省重点中学中考中考英语总复习14 完形填空.docx

1、省重点中学中考中考英语总复习14 完形填空专题14 完形填空解读考点完形填空完形填空是一种在语意封闭的情况下考察学生阅读能力及掌握语言基础知识能力的综合性题目。学生应根据语义完整、语法正确、合乎逻辑的原则进行通篇阅读。借助文章的现成文字，通过逻辑思维，联系上下文，推断出可能的答案，使补足后的短文结构完整，意义通畅。直击考点完形填空的特点1.完形填空题能够较为准确地检查学生的各项知识水平和综合运用语言知识的能力。这种题型的主要考查内容为：词语辨析、基本句型、基础语法;固定搭配与习惯表达;阅读理解能力和逻辑推理能力。近年来，完形填空题更侧重对语言应用能力、阅读理解能力的考查。完形填空题(cloze

2、 test)有以下两大特点和规律：第一、一篇完形填空题是一个有机的整体尽管看起来形式上有残缺(若干个空)，但它的内容、语言习惯，句与句之间的衔接点，句子与段落之间的联系，段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中。因此，在做完形填空题时，通读全文、明了大意、理清观点、分清层次是十分重要的一步。考生解题时必须自始至终依托语境，注意上下文之间、词与词之间，从语法到意义的合理搭配。尤其要注意短文中承上启下的过渡词等，如so, but, however, then, therefore, also等。第二、完形填空题选材广泛它涉及社会、政治、经济;文化、教育、历史、地理、科普知识、人物故事等。

3、因此，考生做完形填空题时，要快速通览全文，了解文章概貌与各段落的中心意思，把握文章主旨脉络，掌握文章作者的意图。在平时学习中，要注意从以下几个方面训练和提高。完形填空题的设空规律 上下文直接信息题：本类题的设置特点是：四个选项之间不存在词义区别和用法比较。考生应着眼于对上下文信息的捕捉和对上下文暗示的领会。 词、句、文三结合理解题：本类题的设置特点是：其中某一个或几个选项代入空白处会使句意不通或严重违背上下句意义的衔接或直接与短文内容不符，考生在做这类题时要对各选项的词义作准确的把握。 词义辨析题：本类题的设置特点是：各选项代入空中后该句的语法都是正确的，但是句子出现了几种不同的含义。在做这类

4、题时，考生要认真比较各词之间的细微差别。 语法知识和固定短语考查题：考生在解答本类题时要注意句子的语法结构要正确：如时态、语态等;对固定短语要注意其结构的完整性。 行文逻辑和全文中心把握题：本类题的设空特点是：把各选项中的对象代入空格中可导致上下文之间出现因果关系、递进关系、转折关系、条件关系等。做本类题时，考生要注意全文的主线或脉络，仔细分析上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而准确地选出正确答案。三 做题中的推测手段 根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推测：注意上下文的逻辑联系和文章的逻辑关系是做好完形填空题的关键，它要求考生在了解文章大意的基础上，联系上下文，运用思维逻辑进行比较、判断，找出既符合词义、句意，

5、又符合上下文语境，合理的正确答案。 根据语篇标志进行推测：语篇一般是指比单一句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇和语篇之间往往有标明其内在联系的词语，这些词语称为“语篇标志”，例如：表示结构层次的firstly, secondly等，表示逻辑关系的therefore, so, but等，表示话题改变的by the way等。在做完形填空题时，充分利用这些语篇标志可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文之间的关系。 根据文化背景知识进行推测：完形填空题考查的知识面较广，从文化、科学常识，到历史地理知识;从风俗民情到民族习惯等等，无所不考。考生在做这类题时，要特别注意中西文化方面所存在的差异。具

6、备了一定的文化背景知识，才能比较准确地判断正确答案。 根据常识进行判断：中学生已经掌握了较丰富的科学与生活常识，也具备了一定的判断能力。在考查语言知识和技能的同时，考查这些简单的常识性的问题，也是对学生知识面的检测。 根据语法知识进行推测：对于考查语法知识的考题，不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点进行分析，并根据其语法结构和句式特点进行合理推测，从而迅速解决问题。 运用词汇知识推测答案：完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要集中在词语的搭配和同义词的辨析两大方面。要做好这类题目，首先要有较大的词汇量，较强的词语搭配能力，以及在语句中理解词义的能力，做题时要结合上下文的语

7、境，确定词的意义。2年中考2014年题组1【2014年湖南省娄底市中考】完形填空 通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C 3个选项中，选出1个最佳答案。（共10小题，计10分）Mrs. Chen lives with her son and her daughter in Loudi. She is very busy. After school Mrs. Chen takes her 1 rom football to basketball. Then she has to take her daughter to piano lessons. The tired child

