考研英语真题来源报刊阅读100篇.docx

1、考研英语真题来源报刊阅读100篇2010考研英语真题来源报刊阅读100篇1Thermoelectrics：Every little helpsHERE is a thought: approximately 60% of the energy converted in power generation is wasted. The price of energy is high, both in terms of the actual cost to the consumer and the consequences of the climate change that generating

2、power from fossil fuels causes. If even a small proportion of this wasted heat could be converted to useful power, it would be a good thing.At this weeks meeting of the American Physical Society, in Baltimore, Mercouri Kanatzidis of Michigan State University proposed such a scheme. He advocates atta

3、ching thermoelectric devices that convert heat into electricity to chimney stacks and vehicle exhausts, to squeeze more useful energy from power generation.The technology to do so has existed for years. If one end of an electrical conductor is heated while the other is kept cool, a small voltage is

4、created between the two. Placing two dissimilar metals, or other electrically conductive materials, in contact with each other and then heating them also generates a voltage. Such devices, called thermocouples, are nowadays usually made using semiconductors. They are widely used as thermometers. But

5、 if they could be made cheaper, or more efficient, or both, they could also be employed to generate power.Dr Kanatzidis is developing new thermoelectric materials designed to be capable of converting up to 20% of the heat that would otherwise be wasted into useful electricity. The challenge lies in

6、finding a substance that conducts electricity well and heat badly. These two properties define what physicists call the “figure of merit” of a thermoelectric substance, which describes the power a device made of that substance could generate. Dr Kanatzidiss group aims to make materials with higher f

7、igures of merit than those attainable with todays semiconductors.Since the electrical properties of solids depend on their crystal structures, his group is experimenting with new atomic lattices. In particular, they are working on a group of chemicals called chalcogenides. These are compounds of oxy

8、gen, sulphur, selenium and tellurium that are thought to be particularly suitable for thermoelectric applications because their structure allows electric currents to flow while blocking thermal currents. They thus have a high figure of merit. Dr Kanatzidiss group is developing new ways of making the

9、se compounds crystallise correctly.But even existing devices could become economically useful as fuel prices rise, Dr Kanatzidis argues. In America, transport accounts for a quarter of the energy used. Fitting small thermoelectric devices to the exhaust pipes of vehicles could squeeze another 10% fr

10、om the fuela saving that would be especially relevant in hybrid petrol/electric devices where the battery is recharged in part by recycling energy that would otherwise be dissipated by energy-draining activities such as braking. Similarly, attaching thermoelectric devices to the flues of power plant

11、s could generate more useful power.And thermoelectric devices could be used in other areas. They could work alongside solar cells and solar heating systems. They could also be used in geothermal and nuclear power plants. Dr Kanatzidis argues that wherever heat is generated as part of power generatio

12、n, thermoelectric devices could help extract more useful energy. Waste not, want not.考研词汇：converted a.更换信仰的, 修改的advocate n.提倡者，鼓吹者；v.提倡，鼓吹真题例句One of the first advocates (n.) for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. 2005年新题型例句精译 Laval大学一位研究人员是首先提出创立全国性代理机构的倡导者之一。真题例句The journalist ad

13、vocating (v.) participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.2000年阅读5例句精译 倡导终生参与民主制的新闻记者却把自己的子女送进私立学校。capablea.有本领的，有能力的；（of）可以的，能的真题例句I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization

14、process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable () of meeting customers demands.2001年阅读4例句精译 我认为，推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的力量，包括日趋下降的运输与通讯费用，较低的贸易与投资壁垒，以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求而进行的扩大生产。compoundn.混合物，

15、化合物；a.混合的，化合的，复合的；v.合成真题例句Vitamins are organic compounds (n.) necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.1996年完形例句精译 维生素是有机化合物，饮食中必须含有少量维生素以维持动物（包括人）的生存和正常生长。merit n.优点，价值，功绩；v.值得，应得drain n.排水沟，阴沟；消耗，负担；v.排去，放干背景常识介绍：热电转换技术是一种利用半导体材

