译林牛津高二英语重点词汇讲解.docx

1、译林牛津高二英语重点词汇讲解译林牛津高二英语重点词汇讲解U1重点词汇讲解1. vain adj. 自负的；自视过高的e.g. He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym.他对自己的外表很自负，在健身房里一呆就是好几个小时。adj. 不成功的；无用的；徒劳的e.g. They made a vain attempt to protect the town from attack. 他们企图保护这个镇不受攻击，结果没有成功。 in vain没有成功；徒劳 e.g. We walked a couple of blocks, look

2、ing in vain for a cab. 我们走了两三个街区寻找出租车，但没找到。 2. wisdom n. 智慧；学识；明智e.g. One can not have wisdom without living life. 一个人不经历生活不可能有智慧。In those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations.在那些朴实的谚语中蕴含着几代人集体智慧的结晶。wise adj. 聪明的，英明的，明智的 3. abuse v. 虐待；凌辱e.g. Prisoners reported being regul

3、arly abused by their guards. 囚犯们举报说他们遭到了看守经常性的虐待。v. 滥用；妄用e.g. They were accused of abusing their power to keep prices artificially high. 他们被控滥用权力，人为地太高物价。v. 辱骂e.g. He was fined $ 10,000 for verbally abusing the judge. 他因恶言辱骂裁判被罚款10,000美元。4. adaptation n. 适应， 改编， 改写本；适应e.g. The play is an adaptation

4、of a short novel. 这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。 I bought my son an adaptation for children of a play by Shakespeare. 我给我儿子买了为儿童改编的莎士比亚剧本。adapt vt. 使适应，改编 adopt vt. 采用，收养adapted themselves to city life 使他们适应城市生活adopt a new technique 采用新技术5. twist vt. 使转弯，使扭曲，曲解，歪曲 vi. 扭弯，扭曲，缠绕，扭动，呈螺旋形e.g. String is made of thread

5、s twisted together. 绳子是由卷捻在一起做成的。The path twisted up the hill. 这条小路盘绕在小山上。to twist the handle 转动把手Twist the lid to open it. 拧这盖儿打开它。n. 转弯，弯曲，曲折路 a twist of fate命运的扭转 a story with a quirky twist 跌宕起伏的故事twist of the wrist 巧妙的手法twist off 扭断；扭拧开twist up 把卷成螺旋形；扭弯；歪曲twists and turns 迂回曲折之处；各个角落；精微处6. for

6、tune n. 财富，运气，大量财产，好运，命运 e.g. She had the good fortune to be free from illness. 她运气好，没得病。Through all his changing fortunes, he never lost courage. 任凭命运变换，他从不丧失勇气。It is also believed that it will bring good fortune in the coming year. 而且，据说放鞭炮还能为人们在新的一年里带来好运气。Fortune smiled on him. 他万事如意。make a fortu

7、ne / make ones fortune 发财致富 seek ones fortune 找出路try ones fortune 碰运气7. desperate adj. 绝望的 e.g. The missing mans family are getting increasingly desperate. . 失踪者的家人越来越绝望。adj. 孤注一掷的e.g. In a desperate attempt to escape, he killed the guard. 他孤注一掷想逃走，便杀死了警卫。 adj. 极需要的；及向往的 desperate for e.g. They were

8、 sold by families desperate for money to buy food. 它们是由极需要钱来购买食品的家庭出售的。 be desperate to do sth. e.g. He was desperate to see her again. 他非常想再见到她。 adj. 非常严重的e.g. Parts of this school are in desperate need of repair. 这所学校的一些地方急需维修。desperately adv. 绝望地；拼命地；非常；很8. civil adj. 有教养的，文明的，公民的，国内的 e.g. Be civ

9、il to the headmaster. 对校长要礼貌些。Keep a civil tongue in your head! Dont speak rudely! 说话要文明有礼! be civil to 对有礼貌 say sth. civil说奉承恭维话9. bent adj. 决意的，极想的，下决心的e.g. be bent on 一心想要，决心要；专心致志于He was bent on making them happy. 他决心要让他们开心。All eyes were bent on me. 大家都把目光投向我。bend v. 弯曲，屈服动词过去式：bent；过去分词：bent；现在

10、分词：bending；第三人称单数：bendse.g. It is possible to bend nature to human will? 有可能让大自然服从人类的意志吗?She bent (over) to pick up a book from the floor. 她弯腰从地板上捡起一本书。10. fancy adj. 华而不实的，花哨的，高档的，极好的a fancy hat精美的帽子e.g. paid a fancy price for the car. 以过高的价格买下一辆汽车。I hate the fancy education especially in our schoo

11、l. 我讨厌华而不实的教育，尤其在我们学校。11. reform n. 改革， 改善e.g. The reform and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colourful life. 改革开放的政策给我们中国人民带来了富裕和多彩的生活。vt. 改革， 革新， 重新组成 vi.革新， 改过， 重组to reform criminals 改造罪犯 to reform society 改革社会12. pressure n. 压，压力，电压，压迫，强制，紧迫 e.g. Do not put much pressure on

12、the handle, it may break. 不要在把柄上太用力了，它会坏的。 He works well under pressure. 他在有压力的情况下工作很出色。 put pressure on sb. 对施加压力= pressure under the pressure of 在压力下 at high pressure 紧张的，用力的 work at high pressure紧张工作13. threat n. 恐吓，凶兆，威胁 e.g. The threat of war has depressed business activity. 战争的危胁使商业变得不景气。He to

13、ok no notice of his fathers threat. 他不理会他父亲的恐吓。threaten vt. 恐吓，威胁 threatened threatening14. resist vt. 抵抗，反抗，抗，忍得住 e.g. She could hardly resist laughing. 她真忍不住要笑。I was unable to resist laughing. 我忍不住笑了。resist aggression 抵抗侵略 resist temptation不受引诱the power to resist disease 抗拒疾病的能力 resistance n. 反抗，抵

14、抗，抵抗力 make some no resistance 进行不抵抗15. kick v. 踢 e.g. Dont kick the ball into the road. 不要把球踢到马路上。The baby was lying on its back, kicking its legs in the air. 婴儿平躺着，两腿向空中踢。 n. 踢 e.g. If the door wont open, give it a kick. 如果门开不开的话，就踢它一脚。16. spin v. 旋转， 纺， 纺纱e.g. The wheels of the car were spinning.

