高中英语知识讲解6.docx

1、高中英语知识讲解6Unit 4-5 单元复习 学习目标重点词句说明：重点单词短语在各个单元的重点词汇中已经详细讲过，在复习单元不再重复，只就容易用错的部分进行提示和补充。Unit 4: delighted, admirable, unusual, assist, submit, professional, eager, update, acquire, assess, inform, meanwhile, accuse, guilty, demand, publish, thorough, gifted, accurate, senior, approve, processUnit 5: te

2、mporary, bleed, choke, plex, variety, mild, swell, unbearable, vital, pour, damp, tight, firm, throat, treat, apply, ceremonyUnit 4: concentrate on, so as to do, depend on, ahead of, accuse of, defend against, by accident, in case, set to workWhen do you think is convenient for you? Unit 5: first ai

3、d, fall ill, squeeze out, over and over again, in place, a number of, make a difference, a knowledge of, close tobe doing when 语法：倒装；省略综合应用后缀able阅读细节题解题技巧重点词汇admirable【点拨】admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；极好的；值得赞扬的It is an admirable and wise decision that is worth being followed by all. 这是一个非常令人钦佩的明智之举，值得所有的人效仿。

4、Their spirit and determination is admirable. 他们的精神和决心是可敬可佩的。admire 表示主语(人)对某人、物或事物的尊重或喜爱的感情,即“赞美、赞赏、称赞”; 也可表示承认其优越性和超人之处,即“钦佩”。He is a man of integrity. We all admire him.他是一个正直的人,我们都敬佩他。I admire this beautiful picture.我赞赏这幅美丽的图画。submit【点拨】submit vt. & vi. 使受控制; 服从；vt. 提出He was losing the fight but

5、he would not submit.他败了,但却没有屈服。I submit that the defendant is not guilty.我认为被告无罪。submit to 顺从,听命于The people had to submit to the new rulers when they lost the war.战败的人们不得不听命于新的统治者。submit to向呈交/递送Some students have not yet submitted their essays to their tutors.有些学生尚未把论文交给导师。professional【点拨】professio

6、nal adj. 专业的；职业的；职业性的; n. 专业人员；职业运动员The professionals played football very well.这些专业足球运动员踢得棒极了。A professional golfer usually has it all over an amateur. 职业高尔夫球员通常胜过业余的。profession n. 职业，专业professionally adv. 专业地；内行地professor 教授update【点拨】update & n. 更新;使现代化；向提供最新信息They decided to update the puter syst

7、ems.他们决定更新计算机设备。assess【点拨】assess vt. 估价,估计;评定,核定。可指官方等对形势等的估计,也可指对财产等进行估价,引申可作“评定,核定”解,指对人、物、工作等进行评价。Its difficult to assess the effects of these changes.这些改变的效果难以评价。Allen tried to assess how she felt.艾伦试图猜测她是怎么想的。Id assess your chances as extremely low.我估计你成功的机会微乎其微。meanwhile【点拨】meanwhile的基本意思是“其间,

8、与此同时”,指在一件事情发生的过程中或者一段时间内另一件事也在发生。Theyll be here soon. Meanwhile, lets have some coffee.他们很快就到这里,我们趁此喝点咖啡吧。Eve was cutting the grass, meanwhile Adam was playing roses.夏娃在剪草,亚当在种玫瑰。thorough【点拨】thorough adj. 彻底的;十足的;考虑周到的thorough cleaning 彻底打扫thorough description 详尽的描写thorough understanding 透彻的了解He is

9、 thorough in his work.他工作严谨认真。accuse【点拨】accuse vt. 控告; 控诉; 谴责; 主要指官方或个人对某人或他人进行直接地、尖刻地、当面地指责,有时含有诋毁或非难的意思。accuse sb/sth for sth 因而指责某人或某事They accused me for the delay. 他们埋怨延误是我造成的。accuse of 指责,控告He accused the man of theft. 他控告那人犯有偷窃罪。They accused me of carelessness. 他们指责我粗心大意。【拓展】accuse, charge 都有“