8、ren dont get 2 until 7 p.m. They have a quick 3 , and its time for homework.Most of the parents do the 4 things not only in Loudi but also in Changsha. They take their children from activity to activity. They want them to do things as many as possible. This makes children 5 too much pressure(压力). Te

9、achers say their students are very tired in the 6 and cant study well.Only a few of parents 7 about such pressure. They say “Parents send their kids to all kinds of classes when they are very 8 , its crazy. People shouldnt push their kids so hard.”Dr Li also says “Parents should give their kids a bi

10、t more 9 to themselves. Children need organized(组织的) activities. They also need time to relax, and they need time to do things 10 .A. son B. daughter C. friendA. school B. home C. stationA. breakfast B. lunch C. supperA. same B. different C. happyA. across B. under C. overA. classroom B. bedroom C.

11、libraryA. decide B. hurt C. knowA. easy B. old C. youngA. books B. time C. fruitsA. by themselves B. of course C. by the way【答案】ABCABACCBA考查语境理解及名词辨析。Classroom教室；bedroom卧室；library 图书馆。结合语境可知老师说的是他们的学生在课堂上非常累，故选A。考查语境理解及动词辨析。Decide决定；hurt伤害，弄伤；know 知道，了解。句意：只有少数几个父母理解这种压力。故选C。考查语境理解及形容词辨析。Easy轻松的，容易的

12、；old旧的，老的；young 年轻的。联系前半句描述，可知此处指的是，当孩子年轻的时候，故选C。考查语境理解及名词辨析。Books书籍；time时间；fruits 水果。结合语境可知此处指的是多给孩子一点时间，故选B。考查语境理解及短语辨析。by themselves靠自己；of course当然了；by the way 顺便说说。句意：他们需要时间来自己做事情。故选A。考点：考查教育类短文2【2014年甘肃省兰州市中考】完形填空(共1 0小题：每小题l分，满分l 0分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。 The grass looks greener

13、on the other side of the fence. Thats an old 1 in English. It means other places often look better, more interesting than the place 2 you live. Some people worry 3 young Chinese are beginning to feel that way. They see young Chinese ignoring Chinese culture and, instead, 4 Japanese cartoon books, wa

14、tching Korean soap operas and even celebrating western holidays. Foreign books and soap operas are good, 5 Chinese writers and actors are just as good. As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can 6 have the meaning for Chinese that Spring Festival has, and the West has nothing to compare with Mid

15、-autumn Festival. And lets not forget the part of Chinese culture I like best: 7 friendliness. Not all countries are as 8 as China. Its good to enjoy other cultures and to learn 9 them, but they cannot replace your own culture. Its good to look on the other side of the fence, but 10 you take a good

16、long look. You will find that the grass isnt always greener on the other side of the fence.A. saying B. words C. voice D. talkA. why B. when C. where D. howA. if B. that C. what D. whetherA. buy B. refusing C. refused D. buyingA. but B. so C. or D. becauseA. always B. ever C. still D. neverA. it B.

17、they C. its D. theirA. warmer B. warm C. co1d D. colderA. from B. with C. to D. overA. make up B. make sure C. make up of D. be sure to【答案】 ACBDADCBAB考查连词及语境理解。句意：外国书籍和肥皂剧是很好的，但中国作家和演员一样好。A. but 但是； B. so 因此；C. or 或者；D. because因为。此处有转折意味，故选A。考查副词及语境理解。句意：对节日而言，圣诞节虽好，但她从来不会有中国春节的意味。A. always 总是；B. ev

18、er 曾经；C. still 仍，还； D. never从来没有，根据句意及选项意思，故选D考查物主代词及语境理解。句意：让我们不要忘记我最喜欢中国文化的部分：它的友好。此处物主代词代替文化的，而culture是个不可数名词，所以用单数its，故选C。考查形容词原级比较及语境理解。句意：不是所有的国家都像中国一样的温暖。“asas”中间加原级，所以AD不对，根据语境只能选warm，而不能用cold，故选B。考查固定短语及语境理解。句意：享受其他文化和向他们学习很好，但他们不能代替你自己的文化。固定短语“learn from”学习，故选A考查动词短语及语境理解。句意：看看篱笆的另一边是好的，但一

19、定要好好看看。A. make up 弥补；B. make sure 务必，一定；后面接从句； C. make up of 由组成； D.be sure to一定要，后面接动词原形，从句子结构“you take a good long look”看，这是一个句子，故选B。考点：教育类短文 。3. 【2014年福建省漳州市中考】完形填空(每小题15分，计15分) 从A、B、C三个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 Its after 10：00 a.m and the kids are still sleepingIts Sundaya traditional day of 46 Most p

