初一历史 78课.docx

1、初一历史 78课高中英语基础知识提升复习训练 第一部分 动词时态和语态 一、动词时态练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Look! It _ (rain) hard. It seldom _(rain) during this month of a year. 2. He _ (break) his leg when he _ (play) in a football match against another school. 3. I dont know when Suzan _ (return) , but when she _ (return) , I _ (let) you know

2、.4. We _ (send) for a doctor if you _ (be not) better this afternoon. 5.She felt happy, for she _ (be given) a gold medal for what she _ (do) for the country. 6. The fireman _ (go) towards the fire, which _ still _ (smoke) then . 7. While my father _ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly _ (

3、let) out a cry of surprise. 8. My uncle _ (come) to see us. He _ (arrive) here a few days ago. He _ (leave) for Sydney tomorrow morning. 9. When I _ (enter) the room, he _ (not see) me. For he _ (read) something with great interest.10.We found the task _ (be) much harder than we _ (expect) .11. My s

4、ister_ (learn) English since she _ (be) a child. She _ (speak)English very fluently(流畅) now. 12. - I am sorry I _ (keep) you waiting so long. - It is all right. I _ (read) the newspapers.13. They promised that they _ (bring) us all the necessary books as soon as they _ (have) a chance.14. - I cant f

5、ind my glasses. _ you _ (see) them? - Yes. You _ (leave) them in the car yesterday. 15. Please wake me up if I _ still _ (sleep) when you _ (come) home. 16. - I _ (not see ) you for ages! Where _ you _ (be) - I _ (be) to Scotland. 17. I cant open the door. I _ (lose) my key. I _ (lose) it while I _

6、(be ) out. 18. CCTV _ (broadcast) English programs ever since 1977. 二、动词语态练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.learn: a. Paul doesnt have to be made _ anything, he always works hard.b. You dont have to make Paul _ anything, he always works hard. 2. do: a. What will you _ next? b. What will _ by you next? 3. say: a. Sh

7、e _ that Mike was ill in bed. b. It _ that Mike is ill in bed. c. Mike _ to be ill in bed. 4. hold: a. They will _ the parents-meeting next Monday. b. The parents-meeting will _ next Monday. 5. discuss: a. They _ the questions from 5 to 6 yesterday afternoon. b. The questions _ from 5 to 6 yesterday

8、 afternoon. 6. put off: a. We had better not _ the sports meeting. b. The sports meeting had better not _ . 7. cross: a. I noticed an old lady _ the street just now. b. An old lady was noticed _ the street just now. 8. repair: a.We are to _ the machine this afternoon. b. The machine is to _ this aft

9、ernoon. 第二部分 非谓语动词 在英语句子中，“非谓语动词”即是不充当谓语的动词或动词短语。非谓语动词主要有：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。另外，还有独立主格结构。一、动词不定式：1、动词不定式（动词不定式短语）的功能： 动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。如：Its great to see you all here again. (动词不定式短语作主语，此处it是形式主语)To complete the tall building in one year was quite a difficult task. (动词不定式作主语)He want to

10、go shopping. (动词不定式短语作宾语) My mother hates to move from place to place. (动词不定式短语作宾语)My hope is to receive your letters. (动词不定式短语作表语) The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city.(动词不定式作表语)I am looking for a room to live in.(动词不定式作定语，限定room的范围)He went to go shopping.(动词不定式作目的

11、状语，表示went的目的) He asked you to call him at ten oclock.(动词不定式作宾补) 2、动词不定式的时态和语态运用：（1）一般式：to do (主动式）；to be done(被动式）I have many clothes to wash.（不定式to wash作定语，用主动式，因为其主语是人）Many clothes are to be washed.（不定式to be washed作表语，用被动式，因为主语是物）There are many clothes to be washed.（不定式to be washed作定语，用被动式，主语是物）（2

12、）进行式：to be doing Today we have chat rooms(网聊室), text messaging(手机短信), e-mailing, but we seem to be losing the art of communicating face-to-face. （不定式的进行式，作seem的表语） （3）完成式：to have done（主动式）；to have been done（被动式）The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported to have broken the w

13、orld record in the 110-meter hurdle race. （主动完成式，作who的补足语）The world record in the 110-meter hurdle race was reported to have been broken by Liu Xiang.（被动完成式，作The world record的补足语）二、动词-ing形式（动名词和现在分词）：1、动名词的作用：Dancing is my favorite. （动名词作主语） Its no use crying over the spilt milk. （动名词短语作主语，It 是形式主语）

14、Have you finished writing your letter? （动名词短语作宾语）My job is learning English. （动名词短语作表语）This company has a swimming pool.(动名词作定语，限定pool的范围)We are interested in learning English. （作in的宾语，一般主动式）She came to my wedding without being invited. （作介词without的宾语，一般被动式）I dont remember having borrowed money from

15、 you.(作remember的宾语，完成主动式)Mary forgets having being taken to Beijing when she was very young. （作forgets的宾语，完成被动式）Do you mind my opening the door?(动名词的复合结构作宾语: 物主代词/名词所有格+动名词)I remember Toms playing with them that day.(动名词的复合结构作宾语，同上) 有些动词后面常常接“动名词”，不接动词不定式，如：She enjoys reading. 这些动词可以归纳为：“keep, delay

