九年级英语上册 专项十一 陈述句祈使句疑问句和感叹句练习 牛津版doc.docx

1、九年级英语上册 专项十一 陈述句祈使句疑问句和感叹句练习 牛津版doc2019年九年级英语上册 专项十一 陈述句、祈使句、疑问句和感叹句练习 牛津版英语句子按照它们的用途可分为陈述句、祈使句、疑问句和感叹句四大类。各种句型之间的互相转换是中考的语法考点。特别是感叹句和反意疑问句更是考查的热点。感叹句侧重考查感叹词what和how的选择，感叹词后不定冠词的有无；反意疑问句前后两部分的结构及其回答也是考查的重点。 考点一 陈述句变为否定句陈述句是陈述一个事实或者表明说话人的看法、态度的句子。陈述句句末一般用句号，朗读时一般用降调。陈述的内容有肯定和否定两种情况。肯定句变为否定句的方法如下：1. 若

2、句中有be动词、情态动词或助动词，则分别在它们的后面加上not。如：His mother has already called the police for help. 他妈妈已经报警求助了。His mother hasnt called the police for help yet.他妈妈还没有报警求助。2. 句中谓语动词是行为动词时，要在行为动词前加dont, doesnt, didnt，行为动词要用原形。另外，还需要将原句子中的some改为any；too改为either；already改为yet。如：His parents bought him a new bike yesterday

3、.他父母昨天给他买一辆新自行车。His parents didnt buy him a new bike yesterday.他父母昨天没给他买新自行车。3. 英语中有些词与not连用只表示部分否定，所以在变为否定句时，要将这些词变为相应的否定词。常见的有：allnone; bothneither; everythingnothing; everybodynobody; bothandneithernor; a fewfew; a littlelittle。如：Both of the twins study in our school. 两个孪生都在我们学校学习。Neither of the

4、twins studies in our school. 两个孪生都不在我们学校学习。Both Jim and Kate have visited the factory. 吉姆和凯特都参观过那座工厂。Neither Jim nor Kate has visited the factory. 吉姆和凯特都没参观过那座工厂。【链接中考】（2015重庆A）Mark is watching TV now. (改为否定句) Mark _ _ TV now. 【答案】isnt watching 考点二 祈使句祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语，谓语动词用原形。肯定结构都以动词原形

5、开头。否定结构主要有“Dont+动词原形+其他”和“No+名词或动名词”两种形式。如：Be quiet, please. 请安静!（以be动词开头）Come here, please! 请到这儿来。（以实义动词开头）Dont play football here. 不要在这儿踢足球。（以Dont开头）No smoking. 禁止吸烟。（以No开头）【链接中考】（2015河南）_ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nice place to live in.A. Be B. Being C

6、. To be D. Been【答案】A（广西省定西）_ worried about me, Mom. Ive grown up.A. Dont B. Dont be C. Not D. Not be【答案】B中考对祈使句的考查主要有：1. 祈使句与筒单句、复合句之间的转换 以lets开头的祈使句表示建议或劝告时通常可以转换成 why not十动词原形？或Shall we? What(How) about十动名词？如：Lets go fishing this afternoon. 今天下午我们去钓鱼吧。Why not go fishing this afternoon?Shall we go

7、fishing this afternoon?What about going fishing this afternoon? “祈使句+andthenor+筒单句”可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句。如:Lets move the bag, or it may cause an accident.我们把袋子搬走，否则会引起事故的。If we dont move the bag, it may cause an accident.Use your head, then youll find a way.动动辟筋，你会找到办法的。If you use your head, youll find a

8、 way.2. 祈使句的应答语 Lets开头的祈使句，其答语常用Good idea. OK.Yes, Id love to.等。如：- Lets go swimming.让我们去游泳吧。- Good idea. 好主意。 其他肯定祈使句的应答语为“Yes, I will.”，否定祈使句的应答语为“Sorry/ No, I wont(do it again).”。如：- Dont be late again. 别再迟到了。- Sorry, I wont do it again. 对不起，我不会再那样做了。考点三 一般疑问句英语疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种。所谓一般

9、疑问句，就是可以用yes或no来回答的疑问句。1. 肯定式的一般疑问句一般疑问句的结构问：“be动词助动词情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?”。如：- Is Mary your sister? - Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.- Does Millie smoke?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.【链接中考】(上海）Peter often helps in the house at the weekend.（改为一般疑问句）_ Peter often _ in the house at the weekend?【答案】Does he

10、lp（广西省桂林）- Do you like watching TV? - Yes, I _. But only after I finish my homework.A. am B. do C. does D. did 【答案】B2. 否定式的一般疑问句 此类一般疑问句主要表示反问或惊讶，通常在be动词、情态动词或助动词后加not的筒略式nt，并放在句首。如：- Dont you understand me? 难道你不明白我的意思吗?- No, I dont. / Yes, I do.是的，我不明白。/不，我明白。【注意】在否定式的一般疑问句的答语中，yes应该译成“不”，No应该译成“是的