15、小汽车的轮子飞速旋转。 The heavy blow sent the enemy spinning to the ground. 猛烈的一击打得敌人昏头转向，倒在地上。spin sb. round 使某人很快转身17. mistaken adj. 犯错的， 错误的e.g. If you thought he intended to be impolite, you were mistaken. 如果你认为他是故意粗鲁无礼，那你就误会了。 You are mistaken about him. 你错看了他了。(你误会他了。)18. reputation n. 名声 a man of good/

16、high reputation 很有声望的人has/earn a reputation for 以出名 e.g. He did not have a good reputation in his hometown. 他在家乡的名声不好。19. debt n.债务， 罪过e.g. If I pay all my debts I shall have no money left. 如果我偿清了所有的债，我就一分钱不剩了。 Debts of blood must be paid in blood. 血债要用血来偿。in debt欠债 owe a debt欠债 pay ones debts偿付债款pa

17、y off debts 还清欠债 debt of gratitude 恩情20. mourn v. 哀悼， 忧伤， 服丧 e.g. She mourned for her dead child. 她哀悼她那死去的孩子。 mourn for over the dead 哀悼 死者21. intend v. 打算；想要intend to do sth. e.g. What do you intend to do about this? 你打算对这个怎么办？be intended for 打算供之用；是为而准备的e.g. The posts are intended for students who

18、 have recently completed a first degree in biology. 这些职位是为那些最近完成了生物学第一学位的学生准备的。练习：一、根据单词的首字母或汉语意思填空。1. Many people were g_ enough to donate enough money to the people in the disaster regions.2. The play is an a_ of a short novel.3. Anns uncle died suddenly, leaving all his f_ to her.4. He was v_ abo

19、ut his looks, spending hours in the gym.5. Prisoners reported being regularly a_ by their guards. 6. Keep a c_ tongue in your head! Dont speak rudely. 7. The _ (曲折) in the plot is always the attraction to literature lovers.8. Parts of this school are in d_ need of repair.9. John is b_ on getting the

20、 first place in the following race.10. The a_ chair was made in 1628.11. Better be envied than p_ (怜悯).12. This is a new kind of glassware that r_ heat.13. He became famous nationwide o_.14. The crew of the tanker were r_ just minutes before it sank in heavy seas. 15. Mother Teresa, who won the Nobe

21、l Prize, has earned her r_ for kind help to the poor people in India.16. The posts are i_ for students who have recently completed a first degree in biology.二、选词填空。let out far from free from would rather than be lost to be bent ongather dust on the shelf come out be adapted from live up to 1. My gui

22、tar has just been _ since I injured my hand.2. Many films _ classic works.3. A lot of new books _ every day. 4. By the death of Ba Jin, one of Chinas greatest writers _ the world.5. This is a secret. Who has _ it _?6. The breathtakingly beautiful scenery certainly _ expectations.7. This maths proble

23、m is_ easy. In fact, it is difficult.8. He _winning at all costs.9. When her son returned, she was _ anxiety.10. I _ play tennis _ watch TV.三、单项选择。1. First, it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from . (2005 湖北)A. everyone else B. the

24、 other C. someone else D. the rest2. I hear they arent pleased with the house youve chosen for them.Well, _ could they live in such comfort? (2003北京春)A. where else B. what else C. how D. why3. If this dictionary is not yours, _ can it be? (2001全国春)A. what else B. who else C. which elses D. who elses

25、4. Victor certainly cares too much about himself.Yes. Hes never interested in what _ is doing. (2005 重庆)A. no one else B. anyone else C. someone else D. nobody else5. I dont think weve met before. Youre taking me for _. (2005 安徽)A. some other B. someone else C. other person D. one other6. I will nev

26、er know what was on his mind at the time, nor will_. (2004 江苏) A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else7. To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train _ travel by air. (2004 全国)A. as B. to C. than D. while8. Have you got used to your school life here?Yes, but I don

27、t like _ when we have to do exercises on cold winter mornings.A. That B. it C. those D. this 9. A monument _ the great poet was erected in St Pauls Cathedral. A. to B. of C. for D. about10. Seans strong love for his country is _ in his recently published poems. A. relieved B. reflected C. responded

28、D. recovered11. It has been revealed that some government leaders _ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves. A. employ B. take C. abuse D. overlook12. We dont want to _ pressure you to make a decision, but we havent much time left. A. put; to B. place; on C. put; on D. pla

29、ce; to 13. The soldiers resisted _. A. being carried off by diseases B. to be carried off by diseases C. to carry off by diseases D. carrying off by diseases14. The sort of music he listens to varies, but _ popular music. A. tended to B. tends towards C. tended at D. tends at15. He is _ learning Eng

30、lish well. A. bent to B. bent on C. bending to D. bending on16. Im badly _, for there is no one that can be relied on. A. let down B. let on C. let out D. let off17. Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus, _? A. hadnt you B. wouldnt you C. arent I D. didnt she18. We should have _ him, because he had his money stolen. A. pity for B. pity on C. a pity on D. the pity with19. The fortune _ him _ from fi