高中英语语法 词法 第9章 连词和感叹词.docx

1、高中英语语法 词法 第9章 连词和感叹词第9章 连词和感叹词 连词是连接单词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词，在句中不单独作任何成分，一般不重读。感叹词是用以表示人们的各种情感或情绪的词，在句中不作任何成分。一、连词的分类 根据不同的标准，连词可以分为不同的类别。1.按照连词的构成分类 按照其构成可分为简单连词、关联连词、分词连词和短语连词四类。(1)简单连词and 和or 或者but 但是if 如果because 因为so 所以(2)关联连词both.and. 二者都not only.but also. 不仅而且not.but. 不是而是(3)分词连词supposing 如果provided 如

2、果providing 如果given 假如(4)短语连词as if 仿佛as though 仿佛even if 即使even though 即使as long as 只要2.按照连词的性质分类 按照性质，连词可分为并列连词和从属连词。(1)并列连词and 和or 或者but 但是for 因为while 然而when 既然(2)从属连词that (无实义)whether 是否if 是否；如果unless 除非until 直到when 当时before 在之前after 在之后since 自以来because 因为although 虽然though 尽管as if 仿佛as though 仿佛ev

3、en if 即使even though 即使as long as 只要 二、并列连词 并列连词主要用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系、因果推理关系等。1.表示并列关系 表示并列关系的连词主要含有“和”、“补充”、“增加”等意思。用来表达并列关系的连词有如下几个：and 和both.and. 二者都neither.nor.既不也不either.or.或者或者not only.but also不但而且as well as也、连同I used to live in Paris and London.我过去住在伦敦和巴黎。Both Jane and Jim are interested in pop

4、 music.詹妮和吉姆对流行音乐都很感兴趣。The weather here is neither too cold nor too hot.这里的天气既不太冷也不太热。She is not only kind but also honest.她不但和蔼而且诚实。Bob as well as his parents is going on holiday this summer.鲍勃和他的父母今年夏天要去度假。2.表示转折关系 常用来表示转折关系的并列连词有如下几个：but 但是 yet 然而still 仍然 while 然而when 然而、偏偏The car is very old but

5、 it runs very fast.这辆小汽车虽然很旧了，但跑得很快。The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。Why did you borrow the book when you had one?这本书你有一本，为什么偏偏还借呢？The problem was a little hard，yet I was able to work it out.这道题有点难，然而我却把它做出来了。I explained twice，still he couldnt unde

6、rstand.我解释了两遍，然而他却还不懂。注意： while在表示转折关系时，往往连接内容和结构对称的句子。I love strong tea while my father loves coffee.我喜欢浓茶，然而我爸爸却喜欢咖啡。3.表示选择关系 表示选择关系的并列连词有：or 或者either.or.或者或者neither.nor既不也不or else否则otherwise 否则Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?你是想走呢还是想留？Do you go to school by bus or on foot?你上学是坐公

7、共汽车去还是走着去？You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday.你可以星期六来也可以星期天来。Neither you nor I nor anyone else believes such things.不管你我或者其他任何人都不会相信这些事情。注意： both.and.not结构和neither.nor.的区别在于前者表示部分否定，后者指全部否定。Both you and I are not correct.你和我不全正确。Neither you nor I am right.你和我都不正确。4.表示因果推理关系 表示因果关系的并列连词主要有so

8、，for，then，therefore等。The air here is polluted，so the crops are dying.这里的空气受到了污染，所以庄稼快要死了。The leaves of the trees are falling，for its already autumn.树叶在落，因为秋天已经到来了。注意： 并列连词for引导的分句只能放于句尾，前面用逗号隔开，表示补充说明的微弱理由，只是为前面的内容提供推断的理由，有时译为并列的某种形式。这与because不同，because引导的是一种明确的因果关系，解释原因，常可回答why的提问。The days are shor

9、t，for its already December.天短了，因为早是十二月了。He must be at home，for the light in his room is still on.他准在家，因为他屋里的灯还亮着。He was late again because the traffic was too heavy.他又迟到了，因为交通太拥挤。5.几个特殊并列连词的用法 表示并列关系的and，or，as well as，not only.but also.等连词也有比较活跃的用法。(1)and and作并列连词有多重含义，除了可以表示并列关系之外，还可以表示顺承、目的、条件、反复等