16、(延误), imagine(想象) + mecarfeps”。“mecarfeps”的读音是“霉咖啡不吃”，它包含这些动词：mind(介意), enjoy, cant help, avoid/appreciate, risk, finish, excape, practice, suggest(建议)/stand(忍受) I appreciate your making effort to come.你能尽力赶来，我很感激。（your making是动名词复合结构作appreciate的宾语）Dave escaped being drowned. Dave逃脱了，没有被淹死。（being dr

17、owned作宾语）We should delay holding the sporting meeting. 我们应该延迟举办运动会。（holding the sporting meeting作delay的宾语）有些动词后面接不定式和动名词时，意义不一样。(1) forget, remember, stop, regret这几个个动词后面接不定式表示还没有做某事，接动名词表示已经做了某事：Dont forget to bring your homework tomorrow.不要忘了，明天把作业带来。I forget borrowing a book from the library last

18、 week, so I borrow another one. 我忘记了上周在图书馆借了一本书，于是又借了一本。(2) go on doing 继续做同一件事情；go on to do接下来做另一件事情(3) try doing sth. 试着做某事；try to do尽量做某事；manage to do做成了某事 2、现在分词的作用（现在分词有主动或进行之意）：The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.(作定语，限定man的范围表,进行)The film being shown in the cinema is exciti

19、ng. (被动式，作定语，限定film的范围,表进行)The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.(作表语，表示film的特点，有主动之意)The present situation is inspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。(作表语，有主动之意)Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?(作宾补，补充her的动作,有主动之意)He kept the car waiting at the gate.他让小汽车在门口等着。(作宾补，补充car的动作)Working in the fa

20、ctory, he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。(作时间状语可以改为：When he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker.)He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。(作方式/伴随状语)(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。(作条件状语，可以改为If you play all day, you will waste

21、 your valuable time.) He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎(作结果状语)Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。(作让步状语，该句= Though it rained heavily, it cleared up very soon.) Seeing from the top of the hill, they found the town beautiful.（作时间状语，有主动之意）3、现在分词的时

22、态和语态：Singing and dancing happily, they entered the classroom. （一般主动式，作伴随状语）Being asked to answer a difficult question, she didnt know what to say.（一般被动式，作原因或时间状语）=When/As she was asked to answer a difficult question, she didnt know what to say.Not having heard from my parents, I wrote a letter again

23、.(完成主动式，否定式，原因状语）=As I hadnt heard from my paraents, I wrote a letter again.Having been given a third chance, I must value it. （完成被动式，原因状语）=Because I have been given a third chance, I must value it.三、过去分词（过去分词有被动或完成之意）：1、过去分词的作用：过去分词和它后面的附带成分一起叫过去分词短语，作定语、表语、宾补、状语。There are many fallen leaves on the

24、 ground. （作定语，限定leaves的范围）She looked puzzled. （作表语，表达she的表情）She found her money stolen. （作宾补，补充宾语her money的状况）Heated, water can change into steam. （作条件状语，可以改为If it is heated）2、过去分词的时态和语态：过去分词表示动作已经完成，只有一般式。I found the door opened. （作宾补，补充宾语the door的状态，有被动之意）Inspired by what he said, I determined to

25、work harder. （作原因状语，有被动之意）= As I was inspired by what he said, I determined to work harder.Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks beautiful.（作时间或条件状语，有被动之意） = When/If it is seen from the top of the hill, the town looks beautiful. 四、分词的独立结构作状语：如果分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，可采用分词独立结构作状语。There being no taxi

26、s, we had to walk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。(原因状语) =As/Because there were no taxis, we had to walk.（从句和主句的主语不一致)Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。(原因状语)=As Winter has come, it gets colder and colder.(从句和主句的主语不一致) Class being over, the children went home.下课了，学生们回家去。(原因/时间状语)=After/As the clas

27、s was over, the children went home. (从句和主句的主语不一致) Nobody being in the room, I didnt go in.由于房间里没有人，我没有进去。(原因状语)=As nobody was in the room, I didnt go in. (从句和主句的主语不一致) Weather permitting, well start tomorrow.如果天气允许，我们明天动身。(条件状语)=If the weather permits, well start tomorrow. (从句和主句的主语不一致) He went to t

28、he front door, his son following him.他走向前门，他的儿子跟在后面。(伴随状语)Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。（时间状语）=After her work had been done, she sat down for a cup of tea. (从句和主句的主语不一致) More money given, we will send more employees to the mother company to get trained.（条件状语，句中“money”和“giv

29、e”是动宾关系，因此用过去分词）=If more money is given, we will send more employees to the mother company to get trained.（如果多有些资金的话，我们将把更多的员工送到总公司去培训）有时现在分词独立成分一般已形成固定结构，表示说话人对说话内容所持的态度或看问题的态度，如：Generally speaking, we dont agree with you.一般说来，我们不同意你的看法。Considering his age, the child reads quite well.鉴于他的年龄，这个孩子读得相

30、当好。Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed.根据你所说的来看，他应当成功。五、with复合结构：with复合结构的形式是“with+名词+分词”，在句子中也是作状语。With the computer broken, Mr. Green couldnt work. （原因状语）He went into the cave with the candle burning. （方式/伴随状语）They fell asleep with the door open. （方式/伴随状语）六、如果谓语动词和现在分词的动作完全同时发生，常常用“when/while+现在分词”形式，此时它不是独立结构，而是“连词+现在分词”作时间状语，即省去“主语+be”如：Be careful when/while crossing the street. 非谓语动词练习一、用所给动词的恰当形式填空：1.see (1) _ from the top of a hill, our tow