探讨农村水利现状及农村饮水安全.docx

1、探讨农村水利现状及农村饮水安全探讨农村水利现状及农村饮水安全论文关键词：农村水利 现状 方向 饮水安全Key words: rural drinking water safety water conservancy status direction论文摘要：我国是一个农业大国，小型水利工程作为农村经济的一个重要组成部分，在改善农民生产生活条件、促进粮食生产方面发挥了重要作用。农村水利是指在农村开展的水利建设、管理及其它有关水问题方面的工作，包括农村水工程、水资源和水环境。本文主要分析农村水利现状，进一步明确当前和今后一个时期农村水利工作的方向，奋力推进农村水利新跨越，为服务“三农”和保障民生提

2、供有力的水利支撑和保障。Abstract: our country is an agricultural big country, small water conservancy project as an important part of rural economy, in improving farmers production and living conditions, and played an important role in promoting grain production. Rural water conservancy refers to the water cons

3、ervancy construction in rural areas, water management and other related issues, including rural water projects, water resource and water environment. This article mainly analyze the present situation of rural water conservancy further clarify the current and future a period of the direction of the r

4、ural water conservancy work, strive to build a new rural water conservancy span, for the service three rural and safeguard the livelihood of the people to provide powerful hydraulic support and assurance. 农村水利现状1 status of rural water conservancy. 农村水利管理滞后。农村实行生产责任制后，农民的个体经济意识较强，集体观念淡薄，从而在水利工程管理上存在只

5、知用水，不愿管水，农村水利工程管理粗放，有的灌区支渠以下用水混乱，“跑、冒、渗、漏”较为严重，致使水利工程老化失修，毁损严重。同时由于各领域的生产进度很难一致也很难统一，彼此间为了各自的需要随意截流、堵坝、开沟、放水，把水线和明渠搞得支离破碎，干疮百孔，逐渐失去供水功能，农民们没办法只好在原灌内打井种稻。大量开采地下水，也是对水资源的极大浪费，这样下去，不光是农业生产受到影响，生存环境也会受到破坏。1.1 the rural water conservancy management lags behind. After rural production responsibility syste

6、m, farmers consciousness of the individual economy is stronger, collective idea is weak, which only exists in the water conservancy project management of water, dont want to pipe water, rural water conservancy project management extensive, some under the lateral canal irrigation area water use chaos

7、, run, run, seepage, leakage is more serious, the water conservancy project aged disrepair, is damaged seriously. As consistent in all areas of production progress is difficult to is difficult to unify, between each other in order to meet the demands of their casual intercepting and blocking dam, tr

8、enching, water, the water flow in open channel and get fragmented, dry, losing water supply function, the farmers cant had to drilling within original irrigation rice. Excessive exploitation of groundwater, is also a great waste of water resources, so, it is not only affected agricultural production

9、, living environment will be damaged. 农村产业结构发生变化。农村产业结构过去主要追求粮食产量,所配套水利工程为了满足粮食作物的生长需要,调整为蔬菜、花卉、瓜果和苗木对抗旱和灌溉的标准比原有的设施要求标准更高。在这个过程中,调整是市场化行为,一家一户的生产模式缺乏统一的调整、建设和规划,使得农村水利的配套建设出现了一些困难。1.2 the rural industrial structure change. Rural industrial structure is mainly the pursuit of food production in the p

10、ast, the matching of water conservancy projects in order to meet the requirements of the growth of crops, the adjustment for vegetables, flowers, fruits and seedling standard of drought resistance and irrigation facilities required standards higher than the old ones. In this process, the adjustment

11、is market-oriented behavior, a production mode is lack of unified adjustment of a home, building and planning, make the rural water conservancy construction of form a complete set of some difficulties. 对水质要求更加严格。由于水产养殖业发展较快，对水源水质的标准要求更加严格。一旦水源污染、水质破坏，会影响到水产养殖业的发展，也会影响到农民的利益。水质不能保证一定会引发一些矛盾，会影响到水利工程水

12、费和水资源费的收缴。1.3 more strict with quality. Due to the rapid development of aquaculture, more strict standard of water quality. Once the damage, water pollution, water quality will affect the development of the aquaculture industry, will also affect the interests of farmers. Water quality cant guarantee

13、 will cause some conflict, will affect the water resources and water conservancy projects on water fee collection. 财政投入不足。新农村建设以来，虽然国家大力扶持农村水利建设与管理，在规划布局、项目安排和资金补助上给予很大倾斜。但我国很多不发达地区农村，没有较多的资金用在农村水利工程建设上，很多工程不能按期启动。财政支持的资金与农村水利工程建设需要的资金差距较大，主要靠群众自行解决，因此严重制约着农村重点水利工程配套和小型水利工程建设。1.4 insufficient financ

14、ial input. Since the new rural construction, although the country strongly support rural water conservancy construction and management, on the plan layout, project schedule and budget for a tilt. But many underdeveloped areas of rural in China, no more money to use on the rural water conservancy pro

15、ject construction, many projects does not start on schedule. Financial support of funds and the rural water conservancy project construction need funding gap is larger, mainly depend on the masses, thus severely restricts the rural supporting key water conservancy projects and small water conservanc

16、y project construction. 发展农村水利工作的方向2 in the direction of the development of rural water conservancy work. 认真抓好农村水利建设管理工作。围绕充分发挥效益，切实强化水利工程管理。水利建设是基础，管理是关键。我国水利工程面广量大，管理任务十分繁重。一是坚持按照“分级建设、分级管理、分级负责”的原则，健全和完善管理责任体系，明确责、权、利，真正将管理责任落实到单位、到个人。二是在现有管理模式基础上，积极探索水利工程管理的新机制、新路子、新办法，走管理维护与开发利用相结合，“以管理促开发，以开发促