10、关系。He went to the market and bought some vegetables.(表示顺承，动作的先后发生。)他到市场买了一些蔬菜。Come and help me out.(表示目的)过来帮我一下。Be careful and youll make fewer mistakes.(表示条件)如果仔细你犯的错误就少。He talked and talked and talked until late into the night.(表示动作反复)他谈呀谈，一直谈到深夜。注意： 在连接三个或三个以上名词或相当于名词的短语时，一般在最后两者之间加and。He got up，

11、washed his face，had breakfast and rushed to school.他起床后，洗了脸，吃完早饭然后奔向学校。(2)or与either.or. 在表示选择关系时or与either.or.用法基本相同，但either.or.更具强调性。在多个对象中进行选择时，可以用A or B or C.，either A or B or C.，neither A nor B nor C.。You can come either today or tomorrow.=You can come today or tomorrow.你可以今天来，也可以明天来。Either Jim o

12、r Jack or Jeff knows about this.要么吉姆，要么杰克，要么杰夫知道这件事。He neither wrote to me，nor telephoned me nor came to see me.他既没给我写信，也没给我打电话，也没来看我。注意： 当or，neither.nor，either.or等连接主语时，谓语动词由or或nor后面的部分而定。Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.老师和学生们都不知道答案。(3)as well as，not only.but also. 名词+as well

13、as+名词作主语时，强调前面的名词，谓语动词要根据前面的名词而定。not only.but also.连接名词作主语时，其强调点在后者，谓语动词要根据后面的名词而定。China as well as many other countries loves peace.中国和世界上的其他许多国家一样热爱和平。Not only Bill but also his parents want to stay in China for another year.不仅比尔而且他父母都想在中国再呆一年。 三、从属连词 从属连词通常引导一个从句，修饰主句。从属连词一般分为两类：引导名词性从句(如主语从句、宾语从

14、句、表语从句、同位语从句)的从属连词和引导状语从句的从属连词。1.引导名词性从句的从属连词 引导名词性从句的从属连词主要有that，if，whether等。I dont think that we should stay another week.(引导宾语从句)我认为我们不该再呆一周。Whether hell come or not is unknown.(引导主语从句)没人知道他是否要来。One interesting thing about travel here is that you dont have to give tips to waiters，maids，guides or

15、everyone.(引导表语从句)在这里旅游的一件有意思的事情是你不用给服务员，女佣，导游或任何人付小费。That there is someone waiting for you is obvious.(引导同位语从句)显然，有人在等你。2.引导状语从句的从属连词 英语中的状语从句共有九类，这些状语从句各有其引导词，有的引导词又可以引导不同类型的状语从句。(1)引导时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有when，while，as，after，before，until/till，since，as soon as等。When you came in，I was talking with

16、a few boys.你进来时，我正和几个小男孩谈话。It started to rain while we were playing outdoors.我们正在室外玩耍时，开始下雨了。They laughed as they walked down the river.他们边沿着河边走边笑。After you finish this form，come to my office.填完这张表格后，来我的办公室。Dont hand in your papers before you are sure there are no mistakes.确保没有错误后再交试卷。Wait here unti

17、l/till I come back.在这里等到我回来。I have lived in England since I was three.我自三岁以来一直住在英格兰。As soon as you feel sick，go to see a doctor.一感觉有病就去看医生。(2)引导地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要是where。I live where there are mountains.我住在多山的地方。You shouldnt go where you are not asked to.你不该去不让你去的地方。(3)引导原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有be

18、cause，since，as等。Well have to go to bed early because well start off early tomorrow.因为明天很早就出发，所以我们只好早睡觉。Since you know all about it，tell me please.既然你都知道，那就告诉我吧。As all the seats were taken，I had to stand.由于所有的位子都坐满了人，我只好站着。(4)引导条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if，unless，once(一旦)等。If you wish to go，please go.如果

