(2)根据语境选出动词subscribe的词义：(A)订阅、(B)签署(文件)、

5、(C)赞助；定期捐款、(D)同意。I was unwilling to subscribe to the contract, but it seemed that I had no choice. _Dont go and ask for her idea about our plan. Never will she subscribe to it for the trip. _Id like to subscribe to some magazines useful for our work. _They subscribe to the Hope Project, which aims t

6、o help children return to school. _【答案】B D A C【解析】本题主要考察subscribe的用法3. tend vi. 趋向；易于；照顾 vt. 照顾；护理tendency n. 倾向；趋势（常与to/towards连用）【教材原句】It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. 这意味着更多的热量将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。【归纳拓展】tend to do sth. 倾向

7、于做某事tend towards/to 倾向于；趋于tend sb./sth. 照顾，护理某人/某物例：People under stress tend to express their full range of potential. 处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。Prices are tending upward. 物价在上涨。The woman stayed at home to tend her child. 那个妇女待在家里照料她的孩子。Most of boys tend to enjoy playing basketball. 大部分男孩都喜欢打篮球。The older w

8、omen tend to believe in strangers easily. 老人更容易轻信陌生人。Nowadays there is a growing tendency for people to shop on internet. 如今人们网上购物有增加的趋势即学即练I never forget the days when I was _ by the villagers when I was wounded.A. tended B. observed C. monitored D. cared【答案】A 4. oppose vt. 反对；反抗；与（某人）较量【教材原句】On th

9、e other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.【归纳拓展】oppose A against/to B 使A与B相对抗oppose doing sth. 反对做某事be opposed to 反对as opposed to 与相对照；而非即学即练(1)完成句子The king couldnt bear anyone

10、to _. 国王不能忍受任何人反抗他。The father _ his sons marriage. 爸爸反对儿子的婚事。He _ the proposal to build a new hall. 他反对修建新礼堂的建议。Do not _ your will _ mine. 不要用你的意愿和我的相抗衡。She seems very much _ your going abroad. 她好像很反对你出国。【答案】oppose himis opposed toopposedoppose；againstopposed to【解析】本题主要考察oppose的用法(2)翻译句子我反对你单独去那儿。(o

11、ppose)_爱与恨是相对立的。(opposed)_【答案】2 I oppose you/your going there alone.Love is opposed to hate.【解析】本题主要考察oppose的用法5. range n. 种类；范围；vt. 排列，归类于【教材原句】It will encourage a greater range of animalsall of which will make life for human beings better. 它会有利于更多动物的生存所有这些都会改善人类的生活。【归纳拓展】a wide range of 一系列a full

12、range of 各种in/within range 在射程以内；在范围内beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范围外in/out of the range of 在/超出的范围out of ones range 某人能力达不到的；某人知识以外的range fromto 在范围内变动；包括（由到）之间的各类事物range betweenand 在和范围内变动即学即练(1)完成句子In addition to these traditional activities, we have _ choices such as travelling. 除了这些传统的活动外，我们有更广泛的选

13、择，比如旅游等。The price of the car _ 20,000 dollars to 30,000 dollars, which is _. 这种车的价格从2万美元到3万美元不等，这超出了他的购买能力。The child was now _ of vision. 这孩子现在走出了她的视线。There is _ activities for children. 有给孩子们提供的各种活动。Estimates of the damage _ $1 million _ $5 million. 估计损失在100万到500万美元之间。She has had a number of differ

14、ent jobs, _ chef _ swimming instructor. 她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。【答案】a wider range ofranges from；out of his rangeout of her rangea full range ofrange between；andranging from；to【解析】本题主要考察range的相关短语(2)写出下列句中range的含义He spent a whole morning ranging his books on the shelf. _This weapon can kill at a range of

15、 200 yards. _Several cars are available within this price range. _The factory makes a whole range of tools. _【答案】排列射程3 范围4 种类【解析】本题主要考察range的含义6. average adj. 平均的；普通的 n. 平均；平均数【教材原句】The greenhouse effect gives the earths surface the average temperature of 15. 温室效应导致地球表面的平均温度达到15。【归纳拓展】above the aver

16、age 高于平均水平below the average在一般水平以下on the average平均，按平均数计算；一般地说on average 平均地；通常an average of 的平均数up to average 达到平均数例：The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen. 这个班男生的平均年龄为十五岁。It was an average piece of work. 那是一件普通的作品。The average man is not interested in this subject. 普通人一般对这个题目不感兴趣。Two