20、eople have at least one day a week to take a restSome use that time to go to church，while some usually sleep in，watch TV，giving themselves the gift of a 47 day. We need to give ourselves a break ,and a little rest works well for almost 48 It doesnt really matter what the activity isThe idea is to gi

21、ve our body, mind ,and heart a chance to 49 If we keep going at full speed every day，we can be really tired Some people find 50 hard to take a real vacationAs a matter of fact，many people died early 51 they were too busy to have a break. Remember that we 52 work well if we never stop to take a restI

22、t doesnt matter 53 we do thisPick anytime that works best for usand make it a plan 54 this and discuss it with othersThe idea here is that by giving ourselves a break and just enjoying aday off，we can make our lives 55 and create greater good in our world.Arest Bworking CentertainmentAtired Bbusy C1

23、azyAsomebody Beverybody CnobodyAexercise Bdevelop CrelaxAit Bthis Cthat Athough Bbecause CifAcant Bmustnt CneedntAwhen Bwhy ChowALook at BCare for CThink about Agood Bbetter Cbest【答案】ACBCABAACB考查代词及语境的理解。Asomebody某人； Beverybody每一个人； Cnobody没有人。对于我们每一个人休息一会就会效果很好。根据常识可知休息对每个人都会起作用的，故选B。考查动词及语境的理解。Aex

24、ercise锻炼； Bdevelop发展； Crelax方松。想法就是给我们的身体、思想和身心一个放松的机会。根据We need to give ourselves a break ,and a little rest works well for almost 48 可知休息就是放松，故选C。考查代词及语境的理解。Ait 它； Bthis这个； Cthat那个。一些人发现很难真正休假。这里是句式find it +形容词+to do 发现做某事怎样。这里it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式，故选 A。考查连词及语境的理解。Athough尽管； Bbecause 因为； Cif如果。事实

25、上，许多人很早就死了，因为他们太忙而不能休息。这里表示前后是因果关系，所以选B。考查情态动词词及语境的理解。Acant 不能； Bmustnt禁止； Cneednt不必。如果我们不能停下来休息，记住那么就不能很好地工作。根据句意这里指的是不能，故选A。考查连词及语境的理解。Awhen什么时间； Bwhy 为什么； Chow怎样。当我们这样做的时候没关系。根据句意故选A。考查动词短语及语境的理解。ALook at看看； BCare for关心，照顾； CThink about考虑。考虑一下这个问题，和其他的人在一起讨论一下。根据短文的最后一句可知故选C。考查形容词及语境的理解。 Agood 好；

26、 Bbetter更好； Cbest最好。我们能够使我们的生活更加美好。根据create greater good in our world 可知这里指与以前相比可知应该用比较级，故选B。考点：日常生活类短文。2015年题组1. 【广州市2015年初中毕业生学业考试英语】完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从3645各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Kierman was born in Sydney, Australia, and grew up near the sea. For more than 40 years

27、, he raced in international sailing competitions. In 1987, Kierman was competing in an around-the-world race when he began to 36 the huge amount of rubbish in the worlds oceans. When he returned to Australia, he 37 to do something about it. He organized a community 38 called “Clean Up Sydney Harbour

28、.” On Sunday, January 8, 1989, more than 40,000 volunteers came out to 39 away rubbish. The next year, Kierman made the clean-up a national event. It was a huge 40 . Across Australia, about 300,000 people spent the day improving their local 41 . Since then, “Clean Up Australia” has got 42 every year

29、. In 2002, for example,800,000 people cleaned up almost 15,000 tons of rubbish from Australias beaches, parks and streets. Kierman was 43 with the success of his project. In 2003, he started an even bigger program. With the 44 of the United Nations Environment Program, he introduced “Clean Up the Wo

30、rld”, an international program that supports communities around the world in cleaning up and protecting the environment. “Clean Up the World” has grown 45 and his wonderful idea has now spread from one city to the whole world. 36. A. save B. collect C. notice D. produce 37. A. refused B. decided C.

31、pretended D. stopped 38. A. law B. party C. company D. event 39. A. clear B. send C. turn D. give 40. A. problem B. success C. surprise D. failure 41. A. culture B. project C. government D. environment 42. A. older B. smaller C. bigger D. faster 43. A. happy B. angry C. disappointed D. concerned 44. A. need B. help C. hope D. action 45. A. loudly B. gently C. rapidly D. busily 【答案】36.C37.B38.D39.A40.B41.D42.C43.A44.B45.C【解析】43.A考查形容