17、管理”的新路子。三是坚持依法管理，加大水行政执法力度，严肃查处河道、堤防管理范围内的乱耕乱种、违章搭建、随意侵占等违法行为，依法维护水利工程正常运行，促进我市河道管理工作迈上新台阶。2.1 carefully pays special attention to the rural water conservancy construction management work. Around give full play to the benefits, and strengthening the management of water conservancy projects. Water co

18、nservancy construction is the foundation, management is the key. Surface measurement in water conservancy project, management task is very heavy. One is stick to hierarchical construction, classification management, grading is responsible for principle, and perfect the management responsibility syst

19、em, clear responsibility, right and benefit, true implementation to the unit, the individual will manage responsibility. 2 it is based on the existing management mode, actively explore new mechanism of management of water conservancy projects, new way and new method, that combines management mainten

20、ance and the development and utilization, management to promote development, to promote management to develop a new way. 3 it is to adhere to the management in accordance with the law, increase the intensity of water administrative law enforcement, investigate embankment management within the scope

21、of river courses and indiscriminate tillage, illegal building, illegal activities such as random occupation, maintain normal operation of water conservancy projects according to law, promote our city river management work to a new level. 农村水利工作要坚持以下原则。一是坚持以人为本，保障改善民生。把解决农民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的水利问题作为优先领域，加快

22、改善农民群众生产生活条件和农村人居环境，提高农民群众受益程度和水平。二是坚持科学发展，促进人水和谐。综合考虑农村经济社会发展与水资源条件，大力发展高效节水农业，加强农村饮用水水源保护，加快水环境治理步伐，增强农业农村可持续发展能力，促进水资源可持续利用。三是坚持统筹兼顾，推进协调发展。科学规划和布局，东中西部统筹，平原、山丘区和草原牧区兼顾，大中小微工程并举，工程措施非工程措施结合，推动农村水利协调发展。四是坚持建管并重，保障良性运行。切实把工程建设与运行管理有机衔接、有效统一起来，做到建后管护主体明确、权责清晰、机制完善、管养到位，确保工程建得成、管得好、用得起、长受益。五是坚持改革创新，增

23、强发展后劲。深化农村水利各项改革，着力创新体制机制，推进法规制度建设，完善配套政策，加大科技推广力度，加快管理方式转变，为农村水利可持续发展奠定坚实基础。2.2 the rural water conservancy work to adhere to the following principles. One is to adhere to the people-oriented, improve peoples livelihood. To solve the farmers most concern, the most direct, the most realistic water c

24、onservancy problems as priority areas, accelerate the improvement of production conditions and living conditions of peasants and the rural living environment, improve peasants benefit degree and level. Second, insist on scientific development, promote people and water in harmony. Considering the rur

25、al economic and social development and water resource conditions, developing efficient water-saving agriculture, strengthen rural drinking water sources protection, quicken the steps of water environmental governance, enhance capability of sustainable agriculture and rural areas development, promote

26、 the sustainable utilization of water resources. Three is to stay balanced and promote the coordinated development. Scientific planning and layout, east Midwest to plan as a whole, plains, ShanQiuOu and grassland pastoral area to two or morethings, medium and micro engineering, non-engineering measu

27、res combined with engineering measures, to promote coordinated development of rural water conservancy. Four is both on connecting, guarantee benign operation. Of the project construction and operation management of organic link, to unify effectively, be built after the subject clear, clear responsib

28、ilities of the management, perfect mechanism, custody in place, to ensure that the project was built into, tube well, affordable, long benefit. Five is to insist on reform and innovation, and sustaining development. To deepen the reform of rural water conservancy, focus on institutional innovation m

29、echanism, promoting the construction of laws and regulations, perfect the supporting policies, increase the intensity of science and technology promotion, to speed up the management mode shift, lay a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the rural water conservancy. 不断深化农村水利改革，努力创新农村水利

30、发展体制机制。当前，农村水利改革正在向多领域扩展、向深层次推进，改革的复杂性、艰巨性、系统性更加凸显。要准确把握农村水利改革方向，注重协调推进和体制机制创新，不断增强农村水利发展活力。2.3 continue to deepen reform of rural water conservancy, rural water conservancy development efforts to innovation systems and mechanisms. Many areas at present, the reform of rural water conservancy is spre

31、ading, to further promote reform of the complexity, difficulty and systemic grew more insistent. To accurately grasp the direction of the reform of rural water conservancy, pay attention to the coordinated push, and system and mechanism innovation, and constantly enhance the vitality of rural water

32、conservancy development. 加快推进农村水利投资体制改革。积极争取中央预算内基建投资和财政专项资金大幅增加对农村水利的投入力度、提高补助比例，逐步建立以财政补助为主导，国家、农民、社会资金共同投入的多元化农村水利投资机制。要以县为单位、以规划为依托，整合各类农田水利建设资金，提高资金使用效益。要充分利用市场机制，引导和鼓励社会资金投入农村水利项目。2.3.1 accelerate reform of the rural water conservancy investment system. Actively strive for the central budget for infrastructure investment and finance special fund increase of rural water conservancy investment, increase the proportion, gradually establish dominated by financial aid, country, farmers and social capital into the diversification of rural water conservancy investment mecha