17、students are absent each day on average.平均每天有两个学生缺席。即学即练选词填空(ordinary/average/normal/common）(1)Though she is CEO of a big company, she is a(n) _ woman in the eyes of her families.(2)Relations between the two countries have been restored to _.(3)Its a _ bag, and you can find it in every store.(4)Lett

18、erboxes are much more _ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.【答案】(1)average(2)normal(3)common(4)ordinary【解析】本题主要考察average, normal, common和ordinary的区别7. advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张；n. 支持者；拥护者；提倡者【教材原句】However, I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use

19、 energy today. 然而，我仍然认为人们应该提倡改善我们今天使用能源的方式。【归纳拓展】It is advocated that 主张，提倡advocate doing 主张做an advocate of/for 支持的人例：He was a strong advocate of free market policies and the multiparty system.他是自由市场政策和多党派制度的坚决拥护者。Mr. Williams is a conservative who advocates fewer government controls on business.威廉斯

20、先生是个保守派，主张政府应减少对商业的控制。注意：advocate后不跟不定式，跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气(should)do。即学即练用所给词的适当形式填空。(1)The Chinese government advocates _(live) a lowcarbon lifestyle. (2)It is advocated that they _(reduce) military spending.【答案】(1)living(2)(should) reduce【解析】本题主要考察advocate的用法8. circumstance n. 环境；情况【教材原句】Recycle cans,

21、bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. 如果情况允许，回收罐、瓶、塑料袋和报纸。【归纳拓展】in/under no circumstances 决不neverin/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然这样in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许例：The strategy was too dangerous in the explosive circumstances of

22、 the time.在当时那种一触即发的形势下，采取那样的策略太危险了。I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.我真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的。即学即练(1)_, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。(2)_should you lend him any money.你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。(3)_, Id like to start tomorrow. 如果情况允许，我想明天开始。【答案】(1)Und

23、er the circumstances(2)Under no circumstances(3)If circumstances allow/permit【解析】本题主要考察circumstance的用法9. refresh vt. (使)精神振作，(使)精力恢复，更新【教材原句】Plant trees in your garden or your schoolyard, as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them. 在你的花园或校园里种植树木，因为它们会从空气

24、中吸收二氧化碳，当你看它们的时候会使你精神振作。例：(1)When tired, you can refresh yourself with a cup of tea. 困时喝杯茶提神。(2)Refresh storage battery in case of being out of energy halfway. 给蓄电池充电以免半路没电。(3)The host refreshed our teacups. 主人又为我们斟茶。二、重点短语细解1. come about 发生；产生【教材原句】So how has this come about and does it matter? 那么这

25、种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢?会产生什么影响吗?【明辨异同】辨析come about/happen/take place/break out/occurcome about“发生；产生”，指要求解释或说明事情发生的理由。happen“发生”，常用词汇，指偶然的、意外的、具体客观事物的发生或出现，尤其指自发的未能预见的事情的发生。take place“发生”，指事件或事故的发生是在预料中的并非偶然的，进而引申为按计划“进行；举行”。break out指战争、火灾、地震、疾病等的突然“发生，爆发”。occur多指意想不到的事情的发生；常用句型It occurred to sb. that ；It o

26、ccurred to sb. to do ；意为“某人突然想到”。即学即练选词填空(come about，happen，take place，break out，occur)(1)Luckily the earthquake didnt _ in the center of the city.(2)Great changes have _ in Guangzhou since Asian Games.(3)The revolution has _ through the application of computer science.(4)A fire _ during the night,

27、which caused a lot of damage.(5)Suddenly, it _ me that I forgot to lock the door when I left home.【答案】(1)happen(2)taken place(3)come about(4)broke out(5)occurred to【解析】本题主要考察happn, take place, come about, break out和occur to的区别2. quantities of 大量的【教材原句】The problem begins when we add huge quantities o

28、f extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 当我们向大气中添加大量的二氧化碳时，问题就开始了。【归纳拓展】in quantity/in large quantities 大量的in small quantities 少量的a quantity of或quantities of都意为“大量的”，后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词。“a quantity of名词”作主语时，谓语动词根据其后的名词而定，跟可数名词复数时谓语动词用复数，跟不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。而quantities of后无论跟可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词一律用复数。例：Quantities of apples were on the table. 桌子上有很多苹果。Huge quantities of oil were shipped to Japan last year. 去年大量的石油被海运到日本。A large quantity of air conditioners have been sold since the summer came.入夏以来，已有大量的空调售出。即学即练单项填空(1)_ information _ stored in this computer.A. Large quantities of; h