6A文1996考研英语阅读真题打印版.docx

1、6A文1996考研英语阅读真题打印版【20XX】Passage1Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttieslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomies

2、ofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.

3、Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKoreasLGElectro

4、nicsinJuly.)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarketAmericasmachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtak

5、ingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmericasindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitio

6、nfromoverseas.Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.”Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneona

7、diet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvardsKennedySchoolofGovernment,”ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessScho

8、olbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas”agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”51.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarbecause_.AithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoalBitsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbeforeCthewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitorsDt

9、heunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy52.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican_.ATVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarketBsemiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprisesCmachine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidal

10、actionsDautoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket53.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?AItishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpried.BIntensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.CTherevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.DAlonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopm

11、ent.54.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe_.AturningofthebusinesscycleBrestructuringofindustryCimprovedbusinessmanagementDsuccessineducation【20XX】Passage2Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbal

12、anceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.Now,bybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.Moreimportant,anotherchancefornat

13、uralselectionhasbeenremoved.Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenesonemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicid

14、e:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhas15children.Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontota

15、keadvantageofithavediminished.Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.Thegrandmediocrityoftodayeveryonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspringmeansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetr

16、ibes.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchangeNootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.Butinthepass100,000yearseventhepass100yearsourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.Darwin

17、hadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“lookatanorganicbeingasaveragelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.”Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.55.Wha

18、tusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?AAlackofmates.BAfiercecompetition.CAlowersurvivalrate.DAdefectivegene.56.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?AWealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.BNaturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.CThemiddleclasspopulationis80%

19、smallerthanthatofthetribes.DIndiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.57.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause_.AlifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvanceBthenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendecliningCourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolutionDthedifferencebetweenwealthandpoverty

20、isdisappearing58.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?ASexRationChangesinHumanEvolutionBWaysofContinuingMansEvolutionCTheEvolutionaryFutureofNatureDHumanEvolutionGoingNowhere【20XX】Passage3Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for

21、,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybeevenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight,itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.This,inb

22、rief,iswhattheFuturistsays;foranoiseandviolenceandspeed.Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwo

23、rds,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,offiniteverbs.Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.Butitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanato

24、rynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriverandthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.”This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoet

25、ry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?59.Thispassageismainly_.AasurveyofnewapproachestoartBareviewofFuturistpoetryCaboutmerit

26、softheFuturistmovementDaboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature60.Whenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtryto_.AdetermineitspurposesBignoreitsflawsCfollowthenewfashionsDaccepttheprinciples61.Futuristsclaimthatwemust_.AincreasetheproductionofliteratureBusepoetrytorelievemodernstressCdevelopnewmodesof

27、expressionDavoidusingadjectivesandverbs62.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis_.AbasedonreasonableprinciplesBnewandacceptabletoordinarypeopleCindicativeofbasicchangeinhumannatureDmoreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature【20XX】Passage4AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivitya

28、ndsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledontknowwheretheyshouldgonext.

29、Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapansrigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentsweref

30、ullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingan

31、dmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.”Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscorespersonality,ability,courageorhumanityarecompletelyignored,”saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticPartyseducationcommittee.”Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild.”Lasty

32、earJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarhadweakenedthe“Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents.”ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.”InJ