最新英国文学简史期末考试复习要点刘炳善版英语专业大三必备.docx

1、最新英国文学简史期末考试复习要点刘炳善版英语专业大三必备英国文学史资料British Writers and Works一、中世纪文学（约5世纪1485） 贝奥武甫（Beowulf）高文爵士和绿衣骑士（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer) “英国诗歌之父”。（Father of English Poetry） 坎特伯雷故事（The Canterbury Tales ）二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期17世纪初） 托马斯莫尔 （Thomas More ） 乌托邦（Utopia）埃德蒙斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser

2、） 仙后（The Faerie Queene)弗兰西斯培根（Francis Bacon） 论说文集（Essays) 克里斯托弗马洛 Christopher Marlowe 帖木儿大帝（Tamburlaine）浮士德博士的悲剧（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus）马耳他岛的犹太人（The Jew of Malta ） 威廉莎士比亚William Shakespeare 喜剧仲夏夜之梦（A Midsummer Nights Dream）、威尼斯商人（The Merchant of Venice）悲剧罗密欧与朱丽叶（Ro

3、meo and Juliet）、哈姆莱特（Hamlet）、奥赛罗（Othello）、李尔王（King Lear）、麦克白（Macbeth）历史剧亨利四世（Henry IV）传奇剧暴风雨（The Tempest） 本琼生 Ben Johnson人人高兴（Every Man in His Humor） 狐狸（Volpone）练金术士（The Alchemist ） 三、17世纪文学约翰弥尔顿 John Milton 失乐园（Paradise Lost） 复乐园（Paradise Regained）诗剧力士参孙（Samson Agonistes） 约翰班扬（John Bunyan） 天路历程（The

4、 Pilgrims Progress） 威廉康格里夫（William Congreve） 以爱还爱（Love for Love） 如此世道（The Way of the World ） 四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期18世纪中期）18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。亚历山大蒲柏（Alexander Pope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。 亨利菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 汤姆琼斯（Tom Jones） 乔纳森斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 格列佛游记 Gullivers Travels 丹尼尔笛福 Daniel

5、Defoe 英国小说之父 鲁滨孙漂流记（Robinson Crusoe）亨利菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 汤姆琼斯（Tom Jones） 奥利弗哥尔德斯密斯 Oliver Goldsmith 荒村（The Deserted Village） 詹姆斯汤姆逊James Thomson 四季歌（The Seasons）威廉柯林斯 William Collins 黄昏颂（Ode to Evening）托马斯格雷 Thomas Gray 墓园哀歌（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard ） 五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832）罗伯特彭斯 Robert B

6、urns 威廉布莱克 William Blake 威廉华兹华斯 William Wordsworth 塞缪尔泰勒柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 抒情歌谣集（Lyrical Ballads ） Byron,Shelley,Keats 六、现实主义时期文学（19世纪30年代-1918）（维多利亚时代1832-1901）罗伯特布朗宁 Robert Browning戏剧独白 皮帕走过了（Pippa Passes） 指环与书（The Ring and the Book）阿尔弗雷德丁尼生 Alfred Tennyson 悼念（In Memoriam A. H. H） 勃朗特三姐妹

7、 夏洛蒂勃朗特 Charlotte Bronte 简爱（Jane Eyre） 艾米丽勃朗特Emily Bronte 呼啸山庄（Wuthering Heights)安妮勃朗特 Anne Bronte 阿格尼斯格雷（Agnes Grey）。 托马斯哈代 Thomas Hardy德伯家的苔丝（Tess of the DUrbervilles）无名的裘德 （Jude the Obscure） 查尔斯狄更斯Charles Dickens 雾都孤儿（Oliver Twist）大卫科波菲尔（David Copperfield）远大前程（Great Expectations）荒凉山庄（Bleak House）

8、 双城记（A Tale of Two Cities） 一. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages中世纪文学（约5世纪1485贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homers Iliad

9、and OdysseyArtistic features: 1.Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵） Some examples on P5 2.Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way

10、Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟1340(?)1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)The father of English poetry.It is _alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的)r

11、ealistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gowerwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet(双韵体) by middle Englis

12、h特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 声誉之宫Medieval Ages popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期17世纪初） A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activi

13、ty, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Two features1.a thirsting curiosity for the clasical literature 2.the keen interst in the

14、activities of humanity.The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts:(1)to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, (2)to introduce new ideas that exp

15、ressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, (3)to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival:1.new discoveries in geography and astrology2.the religious reformation and economic expansion3.

16、rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists: Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.English Renaissance:the early 16th century to the early 17th century. 1.Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾塞15521599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poets corner o

17、f Westerminster Abbey12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poets poet”? ( B ) A. Spensers idealism B. his struggle for criteria C. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody 仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but s

18、omething more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1.Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. 牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind. 爱情小唱 2. Tho

19、mas More托马斯莫尔14781535One of the greatest English humanists乌托邦 3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯培根15611626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist. Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arr

20、anging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason.学术的推进随笔(famous quotas: ) The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4.Ben Jonson狐狸5. Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗马洛15641595“University Wits”, the

21、pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.14. Marlowe gave new vigor to _ with his “mighty lines” ( D ) A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestina C. terza rima D. blank verse 浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成） 帖木耳大帝 马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚15641616 Historical plays

22、: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIIIFour Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a

23、 definition rhyme scheme.III The 17th Century17世纪文学 1. John Milton约翰弥尔顿16081674（诗人、政论家;失明后写 失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。）Epics:失乐园 复乐园Dramatic poem:力士参孙 论出版自由 为英国人民声辩 我的失明 This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent fo

24、r God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan约翰班扬16281688（代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)Religionary Allegory:天路历程 3. John Donne the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is

25、 simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features:1.conceits or imagery奇思妙喻2.syllogism三段论 Meditations 沉思录The Flea 虱子 Songs And SonnetsHoly SonnetsValediction:IV The 18th Cen

26、tury启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期18世纪中期）：Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 1

27、5th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)1.

28、 Alexander Pope亚历山大蒲柏16881744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）As a representative of the Enlightenment， Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England.Eg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? ( C ) A. John Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift 批评论 Artistic features:1.Using “heroic couplets” 卷发遇劫记 道德论人论 愚人记2. Samuel Johnson塞缪尔约翰逊1