16、料实现热能和电能直接相互转换的绿色能源技术。使用这项技术，利用农作物、垃圾、汽车余热甚至人体热能，在住宅、农庄、汽车上就可以建立一个小型发电系统，满足人们对小功率电能的需求。采用不同的热电材料可以制成发电器或者制冷器，它们无须使用传动部件，系统体积小，适用温度范围广，工作时无噪音，与太阳能、风能、水能等二次能源一样，具有不排放污染物的优点。参考译文：热电学：每一小部分都是有用的有人认为，在发电过程中，其中大约有60%的能量在其转化成电能时被浪费掉。无论从消费者的实际花费， 还是从用化石燃料发电所引起的气候变化的角度而言，使用能源的代价都是很高的。如果把浪费掉的很小的一部分热能转换为有用的能量，

17、这都是件好事。美国物理学会本周在巴尔的摩举行的例会上，密歇根州立大学的Mercouri Kanatzidis建议，把热电转化装置安装在烟囱和车辆排气管上，从而获得更多可用能源。这项技术已经研发出好多年了。如果电导体一段加热，另一端不加热，就会在电导体两端产生少量的电压。把两种不同的金属或其他非金属电导体连在一起，进行加热，也会产生一定的电压。这样的装置被称为热电偶，现在通常由半导体材料制成。这些热电偶被广泛用作温度计。如果它们的造价再低一些，或效用再高一些，或同时降低造价、提高效用，就可以用它们来发电了。Kanatzidis博士正在研发的一种新型热电材料，可以将原本会浪费掉的热能中的20%转化

18、为电能。他目前面临的困难是，要找到一种物质，同时是很好的电导体又是热的不良导体。这两种属性决定着热电材料的“品质因数”。“品质因数”是用来描述用热电材料所制成的元器件的输出功率的单位。Kanatzidis博士团队的目标就是研制出“品质因数”更高的热电材料。由于固体的导电性能由其晶体结构所决定，Kanatzidis博士团队于是实验新的原子晶格。具体来说，他们就是在研究一种叫做“硫系化合物”的化学品，其成分包括氧、硫、砷、碲。这些元素被认为很适于热电应用，因为它们的结构能够在阻挡热流的同时允许电子流通过。因此，它们具有很高的“品质因数”。Kanatzidis博士团队正在研究能够使这些化合物适当结晶

19、的方法。Kanatzidis博士认为，随着化石燃料价格上涨，即便是当前的热电装置，也可以变得更经济实用。在美国，交通运输所需能源占能源消耗总量的四分之一。在机动车排气管上安装小型的热电装置，可以节省另外10%的燃料。这部分燃料所包含的能量，在混合燃料发动机或电动发动机运转的过程中，通过位于发动机上的电池充电，被部分的再次利用，成为循环能量，从而不至于在诸如刹车这样的能量流动过程中白白流失。同理，在发电厂的烟囱上安装热电装置，就可以收集更多的能量，从而发更多的电。热电装置还可以用于其他领域，比如太阳能电池和太阳能加热系统。除此以外，还可以用在地热发电厂和核电站。Kanatzidis博士认为，热电

20、装置可以收集发电过程中产生的热能，并将其转化为其他可用能量。俭以防匮。2010考研英语真题来源报刊阅读100篇2Tracking your every moveSome families in America and elsewhere have started buying child friendly mobile phones outfitted with GPS (Global Positioning System) technology.These phones and their related tracking services allow parents to pinpoint

21、 the location of their children with ease. Parents agree to pick up the phone bill in return for the reassurance of knowing where their children are; children are prepared to put up with the snooping if they are allowed to have a phone.Mobile operators in America are now launching tracking services.

