人教版英语选修6课文原文及课文译文.docx

1、人教版英语选修6课文原文及课文译文人教版英语选修6课文原文及课文译文Unit1 Art 第一单元 艺术ReadingA SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in

2、 such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD.The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD)During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artistof this period was not intere

3、sted in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scen

4、es in a more realistic way.The Renaissance(15th to 16th century)During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to class

5、ical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they coule decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as

6、well as their activities and achievements.One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a r

7、eal scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence,oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we

8、would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century)In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal,from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cit

9、ies. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worke in Paris.The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show

10、how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry a

11、bout it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.Modern Art(29th century to today)At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepeted as the beginning of what we call modern art. This is because the Impress

12、ionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles,but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exsist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see th

13、em with our eyes, but instead concentrates n certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there wi

14、ll be in the future?西方绘画艺术简史西方艺术风格变化较大，而中国艺术风格变化较小。人们的生活方式和信仰影响了艺术。中国和欧洲不同，生活方式在长时间里相似。西方艺术丰富多彩，仅凭一篇短短的课文难以描述全面。所以，本篇课文仅描述了从公元5世纪开始的几种主要风格。 中世纪（公元5世纪到15世纪） 在中世纪，画家的主要任务是表现宗教主题。艺术家们并没有把兴趣放在呈现人和自然的真实面貌上，而是着力于体现对上帝的爱戴和敬重。因此，这段时期的绘画充满着宗教的信条。到13世纪时，情况已经开始发生变化，像乔托这样的画家以比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。 文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪） 在文艺

15、复兴时期，新的思想和价值观取代了中世纪的那一套，人们开始更关心人而不是宗教。画家们回到了罗马、希腊的艺术理论上。他们尽力地画出人和自然的真实面貌。富人们想为自己的宫殿和豪宅收藏艺术品，他们高价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画画，画自己的房屋和其他财物，画他们的活动，画他们的成就。 在这个阶段，最重要的发现之一是如何用透视法来画出事物的形象。在1428年，马萨乔成为第一个在绘画中使用透视方法的人，当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小孔，来观看真实的情景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画，在文艺复兴时期，油画也得到了发展，它使得色彩看上去更丰富，更深沉。 印象派时期（

16、19世纪后期到20世纪初期） 19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入城市。有着大量的新发明，还有许多社会变革。这些变革也自然而然地导致了绘画风格上的变化。那些打破传统画法的人有在巴黎生活和工作的印象派画家。 印象派画家是第一批室外写生的艺术家。他们想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影画出来。由于自然光的变化很快，所以，印象派画家必须很快地作画。因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家的画那样细致了，起初，多数人都看不惯这种新式画法，甚至还非常生气。他们说这些画家作画时心不在焉，粗枝大叶，他们的作品更是荒唐。 现代艺术（20世纪至今）在印象派

17、作品的创建初期，他们存在争议。但是，现在已经被人们接受，并且成为现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖。如今，现代艺术已有几十多种，如果没有印象派艺术，也就没有那么多不同的风格，印象派画家帮助艺术家们用新的方法来观察环境和艺术。有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们的眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中体现某些物体的某些品质和特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品太逼真了，看上去就像一张照片。预言将来艺术的风格倒是很有意思的。 Using LanguageReading The Best of Manhattans GalleriesThe Frick Col

18、lection(5th Avenue and E.70th Street)Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people. Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Weste

19、rn paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collection. You can also explore Fricks beautiful home and garden which are well worth a visit.Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)This museum owns 5,000 modern paintings, sculptures and drawings. These art works are not all dis

20、played at the same time.The exhibition is always changing. It will apeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings.The Guggenheim Museum building is also world-famous. When you walk into the gallery, you fell as if you were inside a fragile ,white seashell. The best way to see

21、 the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom. There are no stairs, just a circular path. The museum also has an excellent reaturant.Metropolitan Museum of Art(5th Avenue and 82nd Street) The reputation of this museum lies in the variety if its art collection. This covers