11、”。考点四 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词或短语引导的疑问句，叫特殊疑问句。常见的特殊疑问词或短语有what, who, where, how, what time, how much, how many, how long等。 1. 特殊疑问句的语序 特殊疑问词作主语时，句子的语序与陈述句的语序相同；当特殊疑问词作句子的宾语、状语等时，应用“疑问词+一般疑问句”语序。如：Who will give us a talk? 谁将给我们作报告?（作主语）When do you get up every day? 你每天什么时候起床?（作时间状语）2. 否定式的特殊疑问句否定式的特殊疑问句由“特殊疑问词+否

12、定疑问句”构成，主要表示劝告、建议或责备等。如：Why dont you take a train? 为什么不乘火车呢？3. 对划线部分提问这类题目实际上就是将所给的陈述句变为特殊疑问句。解答这类题通常分三步完成：首先选准疑问词；然后改为疑问句语序；然后抄写剩余部分。 疑问代词的用法 what引导的疑问句此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。a. 对主语提问Whats in the room? 屋子里有什么？There are a lot of chairs in it.(A lot of chairs are in it.)有许多椅子。答句中的单复数根据实际情况而定。b. 对宾语提问What

13、 did you buy? 你买了什么？I bought a dictionary. 我买了本词典。c. 对表语提问Whats your father? 你父亲是干什么的？He is a doctor. 他是个医生。 who, whom, whose引导的疑问句此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。Who broke the window? 谁打破了窗户？Andy did. 安迪打破的。who可以对主语和表语提问。whom是who的宾语，对宾语提问，但在口语中who可以代替whom。Who is the girl? 那个女孩是谁？She is my sister. 她是我妹妹。Whose is

14、 this umbrella? 这伞是谁的？This umbrella is my mothers. 这伞是我妈妈的。【链接中考】（北京）_ schoolbag is this? I guess its Lilys.A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Which【答案】C which引导的疑问句此类疑问句可以对主语和宾语提问。Which is yours? 哪个是你的？This is mine. 这个是我的。Which does she want? 她想要哪一个？She wants the red one. 她要那个红色的。【链接中考】（浙江省杭州）_ is her daug

15、hter?The girl on the right wearing blue jeans.A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where【答案】C疑问词what, who, which在句中作主语时，语序是陈述句语序。 疑问形容词的用法what, which, whose后面跟上名词时，三个疑问词起形容词作用。What sports do you like? 你喜欢什么运动？（对宾语提问）I like football. 我喜欢足球。Whose bike is this? 这是谁的自行车？（对表语提问）Its Li Mings. 是李明的。Whose father is a

16、 driver? 谁的父亲是司机？（对主语提问）Li Meis father is a driver.Which picture did you take? 哪一张照片是你照的？（对宾语提问）I took the one on the left. 左边那一张是我照的。 疑问副词的用法 when引导的疑问句用来询问时间。When were you born? 你何时出生？( I was born ) on October 6, 1992.我是1992年8月6日出生的。when引导的疑问句都可以用简略回答，只回答出时间就可以了。 where引导的疑问句用来询问地点、场所。Where does yo

17、ur uncle live? 你叔叔住在哪里？( He lives in) Shanghai.他住在上海。可以简略回答出地点Where are you going? 你打算去哪里？Im going to Japan. 我打算去日本。 why引导的疑问句用来询问原因。对它的回答只能用because引导的原因状语从句。Why didnt you see the movie? 你为什么不去看电影？Because I hade seen it before. 因为我已经看过了。 how引导的疑问句可分为两类：a. “How?” how可以单独地置于疑问句的句首。询问如何地做某事，即做某事的方法、手段及

18、健康、天气等。How do you go to school? (问方式)I go to school by bike. 我骑自行车去上学。How are you? (问健康)Im fine. Thank you. 我很好。谢谢你。How is the weather today? (问天气)今天天气如何？Its sunny. 今天晴天。【链接中考】（2015四川成都） _ can we become good learners? By working hard and asking the teachers for help. A. How B. where C. when【答案】Ab. H

19、ow形容词（副词）？询问年龄、身高、数量、次数、距离等。词组词义用 法例 句How many多少提问可数名词How many girls are there in your class?你班有多少女孩？How much多少提问不可数名词How much is the sweater? 这件毛衣多少钱？How old多大提问年龄How old are you? 你多大年纪了？How tall多高提问高度How tall is that boy? 那个男孩多高？How long多久提问时间How long will you stay there?你将在那里停留多久？多长提问长度How long i

20、s the river?那条河有多长？How often多久提问频率How often do you visit your uncle?你多久去拜访你叔叔？How soon多快提问时间How soon will he be back?你多久会回来？How far多远提问距离How far is the school from here?学校离这里多远？How high多高提问（空间）高度How high is the mountain? 那座山有多高？ 对划线部分提问中特殊疑问词的选择方法：(1)问“谁”用who或whom（对主语提问用who，对宾语提问用who，whom均可）。(2)问“谁的