22、 Under a federal mandate known as E911, they had to upgrade their networks to ensure that anyone dialling the 911 emergency number could be located to within 100 metres. Some operators opted for triangulation technology, which determines the location of the handset by comparing the signals received

23、by different base stations. But Verizon and Sprint chose to adopt the more expensive but more accurate GPS technology instead, and are now looking for ways to make money from it.Verizon calls its service Chaperone. For $10 a month, parents can call up the location of their childs LG Migo handset fro

24、m their own mobile phones, or from a PC. The child receives a message saying that the handsets position has been requested, and the parents receive an address, or a marker on a web based ap, giving the childs location. For an extra $10 per month, they can sign up for Child Zone, a service that, amon

25、g other things, fires off an alert when a youngster (or, at least, the youngsters handset) trays outside a specified area.For its part, Sprint has launched a similar service that can also let parents know when a child arrives at a particular location.Another location service is available from Nextel

26、, a mobile operator that was taken over by Sprint in 2005. Nextel opened up some of its systems to enable other firms to build their own software and services on top of its GPS technology. One example is AccuTracking, a small company which offers a tracking service for $6 a month and boasts that it

27、is ideal for vehicle tracking or to keep virtual eyes on kids. Some customers are also using the service to track their spouses, by hiding phones in their cars.Mine is hidden under the hood, hot-wired to the battery-it works very well and it is easy to hook up continuous power, writes one customer o

28、n AccuTrackings message board, who is tracking her husband.Start-ups are working on everything from city-wide games of hide-and-seek to monitoring the locations of Alzheimers patients. Services that monitor jogging routes, and work out distance travelled and calories consumed, might also prove popul

29、ar.As a result, mobile operators, handset-makers and start-ups could transform and expand a small, specialist market hitherto dominated by expensive, dedicated tracking systems.考研词汇：outfit n.装备，供给pinpoint n. 精确a.极微小的v.查明reassurancen. 放心snoopsnu:pvi. 探听, 调查, 偷窃 n.到处窥视, 爱管闲事的人, 私家侦探federala.联邦的真题例句A f

30、ew premiers are suspicious of any federal provincial deal making.2005年新题型例句精译 有几个省的政府官员对这种全国性代理机构持怀疑态度。spousen.配偶（指夫或妻），保证人，主办人；vt.发起，主办；v.赞助背景常识介绍：GPS全称为全球定位系统，它是一种基于卫星的导航系统，其精确度已经达到10米以内。而用户无需为接收的卫星信号本身支付任何费用。而在手机上或者其他掌上移动设备中，当GPS的定位功能与数字地图相结合时，就可以为人们提供更加具体的更加直观的导航帮助，而不是仅仅告诉你目前的经度、纬度。特别是GPS系统与手机的结

31、合，更是方便了大家的出行，既可以方便联系，也可以实现车载GPS系统的导航功能。参考译文：追踪你的一举一动美国与其他地方的一些家庭已开始购买适合儿童使用，配有GPS（全球卫星定位系统）的移动电话。这种电话与相关的追踪服务让父母可以轻而易举地查明孩子在什么地方。父母很情愿支付这笔电话费以知晓孩子身在何处，以换来自己的放心。孩子们想要父母给他们买个电话，则必须愿意忍受被秘密监视。美国的移动电话运营商们正在推出追踪服务。遵照一条叫做E911的联邦法令，他们要升级服务网络，确保能找到任何拨打911呼救电话的人所处的位置，误差不超过100米。一些运营商采用了三角定位技术，此技术通过比较不同基站接收的手机信

32、号来确定手机所处的位置。Verizon 与 Sprint 两个运营商则选用了更昂贵、但更精确的GPS技术，现在正在此基础上推出新服务，希望能以此赚钱。Verizon 把它的服务叫做陪护者。每月花上10美元，父母用手机或个人电脑发出一个要求，就可以知道他们孩子的LG Migo手机的位置。孩子会收到一条该手机的位置被要求发送的信息，父母则收到一个地址，或是网络地图上的一个标记，指示出孩子的位置。如果每月多付10美元，父母就可以成为一个叫孩子地带的用户，如果一个年轻人（或至少是这年轻人的手机）在一个特定的区域外游荡时，该服务就会立刻发出警告给父母，类似的服务还有一些。Sprint在这方面是怎么做的呢？它推出了类似的服务，也能让父母知道孩子什么时候到达某个地点。2005年被Sprint兼并的Nextel 则有另一项定位服务。Nextel开放了它的部分系统，可以让其他公司在其GPS技术平台上建立自己的软件与服务。Accu寻踪公司就是一个范例，这家小公司提供的追踪服务每月收费6美元，号称是理想的车辆追踪工具，还可以时刻盯着孩子。有些客