全国高校英语应用能力考试B级重点难点.docx

1、全国高校英语应用能力考试B级重点难点全国高校英语应用能力考试B级重点难点虚拟语气If引导的条件从句主句现在时动词的过去式（be动词过去式用were）Would/should/could/might+动词原形过去时Had+过去分词Would/should/could/ might +have+过去分词将来时Should+动词原形/were to+动词原形Would/should/could/might+动词原形虚拟语气用在状语从句中。虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。A与现在事实相反的：IfI(we,yo

2、u,he,they)+动词过去式.ifI(he,she)were.I(we)should+动词原形。He(you,they)would+动词原形。IfIwereyou,Ishouldbuyit.如果我是你，我就买了它。IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。IfsheknewEnglish,shewouldnotaskmeforhelp.如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。B与过去事实相反的：IfI(we,you,he,they)+had+过去分词，I(we)should+have+过去分词。He(you,they)would+have+过去分词

3、。Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。C.与将来事实相反的Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Iwouldgoshopping.如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。*有关虚拟语气的几个问题*1)有时if引导的状语从句可以省略if，而把从句中的动词were,had或should移到主语前面。Weresheyounger,shewoulddoit.如果她年青点，她就会干的。Hadheknownheraddress,hewouldhadgonetovisither.如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。2)有时

4、表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。Icouldhelpyou.我本来可以帮助你。IfIhadtime.我要有时间该多好啊！Sheshouldhavecometotheparty.她应该来参加聚会。Ifhehadmuchmoremoney.如果他有更多的钱就能.。3)虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldntdoitmuchbetterl

5、ikethis.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 对过去事实相反的假设26.I didnt see your boss at the meeting. If he (come)_ _,I would have told him the news.（2000年6月试卷）29.If hadnt driven the car yesterday, I (avoid) _ _ the accident.（2001年12试卷）34.If I (not drink)_ _ so much coffee yesterday afternoon, I would have been able to

6、sleep well last night. （2003年12月试卷）If the team members hadnt helped me , I (fail)_ _ in the last experiment.(2005.5)He might not have been killed in the traffic accident yesterday if he (fasten)_ _ _ the seat belt.(2005.5)A 级Had I known the result, I (not ask)_ _you to tell me .=If I had known the r

7、esult,A: 1.had came(与过去事实相反的) 2.would have avoided 3.had not drunk 4.would have failed 5.had fastened 6.would not have asked Wish后面的宾语从句和As if（though）引导的方式状语从句中要用虚拟语气35.He talked as if he (do)_ _all the work himself,but in fact Tom and I did most of it. （2000年12月试卷）28.Xiao Lan speaks English in a wa

8、y as if she (be) _ _an American . （2001年6月试卷）21.I didnt go with them to the beach yesterday.But I do wish I _ _there. Ahave been Bhad been Cwas Dam（2003.6）虚拟语气用与表示 “要求，建议，命令，坚持”等that名词从句时，谓语动词用 + (should)+动词原形，should 常省略Ask,tell, suggest,insist,propose, advise,require,order,command,desire,request,de

9、mand,recommond +that .(should )+ 动词原形28. It is advised that we (sign)_sign_an agreement right after the discussion. （2000年6月试卷）17.He told me that I _be present at the ceremony. A)could B)would C)should D)might（2000年6月试卷）21.The committee members propose that the plan _ postponed for a few days. A)bei

10、ng B)been C)to be D)be（2002年6试卷）28.The boss insisted that Mr.Cooper (give)_ _ up his experiment at once. （2002年12试卷）The chairman required that every speaker (limit)_ _ himself to 15 minutes.(2004.6)I suggested that he (call)_ _ on the director a week later.(2005.1)Janes parents insisted that she (re

11、turn)_ _home before 9:00.It is (high/about) time (that) + 动词的过去式的主语从句的虚拟语气25.Its high time we _something to stop road accidents.A)didB)are doingC)will doD)do （2001年6试卷）（PRETCO）It is high time we (start)_started_ to pay attention to such mistakes.You look so tired tonight. It is (high/about)time you

12、(go)_went_ to bed.It is important/essential/necessary/natural/strange/a pity/ no wonder +that 结构中的主语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形22.Its necessary that the problem _ in some way or other.A)is settledB)was settledC)be settledD)has been settled（2001年12试卷）24.It is important that the committee _about the p

13、roject at once.A.be informedB.is informedC.will be informedD.being informed（2003年12月试卷）被动被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的 承受者，其构成为be 过去分词。e.g. They will widen the road.(主动)The road will be widened.（被动） The matter will be dealed with as soon as possible.1 被动语态的各种时态形式表： 一般时态进行时态完成时态现在amis askedaream is being askedareHa

14、sHave been asked过去waswere askedwas were being askedHad been asked将来shallwill be askedshall have been askedwill过去将来Should be askedWouldShould have been askedwould2.情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时，结构为： 一般式：情态动词（can, could, may, might, must, should, need等）be+过去分词 完成式：情态动词have+过去分词e.g. This can be done by h