10、控告,控诉; 指责”的意思。其区别是:1.accuse 使用范围较广,主要用于一般的指责,也可用于法律上的正式控告; charge 比 accuse 正式,通常指在法庭上依法控告,也可以引申地使用于指责某人违反公认的行为准则。2.charge所指控的内容比accuse更严重。3.accuse后一般接of,而charge后一般接with。choke【点拨】choke的基本意思是指在吃东西时由于咽喉阻塞、堵塞或极度刺激而咽不下去了,即“噎住”,引申可表示河流“阻塞”,人的呼吸“窒息”等。表示“哽”“噎”时,是不及物动词; 表示“阻塞”“窒息”时是及物动词,跟简单宾语。choke back（down

11、） 抑制choke off中止做; 使放弃做；批评，责备choke up使装满,塞满；因感情冲动说不出话来Mary choked on his drink. 玛丽喝饮料时给呛了。He choked with anger. 他气得说不出话来。firm【点拨】firm adj. 结实的,坚定不移的；n. 公司，商行；vt. & vi. (使)坚硬,(使)稳固。firm和stand, hold, stay连用时也可以做副词。He reshuffled the cabinet to firm his government.他重新改组内阁以强化其政府。She works for a firm of st

12、ockbroker.她在一家股票经纪公司工作。Our offer was met with a firm refusal.我们的报价被坚决拒绝。His muscles are very firm. 他肌肉很结实。tight【点拨】tight作形容词词义很多：紧的；密封的；绷紧的；麻烦的；严厉的；没空的；吝啬的tight还可以作副词，“紧紧地；彻底地”。Spending is kept within tight limits.开支限制得很严。He made sure that the rope was tight.他保证绳子拉紧了。Her throat was tight with fear.她

13、因惊恐而感到喉咙堵塞。His eyes closed tight.他的双眼紧闭着。【拓展】同样是副词的tightly常用在助动词与过去分词之间。 The stands were tightly packed for the important match.看台上观众满座,观看这场重要的比赛。mild【点拨】mild指不粗鲁的、不强烈的、不猛烈的、不过分的、愉快舒服的东西或事物。用于气候,可指“暖和的”,即不像预期的那样冷或既不太暖也不太寒。That island has a mild climate. 那个岛气候温和。It is a mild slope. 那是一个缓坡。That debate

14、 is mild. 那场辩论不激烈。pour【点拨】pour的基本意思是指大量液体由高向低或由上向下倾倒。引申可指人或物大批地、源源不断地涌入或涌出。pour down 流下; (雨)倾盆而下pour in使流入; 使灌入；大量地涌进来At six that evening it began to pour. 那天傍晚六点钟开始下起瓢泼大雨来。Please pour a cup of tea.请倒一杯茶。I poured myself a glass of beer.我给自己倒了一杯啤酒。Thousands of people poured into the stadium to watch

15、the football match.成千上万的人涌进体育场观看这场足球比赛。by accident【点拨】by accident偶然地，意外的He found his lost bike by accident. 他意外地发现了丢失的自行车。【拓展】without accident 安全地，平安的by chance 偶然by some chance/opportunity 偶然by a chance/an opportunity 万一in case【点拨】in case 假使，免得，以防万一Take the umbrella with you in case it rains. 带上伞以防下

16、雨。in case of 在的情况下in any case 在任何情况下in no case 绝不as is often the case 是常有的事set to work【点拨】set to work 开始工作，相当于set about ones workI desire you to set to work at once. 我希望你立即开始工作。When do you think is convenient for you?【点拨】当what，when，where，why，how，who等连接词引导的句子作do you think/ know/ suppose/ guess/imagin

17、e.的宾语从句时，需要把what，when，where，why，how，who等连接词前置，放在句首，因此后半部分用陈述句序。What do you suppose is the difference between dramas and novels? 你认为戏剧与小说的区别是什么?It is/was convenient for sb. to do 某人做某事Is it convenient for you to start work now?现在就开始工作你方便吗?first aid【点拨】first aid 急救do/offer/give first aid 进行急救aid用法与hel

18、p类似，比help正式。aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事with the aid of sb. 在某人的帮助下in aid of 为帮助be a great aid to/for. 对极大帮助 a knowledge of【点拨】a knowledge of 知道，了解，具备知识He has a good/wide knowledge of English.他有丰富的英语知识。bring to ones knowledge 让某人知道e to ones knowledge 传到某人耳朵里to ones knowledge 据某人所知close to【点拨】close to

