10大学英语四级考试精讲班篇章阅读理解讲义1.docx

1、10大学英语四级考试精讲班篇章阅读理解讲义1大学英语四级考试精讲班第35讲讲义篇章阅读理解 篇章阅读理解一、大纲的要求：（一）大学英语教学大纲（修订本）对四级阅读能力的要求：1能顺利阅读语言难度中等的一般性题材的文章；2掌握文章的中心大意及说明中心大意的事实和细节；3能根据文章进行一定的分析、推理和判断；4领会作者的观点和态度；5阅读速度达到每分钟70个词。（二）大学英语四级考试大纲对考生阅读理解能力的要求：1掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；2了解阐明文章中心思想的事实和细节；3能根据所读材料进行一定的推理判断；4根据上下文判断词汇和短语具体含义；5能理解上下文之间的逻辑关系；6领会作者的观点和态度

2、。二、阅读理解的题材和体裁： 无论是大学英语教学大纲还是大学英语考试大纲都没有对阅读理解的题材和体裁作明显的规定，只是提到四级阅读应是“语言难度中等的一般性题材的文章”。这就为四级阅读的题材和体裁提供了广泛的选择范围。一般而言，四级阅读的选材广泛，包括人物传记、社会经济、文化教育、科普知识、风士人情等。但是，从近几年来的试题看，科普类文章占有很大的比例，其次是社会生活方面的文章，还有少量文章是关于教育、经济和文化等内容。因此考生在平时就应该有意识地加强自己对科技、教育、文化等问题的关注。大学英语考试大纲对四级阅读理解所选文章的体裁规定有“体裁可多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等。”而从历年的

3、试题来看，占阅读理解大多数的还是议论文和说明文，记叙文，则非常少见。三、篇章仔细阅读考点分析及常考题型：篇章仔细阅读主要是考查考生是否具备英语国家的篇章阅读习惯和篇章阅读能力了解文章中一些具体的事实状况，以及做出一定的推理判断，从而对文章语义，作者观点态度，全文的主旨大意得出一个全面的理解的能力。考生只有真正意识到了四级考试的仔细阅读考查实质，才能够掌握正确的解题思路及方法。根据大学英语教学大纲对考生阅读能力的要求，阅读理解的题型一般可分为以下五类五类：1主旨大意题：测试考生对文章主题及中心思想的把握能力；2观点态度题：测试考生理解、领会作者的观点、态度及情感倾向的能力；3事实细节题：测试考生

4、把握阐述主题的事实和细节的能力，其内容多涉及人物、地点、原因和数字等具体的内容；4推理判断题：测试考生根据阅读文章的表层意思推测隐含意义的能力；5语义理解题：测试考生对阅读文章中关键词和关键句的理解能力。事实细节题：涉及考查文章中明确给出的细节性内容。语义理解题：涉及考查理解把握文章中词语或句子层面的某一细节性内容。推理判断题：涉及考查推理判断文章中句子或句际层面的细节性内容。语义理解题和推理判断题都要针对篇章语境做出相应的判断，但不同之处在于语义理解是要结合某一个词语或短句前后的内容对该词语或句子的意思做出推理判断，而推理判断题要求能够把握某一个较长的句子在特定的篇章语境下的意思。观点态度题

5、：涉及考查理解把握并且相应综合推理，判断文章一个或多个细节性内容。主旨大意题：涉及考查综合推理文章各个不同细节点，归纳概括得出文章主旨大意。观点态度和主旨大意题都是对文章多个细节的综合推理，归纳概括，但是两题的侧重点不尽相同观点态度题更侧重文章中作者的观点态度，而主旨大意题更侧重于对文章主旨大意的把握。读理解第一篇下面以2005年12月四级英语考试阅读第一篇为例，具体解释事实细节题的解题思路：（1）题干：21. It is the belief of Frito-Lays head of global marketing that _.22. What do we learn about Fr

6、ito-Lay from Paragraph 2?23. One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that _.24. Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?25. Frito-Lays executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market _.（2）跟我读题干：21.题眼：belief，考查细节或推理。查读焦点：F

7、rito-Lays head of global marketing。22.题眼：learn from， 考查细节或推理。查读焦点：Frito-Lay, Paragraph 2。23.题眼：the assumptions，考查细节或推理。查读焦点：development strategy。24.题眼：Why考查细节或推理原因。查读焦点：logo redesigned。25.题眼：claim，考查细节或推理。查读焦点：executives, promoting, international market。本文主题推测：Frito-Lay公司的海外市场扩张战略。（3）文章：Just five on

8、e-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect “saddle curl,” the Lays potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker, Frito-Lay, thinks otherwise. “Potato chips are a snack food for the world,” said Salman Amin, the companys head of global marketi

9、ng. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America, owned by PepsiCo, and accounts for over half of the parent companys $ 3 billion annual profits. But the U. S. snack food market is largely saturate

