第一讲 听力.docx

1、第一讲 听力第一讲 听力A.背景知识* 听力考试的总长度为20分钟，分值为20分。*题目朗读的口音主要包括英式和美式。B. 语言因素在听力中的运用。（课下练习资料：上外大英听力 Microskills 部分即可） 1、语音知识听力不同于阅读，要求同学们必须具备准确辨音的能力.在正确掌握每个单词的发音的同时，必须注意以下几个方面：（1）英语中最小对立体的发音 如ship-sheep, cheap - chip, pig -peg, sack -sock等，有针对性地进行发音训练，比如绕口令之类的练习，如She sells sea cells by the seashore. If she sel

2、ls sea cells by the seashore, then she sells seashore cells. 识别技巧:与上下文联系 （2）语调。语调是说话者表达情感的一种手段，同样一个句子如果语调不同，则意思就有可能发生变化，如： Open the door, will you? Open the door, wont you? 用升调表示一种请求，用降调表示命令。 1）听力测试中有时会出现这样一种情况，当一方提出一个问题时，另一方立即用升调重复这句话中的某一关键词语，通常表示答话人对这一关键性词语所表达意义的否定、怀疑等情绪。She has thirteen brothers.

3、Thirteen /brothers?2）从反问句判断说话人的意图M：I think Im going to give up playing tennis. I lost again today. W：Just because you lost，is that the reason to quit? Q: What does the woman imply? Your answer _# I want choose four courses for next semesterwont four be wiser?Your answer _#I am going to spend the mor

4、ning sightseeing.why not the whole day?Your answer _# W: Where do you want to eat? M: Is there anything wrong with the coffee shop? Q: What does the man mean?Your answer _4)反意疑问句# M: Im terribly sorry Im late, but I just couldnt help it.I got there as soon as I could.W: Well, its not soon enough, is

5、 it?（3）连读：连读时语速加快，连读的单词之间没有了间隔，会给理解带来困难。如： inor out, year in and year out, for an hour(4)失去爆破 take part in, postpone (5)强读/弱读 the bus the earth bother us it is them not us （6）词重音content record （7）句重音 John bought a bike yesterday at the department store.（8）意群：听力时不能一个单词一个单词地去理解，应该注意意群，因为意群之间间隔之处正是停顿之处

6、，注意下列语句朗读时停顿的差别： John said, My father is here.John, said my father, is here.She likes pineapples. She likes pie and apples.He sold his houseboat and trailer.He sold his house, boat, and trailer.（9）注意同音字：有些单词发音相同，也可能给听力理解带来困难，如：What is black and white, and read (red) all over? 这里在听的时候，很难分请是read还是red。

7、（10）连写youre right your right（11）美式英语 两个元音之间的轻辅音浊化Betty bought a bit of better butter（12）同化 词内 newspaper, 语流used to last year would/could you2、词汇和语法(1)加强同义表达方式的听力训练：在听力选择中，相当一部分情况下，答案就是对话信息的同义表达方式。如：W: The speech the blind girl gave this evening was extremely touching.M: I think everybody felt the sa

8、me.Q: How did the man feel about the girls speech? Your answer _A. It was boring. B. It was entertaining.C. It was moving. D. It was encouraging.M: Nancy, why were you late today?W: I overslept and missed the bus.Q: Why was Nancy late? (1999.1) Your answer _A. She got up later than usual. B. The bus

9、 was late.C. She forgot she had classes. D. Her clock was slow.（2）加强语法概念的单句理解练习：听力测试中有相当一部分情况下，有对语法结构表意功能的考查，如虚拟语气的含义，建议的表达方式等。如：W: We do need another bookshelf in this room. But the problem is the space for it.M: How about moving the old dining table to the kitchen?Q: What does the man suggest they

10、 should do? (1995.6) Your answer _A. Finding a larger room. B. Sell the old table.C. Buy two bookshelves. D. Rearrange some furniture.W: The movie starts in 5 minutes and there is bound to be a long line.M: Why dont we come back for the next show? Im sure it would be less crowded.Q: What is the man