19、接近，靠近；接近于，差不多； We were close to when it happened. 事情发生时我们正在附近。We all need our gods to be close to what we eat. 我们都需要我们的神在某种意义上接近我们的食物。be doing when 正在这时【点拨】be doing when 正在这时，表示从句动作发生的时候,主句主语正在做某事，从句一般多用于过去时,主句多用过去进行时。I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailors shop.我正在街上溜达时

20、突然发现了这家裁缝铺。相似的结构有：be about to do sth. when 正打算做这时had just done sth. when 刚做完这时I had just sat down when the light went out. 我刚坐下灯就突然灭了。I was about to swim when our guide saw me and shouted at me.我正要游泳，突然导游看到了，冲我喊。重点语法倒装倒装句考查重点1. 考查否定词置于句首时的倒装形式(1) (2014陕西卷)17. No sooner _ stepped on the stage than th

21、e audience broke into thunderous applause.A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has 答案为A。No sooner为否定结构，位于句首时句子的谓语的助动词had提前到主语前。(2) Little _ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.A. he realized B. he didnt realizeC. didnt he realize

22、 D. did he realize答案为D。由于little含有否定意味，所以当它置于句首时，其后要用倒装句式，又如：Little did they know they were to be reunited ten years later. 他们简直想不到10年后竟又能团聚。2. 考查否定的介词短语置于句首时的倒装形式Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _ with my progress.A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisf

23、iedC. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied答案为D。当by no means, in no case, on no condition等表示否定意义的介词短语置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序。3. 考查so / neither do I类型的倒装形式(1) My room gets very cold at night. _.A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does答案为C。so does mine在此的意思是“我的房间也一样”。表示“也一样”时，

24、so的后面要用倒装语序，故可排除B和D。又因为前面一句的谓语动词为实义动词(gets)，所以后面一句要用助动词do，不能用is。所以答案选C。(2)If Joes wife wont go to the party, _.A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will答案为B。当要表示“也一样不”时，neither后要接倒装句式，故选B。注意这类句式不能用either。4. 考查sothat句式的倒装形式(1) _ that Maric was able to set up new branch

25、es elsewhere.A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business答案为B。当sothat句式中的so结构位于句首时，so中的主谓语要用倒装形式。又如：So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。(2) So difficult _ it to work out the

26、 problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found答案为B。句子使用的基本句式为sothat结构。按英语语法，当该结构的so置于句首时，其后的句子(主句)要用倒装语序。5. 考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装形式（2015天津高考）Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home.A. she realized B. has

27、she realized C. she has realized D. did she realizeD。本题考查的是倒装句的用法。句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同落家里了。only位于句首后跟状语从句，主句要主谓部分倒装，即把助动词提到主语前面。又因为前后时态一致的问题，故选D。（2015湖南高考）Only after talking to two students _ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.A. I did discover B. did

28、 I discover C. I discovered D. discovered IB。“only+时间状语”位于句首，符合部分倒装的结构，即:将句子的谓语部分的助动词或者be动词或情态动词提前到主语前。句意：在和两个学生交谈之后我才意识到拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素。(2014湖南高考) Only when you can find peace in your heart _ good relationships with others.A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep这道题同样考查“only+

29、状语”置于句首时的倒装形式，答案为A。6. 考查表语或状语置于句首时的倒装(1) At the foot of the mountain _.A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village答案为B。将地点状语at the foot of the mountain置于句首，其后用完全倒装。其正常语序为：A village lies at the foot of the mountain.(2) Just in front of our house _ with a history of 1,

30、000 years.A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall treeC. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands答案为B。其正常语序为：A tall tree stands just in front of our house.7.考查虚拟语气中省略if，用倒装形式。(1)（2015江苏高考）It might have saved me much trouble _ the schedule.A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I k

31、nown 答案为D。这个句子是虚拟语气，还原形式为If he had known the schedule,省略if，把had提前。 (2) (2014天津卷)15. _ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught答案为D。这个句子是虚拟语气，还原形式为If he had caught the morning train,省略if，把had提前。省略高考重点考查的五种省略句1.涉及并列句的省略在并列句中，如果所连接的两