22、 more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts if the world, including America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America.The museun diaplays more than just the visual delights of art.It introduces you to ancient ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragr

23、ant Ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century French house and other special exhibitions.Museum of Modern Art(53rd Street, btween 5th and 6th Avenues)It is amazing that so many great works of from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. The collection of Western

24、 art includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse. Afew words of warning:the admission price is not cheap an the meseum is often very crowded.Whitney Museum of American Art(945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)The Whitney holds an excellent colection of comtempor

25、ary painting and sclpture. There are no permanent displays in this museum and exhibitions change all the time. Every two years, the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists. The museum also shows videos and films by comtemporary video artists.曼哈顿艺术画廊荟萃 弗里克收藏馆位于第五大道和麦迪逊大道之间 许多艺

26、术爱好者都认为这个收藏馆是纽约最好的一家小型艺术陈列馆。亨利克莱弗里克是纽约的一位富豪。他去世于1919年，他把他的家具、房子和艺术收藏品都捐献给了美国人民。在这个陈列馆里，你不仅看到20世纪以前的西方绘画的珍藏品，而且，你还能浏览弗里克的美丽的故居。在这个漂亮的公寓里，花园也是很值得一看的。古根海姆博物馆 第5大道和第88街交汇处 这家博物馆拥有5，000幅现代油画、雕塑和素描。这些艺术品并不是同时展出的，展品总是在不断地更换。所收藏的艺术品中大部分是印象派和后印象派的作品。古根海姆博物馆的大楼是世界闻名的。当你走进画廊的时候，你会觉得你进入了一个巨大的白色贝壳之中。看画展最好是从顶层看起，

27、一直往下看到底层。展厅里没有楼梯，只有一条环行的小道。博物馆里还有一家极好的餐馆。 （纽约）大都会艺术博物馆 第5大道与第82街交汇处 这家博物馆是美国收藏艺术品最多的一家，它的艺术品收藏涵盖了5，000多年来世界上众多国家的文明史，其中包括美洲、欧洲、中国、埃及、非洲和南美洲。这家博物馆展出的不仅仅只是艺术，它还给你介绍了古代的生活方式。你可以看到埃及的寺庙，明朝的御花园，18世纪法国豪宅中的住房，以及许多其他特殊展品。 现代艺术博物馆 第53街（位于第5和第6大道之间） 令人惊奇的是，在同一博物馆里竟能容纳下19世纪后期到21世纪的如此众多的名家巨作。西方艺术的收藏包括有莫奈、凡高、毕加索

28、和马蒂斯等著名艺术家的作品。有几句话需要提醒你注意：博物馆票价不菲，常常拥挤。惠特尼美国艺术博物馆 麦迪逊大道945号（靠近第75街） 惠特尼博物馆藏有极好的当代美国画和雕塑品。馆内没有永久性的展出，展品都是随时更换的。惠特尼博物馆每两年有一次特殊的展览，展品是仍然在世的画家们的新作。这家博物馆还展出当代影视艺术家的录像和电影作品。Unit2 Poems 第二单元 诗歌ReadingA few simple forms of English poemsThere are various reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a sto

29、ry or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. Others try to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms. Some of the first poetry a young child learns in

30、English is nursery rhymes. These rhymes like the one on the right (A) are still a common type of childrens poetry. The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. The poems may not make sense and even seem cont

31、radictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language. （A）Hush, little baby, dont say a word,Papas going to buy you a mockingbird.If that mockingbird wont sing,Papas going to buy you a diamond ring.If that diamond ring turns to b

32、rass,Papas going to buy you a looking-glass.If that looking-glass gets broke,Papas going to buy you a billy-goat.If that billy-goat runs away,Papas going to buy you another today.One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things.List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C).（B）I saw a fish- pond all on fireI saw a fish-pond all on fire,I saw a h