David X. Cifu MD - Braddom's Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation-Elsevier (2020).pdf

1、SIXTH EDITIONEditor-in-ChiefDavid X.Cifu,MDAssociate Dean of Innovation and System IntegrationHerman J.Flax,MD Professor and Chair,Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmond,Virginia;Senior TBI Specialist,U.S.Department of Veterans A

2、ffairsWashington,DC;Principal InvestigatorLong-term Impact of Military-relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium(LIMBIC-CENC)Central Virginia VA Health Care System/Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond,VirginiaBraddoms Physical Medicine and RehabilitationAssociate

3、 EditorsBlessen C.Eapen,MDChief,Physical Medicine and RehabilitationVA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System;Associate Clinical ProfessorDepartment of MedicineDivision of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles,CaliforniaJeffery S.Johns,MDAssociate Pr

4、ofessorPhysical Medicine and RehabilitationVanderbilt University Medical Center;Medical DirectorVanderbilt Stallworth Rehabilitation HospitalNashville,TennesseeKaren Kowalske,MDProfessorPhysical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas,TexasHenry L.Lew,MD,PhD,

5、ABPMR,CCC-AProfessor and ChairDepartment of Communication Sciences and DisordersJohn A.Burns School of MedicineUniversity of Hawaii at MnoaHonolulu,Hawaii;Adjunct ProfessorDepartment of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmond,VirginiaMichelle A

6、.Miller,MDAssistant Clinical ProfessorPhysical Medicine and RehabilitationThe Ohio State University;Section ChiefPediatric Physical MedicineNationwide Childrens HospitalColumbus,OhioGregory Worsowicz,MD,MBAProfessor of Clinical Physical Medicine and RehabilitationDepartment of Physical Medicine and

7、RehabilitationUniversity of MissouriColumbia,MissouriElsevier1600 John F.Kennedy Blvd.Ste 1800Philadelphia,PA 19103-2899BRADDOMS PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION,SIXTH EDITION ISBN:978-0-323-62539-5Copyright 2021 by Elsevier,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced o

8、r transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including photocopying,recording,or any information storage and retrieval system,without permission in writing from the publisher.Details on how to seek permission,further information about the Publishers permissions policies and our

9、 arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency,can be found at our website: book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher(other than as may be noted herein).NoticePractitioners and rese

10、archers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information,methods,compounds or experiments described herein.Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences,in particular,independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made.To the fulles

11、t extent of the law,no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier,authors,editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability,negligence or otherwise,or from any use or operation of any methods,products,instructions,or ideas contained in the mater

12、ial herein.Previous editions copyrighted 2016,2011,2007,2000,and 1996.International Standard Book Number:978-0-323-62539-5Content Strategist:Humayra R.KhanSenior Content Development Specialist:Ann Ruzycka AndersonPublishing Services Manager:Catherine JacksonHealth Content Management Specialist:Krist

13、ine FeehertyDesign Direction:Ryan CookPrinted in ChinaLast digit is the print number:9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1vThis book is dedicated to my parents,John and Rosa,who made me all that I am;my children,Brie and Belle,who remind me to look to the horizon;and to my love,Hilary,who makes it all worthwhile.A spec

14、ial thank you to Randy Braddom for the legacy that started this textbook and for his ongoing support.Thank you to my amazingly supportive colleagues,staff,and trainees all across Virginia Commonwealth University,including in the School of Medicine and the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabili

15、tation,for their mentorship,their friendship,and the time to complete this project.Thank you to the wonderful members of the Office of Rehabilitation and Prosthetic Services in the U.S Department of Veterans Affairs for all they do for Americas Veterans and Service Members and for allowing me the ti

16、me to complete this project.Thank you to the thousands of patients and their family members who allowed me to participate in their care over the years;you have taught me so much.Thank you to my family,friends,and other loved ones for your ongoing support that allows me to pursue my work and career.v

17、iContributorsDenise M.Ambrosi,MS,CCC-SLPDirector of AccreditationQuality and ComplianceSpaulding Rehabilitation Hospital;Assistant ProfessorCommunication Sciences and DisordersMGH Institute of Health ProfessionsCharlestown,Massachusetts3 Rehabilitation of Swallowing DisordersMichael Andary,MD,MSProf

18、essorPhysical Medicine and RehabilitationMichigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine;Residency Director,Physical Medicine and RehabilitationSparrow HospitalEast Lansing,Michigan8 Electrodiagnostic MedicineKaren L.Andrews,MDPhysical Medicine and RehabilitationMayo ClinicRochester,Minnes