10、d, and to grow, the company has to look overseas. Its strategy relies on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. “Global” does not mean products that are consc

11、iously identified as American, but ones that consumersespecially young peoplesee as part of a modern, innovative（创新的）world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know that Frito-Lay is an

12、 American company. Instead, Riskey, the companys research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo（标识）. The logo, along with the companys

13、long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips, would help facilitate the companys global expansion.The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rather, they see Frito-Lay a

14、s spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world. “Were making products in those countries, were adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives,” said Steve Reinemund, Pepsicos chief executive.（4）跟我读文章：【文章主题】国内市场饱和，Frito-Lay要发展

15、就得进军海外市场，提出全球化策略。解释性报道。第一部分(Para. 1-Para. 2)提出事件主题。第二部分(Para. 3-Para. 5)具体展开阐述。为提出主题做铺垫（其开头提出一种观点，而后否定并指出真正观点），Para. 1-Para. 2: Para. 1为引文，Para. 2提出事件主题Para. 3: 分述：全球化策略基于的两个信念。Para. 4: 分述：全球化策略的关键因素品牌效应。Para. 5: 分述：该公司高层领导表明进行全球化策略的真正目的给海外国家带来利益。（引用他人话语）（5）题干及选项：21. It is the belief of Frito-Lays h

16、ead of global marketing that _. A potato chips can badly be used as a weapon to dominate the world market. B their company must find new ways to promote domestic sales. C the light golden color enhances the charm of their companys potato chips D people all over the world enjoy eating their companys

17、potato chips22. What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2? A Its products used to be popular among overseas consumers. B Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack marker. C It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company. D It needs to turn to the world market for de

18、velopment.23. One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that _. A consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands B local brands cannot compete success-fully with American brands C products suiting Chinese consumers needs bring more profits D products ident

19、ified as American will have promising market value.24. Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned? A To suit changing tastes of young consumers. B To promote the companys strategy of globalization. C To change the companys long-held marketing image. D To compete with other American chip produ

20、cers.25. Frito-Lays executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market _. A wont affect the eating habits of the local people B will lead to economic imperialism C will be in the interest of the local people D wont spoil the taste of their chips大学英语四级考试精讲班第36讲讲义解析解析：21.

21、查读焦点：Frito-Lays bead of global marketing在第一段处。考查belief的具体内容。D对应Believes后的内容：D中people all over the world对应(every) corner of the world; cant resist “抵挡”对应enjoy。排除干扰项：A属于文章部分信息，与第一段前两句结合起来的意思不符；B和C在文章中未提及。22.查读焦点：在第二段Frito-Lay以及动词和连词后。考查Frito-Lay的细节。D项对应连词and后的内容：needs to 对应has to; look overseas对应turn

22、to the world market; for development23.查读焦点：development strategy，在第三段。考查公司发展战略依据的细节。A对应冒号后的内容：are attracted by对应are drawn to; global brands对应“global” as a concept。排除干扰项：第三段first, a global product 对应to grow。排除干扰项：A与最后暗示公司未进入海外市场不符。B和C文中未提及。 cannot compete,且American brands % global brands排除B；C未是及；第三段最

23、后一句排除D。24.查读焦点：logo redesigned 在第四段。考查重新设计logo的原因。B对应本段最后一句：promote对应help facilitate, promote意为“促进”；facilitate意为“推动，促进”。Companys strategy of globalization对应companys global expansion。排除干扰项：A文中未提及；文中along with “随同一起”与Cchange相反；DLay logoglobal expansion不符。25.查读焦点：executives, promoting, international ma

24、rket在文章第五段。考查细节概括。claim表明题目考查的是Frito-Lays executives宣称的内容。C项目interest后的内容对应executives后的四个并列的动宾结构所表达的内容。排除干扰项：最后一段第一句的前半部分暗含了对当地居民的饮食习惯是有影响的，排除A；B与文中deny相反；D与adapting them (their chips) to the tastes of those countries不符。【答案速查】21D，22D， 23A， 24B，25C读理解第二篇练习：2005年6月英语四级考试阅读理解第二篇：本文主题推测：（1）文章：“Tearem ap

25、art!”“Kill the fool!”“Murder the referee（裁判）！”These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But lets not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have be

26、en written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations（含义）may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from spor

27、ts terms.The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”;“enemy”;“one who opposes your interests.” Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate ones intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may

28、 be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a players request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed,“Are they wet enough now?” In t

29、he heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponents intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the b

30、all as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated （提升）the game to the level where it belongs, thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replaci

31、ng the term“opponent”with“associate”could be an ideal way to start.The dictionary meaning of the term“associate”is “colleague”;“friend”;“companion.”Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate”rather than“opponent.” （2）导读：【文章主题】文字语言对运动员在体育竞技中的行为有着很深的影响，应该改变一些体育竞技中使用的语言了。Para. 1-Para.2:论点：是时候将“对手”这个词从体育竞技的术语中删除了。