21、”用whose。(3)问“地点”用where。(4)问“原因”用why。(5)问“身体状况”用how。(6)问“方式”用 how。(7)问“程度”用“how十被修饰语”。(8)问“多少”用 how much或how many。(9)问“多久”用how long或how soon（how long指动作或状态发生了多久；how soon指动作或状态还有多久将会发生。）(10)问“动作的发生频率”用how often。(11)问“哪个”用 which或what。(12)问“什么”用what。(13)问“职业”用what。(14)问“颜色”用 what color。(15)问“星期几”用what d

22、ay。(16)问“几月几日”用whatdate。(17)问“时间”用when或what time（when既可对点时间提问，也可对年、月、日等时间提问；what time通常只对点时间提问。）【链接中考】（2015四川南充）_ is the restaurant from the post office? Its about 5 minutes ride.A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How many【答案】C（广西南宁）- _the population of Hong Kong?- Seven million people.A. How is

23、 B. How much is C. What are D. What is【答案】D考点五 选择疑问句要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况进行选择的问句，叫做选择疑问句。选择疑问句的两个供选择的部分之间用or连接。选择疑问句有两种：一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。如：- Do you like Tom or Jerry? 你喜欢汤姆还是杰瑞?- I like Jerry. 我喜欢杰璃。- Which do you like best, apples, oranges or bananas? 你最喜欢哪一样，苹果、橘子还是香蕉?- I like apples best. 我最喜欢苹果。【注意】选择疑

24、问句不能用yes或no来回答。【链接中考】（2010广西省定西市）4.My pen pal is from America.(用Japan改为选择疑问句)Is your pen pal is from America _ _?【答案】4.or Japan考点六 反意疑问句1. 反意疑问句的特点反意疑问句是由两部分构成的：前一部分是对事物的陈述，后一部分是简短的提问。即“陈述句+附加疑问句”。反意疑问句前后两部分必须遵循“三同一反”的原则，即：人称相同，动词相同，时态相同，前肯后否，前否后肯。如：Its very cold today, isnt it? 今天很冷，是吗？You could no

25、t hear me, could you? 你没有听见我的话，对吗？【链接中考】（2015湖南益阳） Its Fathers Day today, _?Yes, lets buy a gift for Dad.A. isnt he B. doesnt it C. isnt it【答案】A（浙江省杭州）Alice had a wonderful time yesterday, _?A. hadnt she B. wasnt she C. didnt she D. wouldnt she【答案】C2. 反意疑问句的答语反意疑问句在表示怀疑或没有把握时，要求对方用Yes或No来回答并要严格根据事实来

26、回答，若事实是肯定的，答语就用 yes；若事实是否定的，答语就用no。特别值得注意的是，对“前否后肯”的反意疑问句的答语中，yes意为“不”，no意为“是的”。如：-It wasnt cold yesterday, was it? -No, it wasnt.(是的，不冷)-You dont teach them English, do you? -Yes, I do.（不，我教他们的英语。）【链接中考】（2010湖北省荆州市）- Meat isnt really dangerous, is it? - Oh! _! Its not at all good for our health. A.

27、 Yes, it isnt B. No, it is C. Yes, it is D. No; it isnt【答案】C（2010湖北省咸宁市）- You didnt go to school yesterday, did you? - , though there was a heavy rain.A. Yes, I did B. No, I didnt C. Yes, I didnt D. No, I did【答案】A 3. 常考的反意疑问句构成形式 反意疑问句的陈述部分是there be 时，其附加疑问部分要用there。如：There is some water in the cup,

28、 isnt there? 反意疑问句的陈述部分若有hardly, never，few，little，nothing，no等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问部分要用肯定形式。如：She never goes to the cinema, does she?Few people can live to 150, can they?但如果陈述部分里的词伴随有否定前辍，如：unhappy, impossible, unfair, dislike等，该陈述部分作肯定处理，因此，反意部分一般仍然使用否定形式。如：He was unhappy, wasnt he? He dislike football, do

29、esnt he? 在以lets开头的祈使句中，其附加疑问部分要用shall we；若以let us开头，附加疑问部分要用will you? 如：Lets have a break, shall we?Let us stop here, will you?在上述两个例句中，Lets的含义是包括听话的人在内，Let us的含义是“请求允许”，不包括听话的人在内。 当陈述部分的主语是：everybody, everyone，someone, anyone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时，附加疑问部分可用he，也可用they。如：Everyone knows his o

30、wn language, doesnt he?Everybody enjoyed the film, didnt they? 当陈述部分是一个含有从句的主从复合句时，附加疑问部分要看主句，其主语及动词都要与主句保持一致。如：He says she is a good teacher, doesnt he?They said he had left, didnt they?但当主句是I suppose, I think, I believe等结构时，附加疑问部分要看从句，如：I think she is all right now, isnt she?I dont believe he is here, is he?【链接中考】