19、ota24 Prevention and Management of Chronic Wounds25 Vascular DiseasesThiru M.Annaswamy,MD,MAProfessorDepartment of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center;Section Chief,Spine and Electrodiagnostic SectionsPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation ServiceVA Nort

20、h Texas Health Care SystemDallas,Texas7 Quality and Outcome Measures for Medical Rehabilitation17 Physical Agent ModalitiesDixie Aragaki,MDProfessorDepartment of MedicineDivision of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA;Program DirectorPhysical Medicine and Reha

21、bilitation ResidencyVA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos Angeles,California6 Occupational Medicine and Vocational RehabilitationW.David Arnold,MDAssociate ProfessorPhysical Medicine and RehabilitationNeuromuscular DivisionDepartment of NeurologyPhysiology and Cell BiologyNeuroscienceThe Ohio

22、State UniversityColumbus,Ohio40 Motor Neuron DiseasesArash Asher,MDDirector,Cancer Survivorship and RehabilitationSamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer InstituteCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles,California29 Cancer RehabilitationJames W.Atchison,DOChairDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilit

23、ationMayo Clinic FloridaJacksonville,Florida16 Manipulation,Traction,and MassageRita Ayyangar,MBBSAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor,Michigan48 Myelomeningocele and Other Spinal DysraphismsKim D.D.Barker,MDAssociate ProfessorPhysical

24、Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas,Texas1 The Physiatric History and Physical ExaminationTour Barksdale,MDMayo Clinic/Mayo Clinic Health SystemPhysical Medicine and RehabilitationMayo ClinicMankato,Minnesota29 Cancer RehabilitationviiContributorsKaren P.

25、Barr,MDAssociate ProfessorChief,Division of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationDepartment of OrthopaedicsWest Virginia UniversityMorgantown,West Virginia33 Low Back DisordersMatthew N.Bartels,MD,MPHProfessor and Chairman of Rehabilitation MedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine;Chairman,Departm

26、ent of Rehabilitation MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterThe Bronx,New York27 Acute Medical Conditions:Cardiopulmonary Disease,Medical Frailty,and Renal FailureStacey A.Bennis,MDAssistant ProfessorOrthopaedics and RehabilitationObstetrics and GynecologyLoyola University Medical CenterMaywood,Illinois3

27、8 Pelvic Floor DisordersTheresa F.Berner,OTR/L,ATPRehabilitation Clinical ManagerOccupational TherapistThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbus,Ohio14 Wheelchairs and Seating SystemsCathy Bodine,PhD,CCC-SLPAssociate ProfessorBioengineeringUniversity of ColoradoDenver,Colorado19 Assist

28、ive Technology and Environmental Control DevicesJaclyn Bonder,MDAssistant ProfessorRehabilitation MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York,New York38 Pelvic Floor DisordersAngeline Bowman,MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor,Mich

29、igan48 Myelomeningocele and Other Spinal DysraphismsThomas N.Bryce,MDProfessorRehabilitation and Human PerformanceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York,New York49 Spinal Cord InjuryMary Caldwell,DOAssistant ProfessorSports Medicine/Physical Medicine and RehabilitationVCU HealthRichmond,Vir

30、ginia36 Lower Limb Pain and DysfunctionWilliam Carne,PhDAssociate ProfessorPhysical Medicine and RehabilitationVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond,Virginia45 Degenerative Movement Disorders of the Central Nervous SystemPriya Chandan,MD,MPHAssistant ProfessorDivision of Physical Medicine and Reh

31、abilitationUniversity of LouisvilleLouisville,Kentucky45 Degenerative Movement Disorders of the Central Nervous SystemShih-Ching Chen,MD,PhDProfessorPhysical Medicine and RehabilitationDirectorResearch Center of Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive TechnologyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei,Taiwa

32、n19 Assistive Technology and Environmental Control DevicesWen-Shiang Chen,MD,PhDProfessorPhysical Medicine and RehabilitationCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University;DirectorPhysical Medicine and RehabilitationNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipei,Taiwan17 Physical Agent ModalitiesAndrea Ch

33、eville,MD,MDCEProfessorDepartment of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationDirector of Lymphedema and Cancer Rehabilitation ServicesMayo ClinicRochester,Minnesota29 Cancer RehabilitationLi-Wei Chou,MD,PhDDirector and ProfessorPhysical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation ScienceChina Medical University;ChairmanPhysical Medicine and RehabilitationAsia University Hospital;Attending Physici