英语语言学各章节题目.docx

1、英语语言学各章节题目1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human _ A. contact B. communication C. relation D. community2. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? A. tree B. typewriter C. crash D. bang3. Which of the following property of language enables language users to over

2、come the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability B. Duality C. Displacement D. Arbitrariness4. _ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language users knowledge of the rules

3、 of his language in utterances. A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue D. Parole5. _ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education. A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguistics C. Comparative linguistics D. Applied linguistics II. Decide whether the following statements ar

4、e true or false. 6. Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all languages.7. We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted.8. Only human beings are able to communicate.9. F. de Saussure, who

5、made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist.10. The conventional nature of language is illustrated by a famous quotation from Shakespears play Romeo and Juliet: “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”.11. Speech and writing came into being

6、at much the same time in human history.III. Fill in the blanks.12. Linguistics is the _ study of language.13. Modern linguistics is _ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.14. One general principle of linguistic analys

7、is is the primacy of _ over writing.15. The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ study.16. Saussure put forward two important concepts. _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussures langu

8、e and Chomskys _.Explain the following terms:syntaxanthropological linguisticsExplain Hallidays theory of metafunctions of language. Sounds1. APitch variation is known as _ when its patterns are imposed on sentences. A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice2. BWhich branch of phonetics concer

9、ns the production of speech sounds? A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articulatory phonetics C. Auditory phonetics D. None of the above3. AWhich one is different from the others according to places of articulation? A. n B. m C. b D. p4. BWhich vowel is different from the others according to the characteristi

10、cs of vowels? A. i: B. u C. e D. i 5. BWhat kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating? A. Voiceless B. Voiced C. Glottal stop D. ConsonantII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. 6. TSuprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of

11、units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.7. F p is a voiced bilabial stop.8. F Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.9. T According to the length or tenseness of the pronunciation, vowels can be divided into long vs. short or tense vs.

12、 lax.10. FIn English, all the back vowels are rounded.11. TIn English, all the front vowels and the central vowels are unrounded.III. Fill in the blanks. 12. voiced, voiceless, voicedAccording to the feature of voicing, consonant sounds can be either _ or _, while all vowel sounds are _.13. obstruct

13、ionConsonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without _.14. minimal pairs In phonological analysis the words fail / veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is an example for illustrating _.15. In English there are a number of _, which are produc

14、ed by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions. takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the _ coming from the lungs.17. Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions;

15、then give an English word that contains this sound. Example: voiced alveolar stop d dog. (1) voiceless bilabial unaspirated stop (2) low front vowel (3) lateral liquid (4) velar nasal (5) voiced interdental fricative1. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as _. A. content words B. grammatic

16、al words C. function words D. form words2. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called _ morpheme. A. inflectional B. free C. bound D. derivational3. There are _ morphemes in the word denationalization. A. three B. four C. five D. six4. In English ise and tion are called _. A.

17、 prefixes B. suffixes C. infixes D. stems5. The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and _. A. derivational affix B. inflectional affix C. infix D. back-formation6. _ is a way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of

18、 the old word. A. affixation B. back-formation C. insertion D. addition7. The word DINK is formed in the way of _. A. acronymy B. clipping C. compounding D. blending8. The words like smog and motel are formed by _. A. blending B. clipping C. back-formation D. acronymyII. Fill in the blanks.9. A smal

19、l set of conjunctions, prepositions and pronouns belong to _ class, while the largest part of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs belongs to _ class.10. _ is a reverse process of derivation, and therefore is a process of shortening.11. _ is extremely productive, because English had lost most of its

20、 inflectional endings by the end of Middle English period, which facilitated the use of words interchangeably as verbs or nouns, verbs or adjectives, and vice versa.12. A word formed by derivation is called a _ , and a word formed by compounding is called a _ .13. Bound morphemes are classified into

21、 two types: _ and _ .Explain the following term, using examples. AllomorphInflectionBound root1. The sentence structure is _. A. only linear B. only hierarchical C. complex D. both linear and hierarchical2. The syntactic rules of any language are _ in number. A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite3

22、. A sentence is considered _ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers. A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical4. A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A. coordinator B. particle C. preposi

23、tion D. subordinator5. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _. A. how words and phrases form sentences. B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences D. all of the above.6. The phrase “on the shelf” belongs to _ cons

24、truction. A. endocentric B. exocentric C. subordinate D. coordinateII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)12. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce a

25、nd comprehend.13. In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.14. Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.16. In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commo

26、nly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase.17. In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the direct object usually follows the verb.III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)21. A _ sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subj

27、ect and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence.23. A _ may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usually precedes the predicate.24. The part of a sentence which comprises a finite verb or a verb phrase and which says something about the subject is grammatically called _.25. A _ sen

28、tence contains two, or more, clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.Explain the term IC analysis.Explain the three types of syntactic relationsDistinguish the two possible meanings of “more beautiful flowers”37. Draw a tree diagram of the sentence: The student wrote a letter yesterday.

29、1. According to the “semantic triangle” presented by Ogden and Richards, the symbol or _ refers to the linguistic elements(words, sentences, etc.), the _ refers to the object in the world of experience and the thought or reference refers to concept. 2. _ analysis is based upon the belief that the me

30、aning of a word can be divided into meaning components.3. The semantic component of the word _ are +Human, +Adult, +male, -Married. 4. _ opposites may be seen in terms of degrees of the quality involved. 5. We call the relation between “animal” and “cow” as_. A. polysemy B. antonymy C. homophony D. hyponymy 6. The pair of words “wide/narrow” are called_. A. gradable opposites B. complementary antonyms C. co-hyponyms D. relational opposites 7. What is the meaning relationship between the two words “rose/tulip”? A. polysemy B