11、suggesting? ( 1996.6)Your answer _A. Coming back for a later show. B. Waiting in a queue.C. Coming back in five minutes. D. Not going to the movie today.M: What do you think of my paper?W: The ideas are good. If I were you, though, Id rewrite the last two paragraphs to make it better. Q: What is the

12、 womans comment on the mans paper? (1996.1) Your answer _A. The ideas of the paper are not convincing.B. Some parts of the paper are not well written.C. The handwriting of the paper is not good.D. The paper is not complete. (3)熟悉常用常考短语、口语、俚语out of question/out of the questionget something across put

13、 up with call off/put off not feel oneself under the weather pull ones leg can not wait to count the days（4）弄清楚到底是肯定还是否定far from itit is impossible withoutcan hardly/seldom/few/little/ a few/a little /quiet a few /not a few /not a little/ not a bityou can never be too carefuli can agree with you mor

14、enothing but /anything but /all but/by all means /by no means（5）特别要熟悉各个类型的比较格式1) 倍数形容词/副词比较级than The girl is ten times cleverer than her brother. 2)倍数as+形容词/副词/(名词)as His apartment is three times as large as that of mine. Americans eat( )as they actually need every day. (CET-4 1998,6) A) twice as mu

15、ch protein B) twice protein as much twice C) twice protein as much D) protein as twice 3)倍数名词 The sun is many times the size of the moon. 4)动词倍数 The pants have shortened two times since they were bought. 5)动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数 The landlord wanted to raise the rent by a third. Between 1974 and 1997, the n

16、umber of overseas visitors expanded ( )27%. (CET-4 2000,1) A) by B) for C) to D) in I. 对话: CET对话式听力题指导 1、问题类型 A节每组对话一般是在一男一女之间进行的一问一答。问题一般由先讲话的人提出。题目均以问句形式出现，其中多数是特殊疑问句。这些问题涉及的内容大致归纳如下： A、多用来问以下内容： 1)问“是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类”等，如： Whatisthemansanswer? Whatdoesthewomanwantforlunch? Whataretheytalkingabout?

17、 Whatkindofbooksdoesthemanwanttoborrow? 2)问“做什么”，如： Whatdoesthewomantellthemantodofirst? Whatarethespeakersdoingnow? WhatwillhappenifJohnfailstheexam? 3)问“什么含义”，如： Whatdoesthemanmean(imply)? Whatdoesthewomansanswersuggest? 4)问“从对话中能获得什么信息或结论”，如： Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation? Whatcanbeconcludedf

18、romthisconversation? 5)问“对某人或某事有什么看法”，如： WhatdoesthemanthinkofMissBrown? Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheplan? B、A节中用提出的问题主要问“对话可能是在什么场所发生的”，即： Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace? Wheredoesthisconversationmostlikelyoccur? Wherearethemanandwoman? C、可能问以下几个方面的情况： 1)问钟点（可用替换），如： Man(M):Whattimedi

19、dyesterdaysfootballmatchstart? Woman(W):Itwassupposedtostartataquarterto7,butitwasdelayedanhour. Question(Q):Whendidthegamefinallystart? 2)问在哪个星期或星期几（后者可用替换），如： W:Ithoughttogototownnow.Ihavesomeshoppingtodo. M:Dontspendtoomuch,Iwontgetpaiduntilnextweek. Q:Whenwillhebepaid? 3)问日期，如： Whenwillthewinter

20、vacationbegin? D、用提问的问题可以问原因，也可以问目的，如： Whyisthemanlate? Whydidthemanrepairthecarbyhimself? E、可能问对话者某一方的身份、对话人之间的关系或对话中涉及到的其他人的情况，如： W:MayIhelpyou,Sir?二、 M:Ihopeso.Itsmywatch.Ibroughtitintoberepaired,butIvelosttheReceipt. Q:Whoistheman? F、主要针对以下内容提问： 1)问做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具，如： Howdidtheteacherusuallybeg