15、and. 这可以手工做。（一般式） The project might have been completed earlier. 这项工程本可以早些完工的。（完成式）3 be going to 等不定式结构的 被动形式：be going to/ought to/ be to/ be bound to/ be sure to/ be certain to/ be due to/ be about to/ have (has) to/ had to +be+过去分词 (to不可省略)e.g. Not a could was to be seen. 看不到一丝云彩。 The enemy is bou

16、nd to be defeated. 敌人一定会被打败。When will the work (complete)_?23.This is one of the longest bridge that_on this river.A)is ever builtB)has ever been builtC)was ever builtD)has ever built（2000年6月试卷）31.If the medicine (take)_ _in time,it will be quite effective. （2001年6月试卷）23.Since the introduction of th

17、e new technique,the production cost _greatly. A)reduces B)is reduced C)is reducing D)has been reduced（2000年12月试卷）18._,he can quickly find out whats wrong with the machine.A)Having been well trainedB)Having well trainedC)To be well trainedD)To have been well trained（2000年12月试卷）27.These pills should (

18、keep) _ _out of the reach of children.(2001.6)23.The project to clear up the polluted river _ by the end of next year. A)will have been completed B)will have completed C)is being completed D)has been completed（2002年6月试卷）31.The noise was so loud that it could (hear)_ from far away. （2002年6月试卷）32.The

19、house with the furniture (buy)_ for $50,000 last year.(2002.12)Sixty people (employ)_ in this big factory last year .(2004.12)Nothing can (do)_ unless we are given more information about the situation. (2005.1)Most of the machine in the workshop _ next month.(2005.5)A.are repaired B. have been repai

20、red C. were repaired D. will be repairedThe train (delay)_was delayed_ _ by fog and arrived late.Three hundred cars (sell)_have benn sold_since the beginning of the year.倒装1.当否定意义或否定形式的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有：Never,seldom,rarely,little,scarcely(几乎不)，hardly,not,nowhere,not often,not a bit(一点也不)， not

21、until, still less(更少)， on no account(绝不)， not on any account, hardlywhen, no soonerthan, on no consideration(决不), neithernor, not onlybut also, in no way(决不)， by no means,at on time(从不),not once or twice(许多次)18.Not until I began to work_how much time I had wasted.A)have I realizedB)I have realizedC)

22、did I realizeD)I realized(2000.6)23.Little _ that the police are about to arrest him.A)he knowsB)he doesnt knowC)does he knowD)doesnt he know（2001年6月试卷）16._ the danger as he climbed up the stairs.A. Little the baby realizedB. The baby little realizedC. Little the baby did realizedD. Little did the b

23、aby realize2. only+状语位于句首表示强调时要用倒装：e.g. Only in this way can we learn English well. We can learn english well only in this way.现在分词过去分词做定语24. Ive never seen the young man _next to the director.A)sitsB)sittingC)satD)to sit（2001年6月试卷）33.There was a stranger (stand)_ at the door. （2002年6月试卷）29.I notice

24、d that there was a man (draw)_pictures on the ground. （2003年6月试卷）30.Give the application to the man (sit)_ at that desk,please. （2003年12月试卷）比较级最高级在B级考试中的应用26.The chairman emphasized his ideas by speaking more(loud)_.(2000.12)29.Living in the country is less (expense)_than living in the city.(2000.12

25、)35.Could you go to bed (early) _ than you usually do ? （2000. 12）32.Every day the director is the (late) _person to leave the office .(2001.6)16.As Edison grew _, he never lost his interest in science.A)elderB)olderC)the elderD)the oldest（2002年6试卷）22.The book is _more difficult that the one I recom

26、mended to you.A)ratherB)muchC)veryD)so（2002年6试卷）22.The_ the proposal is considered,the worse it appears.A.carefullyB.much carefullyC.more carefullyD.most carefully（2003年12试卷）27.I want to rent a new apartment that is (comfortable)_than his one. （2003年12试卷）John is the (clever)_ student I have ever tau

27、ght.(2004.6)33.The photos of Mars taken by satellites are (clear)_than those taken from Earth.(02.12)Of all the hotels in the city, this one is the (good)_ _.(06.5)Yaoming is one of (famous)_ basketball players in the world .The louder he shouted , the (little)_he convinced anyone.The sun is the (bi

28、g)_thing we can wee when we look up at the sky .The problem (discuss)_ at the meeting yesterday has not been solved yet.(过去分词作定语)动名词在B级考试中的应用Enjoy/avoid/admit/finish/practice +doing Stop doing sth 停止做某事Go on doing sth继续做某事Be worth doing sth值得做某事Give up doing 放弃做某事Look forward to sth/doing 期望,盼望某事Spe

29、nd (time, money) (in) doing sth 花费时间,金钱做某事Spend (time, money) on sthHave a problem/ difficulty/ trouble (in ) doing sth 做某事有麻烦/困难Be/ get used to doing sth习惯与做某事Prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事Keep sb doing sth让某人一直做某事（2000年12月试卷）33.They stopped (search)_ for the missing plane as the weather was very rough.30.The children from the US got used to (eat)_Chinese food quite soon.（2001年12试卷）30.Hearing the bell ring ,the students stopped (joke)_ with each other.34.