19、你想去，请去吧。We wont finish the work in time unless we work hard.除非我们努力工作，否则就不能及时完成这项工作。Once you have made your decision，you shouldnt change it.一旦作出决定就不要改了。(5)引导目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有in order that，so that，so。In order that/So that we can arrive there on time，we should start off early.为了按时赶到那里，我们必须早出发。He

20、played the piano very gently so that/in order that/so the baby could sleep well.他轻轻地弹钢琴，以便让孩子睡好。(6)引导让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although，though，even if，even though。Though/Although Canada is large，the population is small.尽管加拿大面积大，但它的人口少。Even if/Even though we got a local guide，we still had some difficult

21、y walking through the bush.尽管找了一位当地向导，我们经过灌木丛时还是有一些困难。(7)引导结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有：so，so.that.，such.that.，so that。My parents are expecting me，so I must be off now.父母在等我，所以我得走了。He was so careless that he forgot to write his name on the paper.他如此粗心，以致试卷上忘了写名字。Dalian is such a beautiful city that a gre

22、at many people go there for holiday.大连是如此美丽的城市，以致很多人到那里度假。The teacher explained very clearly so that we all understood.老师解释得如此清楚，因此我们都听懂了。(8)引导比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句的从属连词主要有than，as (so).as.。China has a larger population than India (does).中国的人口比印度的多。He speaks English as well as most Americans (do).他的英语说得和大多

23、数美国人的一样好。Some people think that planes now are not so/as safe as trains (are).有些人认为现在飞机没有火车安全。(9)引导方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要有：as，as if，as though等。You should do as I do.你应按我做的做。He walked about as though /if he had lost something.他到处走动着，好像丢了什么东西。 四、感叹词 说话者为了表达各种情感或情绪，如欢欣、惊奇、痛苦、恐惧、咒骂等，突然发出的词称为感叹词。感叹词通常位于句

24、首，也可位于句中或句尾。感叹词没有实在意义，在句中不作任何成分，独立于句子之外，因此又称独立词。常用的感叹词有：oh 啊、噢ah 啊aha 啊哈alas 啊呀phew 啐hurrah 好哇heavens 天哪wow 哇ha ha 哈哈uh-huh 啊哈Oh，I never thought you would come.噢，我从没想到你会来。Wow! What a good idea!哇，多么好的主意啊！Aha，now I see.啊哈，我现在明白了。Heavens! You can believe in such a person!天啊，你怎么信任这么一个人! 点击考点1.Which is b

25、igger，the sun_the moon? A.or B.and C.but D.so2.Why not look up the new word in a dictionary_you dont know it? A.if B.that C.though D.whether3.The twin sisters have learned a lot_they came to China. A.when B.as soon as C.since D.after4.Youll be late for school_you dont hurry. A.if B.whether C.or D.so

26、5._all the passengers are here，why dont we start at once? A.As soon as B.After C.Now that D.When6.I was reading a newspaper_he came in. A.as soon as B.since C.while D.when7.We wont have supper _my brother comes. A.after B.since C.while D.until8._Lily_Lucy may go with you because one of them must sta

27、y at home. A.Not only;but aslo B.Neither;nor C.Both;and D.Either;or9._he was out of the room，he turned back and knocked at the teachers door again. A.Before B.Since C.As soon as D.Until10.Work hard，_youre sure to have a good result in the exam! A.but B.and C.for D.or11.I cant understand this passage

28、_there are no new words in it. A.if B.because C.though D.and12.Come_see my family. A.and B.or C.but D./13.When did you go to bed last night? I didnt go to bed_my father got home. A.until B.while C.after D.when14._Mum had asked Mike to close the windows before he went out，_Mike forgot to do so. A.Tho

29、ugh;/ B.Though;but C.Till;/ D.Until;then15.I like listening to music，_ I dont have much time for it. A.but B.for C.and D.so16.Hurry up，_well be late for the meeting. A.and B.but C.then D.or17.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A.after B.before C.since D.for18.Mr Dick is very old，_he is still healthy. A.so B.because C.but D.since19.Mick turned off the clock alarm_he could sleep late. A.therefore B.however C.so D.that20.All of us enjoy playing computer games，_we cant spend too much time on it. A.and B.or C.but D.so答案：1.A 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.C