21、inhisclass? Howdoesthemanusuallygotowork? 2)问“对某事的感受如何”，如： Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthemovie? Howdoyoulikethefilm? G、问“多少”，属于涉及数字的题，可能有以下几种形式： Howmanypersons.? Howmanydozensof.does.want? Howmuchdoes.? Howoldis.? Howlongdoesittake.to.? A节的问句根据疑问词划分，大致可以归为以上七类。节中偶尔也有个别一般疑问句。但也可能出现其它类型的问句，（如以Whom,Whose,Wh

22、ich提问），或针对以上未归纳的内容进行提问。 2、对话内容分类 若按对话内容分类，则可分为以下几种类型： A、时间类：包括直接型和计算型。如： W:YourlibrarybooksaredueonDecember13th.Ifyouhavenotfinishedusingthembythen,youmayrenewthemonce. M:Thankyouverymuch.Ionlyneedthemforafewdays. Q:Whenmustthemanreturnhisbookstothelibrary? B、数字类：包括直接型和计算型。如： W:Doyouliveinacollegedo

23、rmitory? M:Yes,Ido.Itsasix-mansuite,butatthemomentonlyfourofuslivethere. Q:Howmanypeoplesharethesuitenow? C、地点类：包括直接型和含蓄型。如： M:Ineedtocashthischeck? W:Willyousteprightovertothetellerswindow,please? Q:Whereistheconversationmostprobablytakingplace? D、否定类：此类对话既可以含有not,no,neither,nor等否定词，也有but,although等

24、转折词，或由wouldrather,too.to结构及虚拟语气等表达。因此，对于后者要特别加以注意。如： M:Ann,doyouhaveanyextramoneyyoucouldloanme? W:IwishIcouldhelpyou.Iwentshoppingyesterday.NowIhaveonlytwodollarstilltheendoftheweek. Q:Willthemanborrowanymoneyfromthewoman? 此题的答案肯定是No。听这段话时要抓住IwishIcouldhelpyou.这一关键话语。这句话虽然从表面上看是肯定式，但却隐含着ImsorryIcan

25、thelpyou.的意思。 E、人物类：包括人物关系、人物身份两类。此类对话提供一个情节，能反映所涉及的人的关系或身份。如： M:Goodevening,Madam.Thereisatablefortwooverthere.Thisway,please. W:Thankyou.CouldIseethemenu,please? Q:Whatstherelationshipbetweenthemanandwoman? A)Husbandandwife.B)Waiterandcustomer. C)Salesmanandcustomer.D)Hostandguest. F、活动类：这一类谈话内容可涉

26、及上课、娱乐、工作、日常生活等各种 情况。如： W:AreyougoingtoNewYorknextweekend? M:Yes,ImgoingtolookupBillwhileImthere. Q:Whatsthemangoingtodo? 这类对话中往往先后出现几种情况，要注意听问句是什么，然后再作出选择。 3、几种常见的解题方法 A节中的对话虽然简短，但多数情况下，往往不能从听到的内容中找到与选择项内容完全相同的部分，即对话中一般没有现成的答案。因此，在听的时候要注意抓住选择项的同义或反义词（组）用辨别法答题（解活动类多用此方法），或根据对话内容采用归纳、推论或辨别的方法回答。用这种方法

27、答题，类型不仅仅限于诸如whatdoesthemanmean?这样的题目，其它如含蓄人物类、人物身份类、含蓄地点类、否定类题目也与此类似。如： W:Howdoyouliketheplayyousawlastnight? M:Well,Ishouldhavestayedathome. Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheplay? A)Itisexciting.B)Itisboring. C)Hedidntseetheplay.D)Helikeitverymuch. 对话中“Ishouldhavestayedathome.”（我真该待在家里），这句话已婉转地表明他不喜欢这出戏，而对没有待在家里表示遗憾、后悔(shouldhavedonesomething这种结构可用来表示“对应该发生而实际上没有发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔或谴责”)。能使他产生此感想的原因自然是“Theplayisboring.”（演出令人厌烦），因而是正确的答案。否定类题目多含有虚拟语气、语气否定、暗示比喻、强化