动词的时态与语态.docx

1、动词的时态与语态第四讲 动词的时态与语态一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时现在Do/doesIs/am/are doingHas/have doneHas/have been doing过去DidWas/were doingHad doneHad been doing将来Shall/will do Shall/will be doing Shall/will have doneShall/will have been doing过去将来Should/would doShould/would be doingShould/ would have doneShould/would have bee

2、n doing一般现在时1. 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, every week等时间状语He always gets up late on Sundays.2. 表示普遍的真理。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.3. As soon as, when, after 等引导的时间状语从句中，或以if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中，通常使用一般现在时。Ill ring you as soon as he comes back.Youll

3、 succeed if you try your best.现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作，也表示目前一段时间内正在进行的活动。1）并非所有动词都有进行时，表示状态和感觉的词通常没有进行态，除非词义发生变化。Do you see anyone over there?Are you seeing someone off?2） 现在进行时也可表示将来，指按计划要发生的动作或即将开始的动作。Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow.3） 现在进行时也可用来给习惯动作加上赞赏或讨厌的感情色彩。He is always finding fault with his employ

4、ees.现在完成时表示目前已完成或刚刚完成的动作，也可表示从过去某一刻发生，现在仍延续的动作或情况。此时态强调动作对现在的影响。1）时间状语Up to /till now, so far, these days, this summer, for.(一段时间), since（时间点）2）动作对现在是否有影响I lived in Beijing last year.I have lived in Beijing for 15 years.过去进行时过去某个时刻正在发生的动作， 也可表示过去某段时间内正在发生或反复发生的动作Yesterday afternoon I was watching TV

5、 when Frank called.Bill was coughing all night long.过去完成时表示过去某时之前已完成的动作或状况。时间上为过去的过去。句中常有明显的参照动作或表示“到过去某时为止”的时间状语。By the end of the war, the small workshop had become a large factory.They found that a stream had formed in the field.一般将来时表示某个将来时间会发生的动作或情况，也可表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性动作。He will take part in an i

6、mportant meeting.The students will have five English classes per week this term.Be going to, be to, be about to等也可表示将来的动作，用于表示打算、计划、安排和即将发生的动作。We are to finish it within an hour.He is about to leave.Will 表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的动作情况。将来进行时将来进行时表示将来某时正在发生的持续的动作。Ill be having a meeting this time tomorrow.M

7、ost of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station.将来完成时表示将来某时前已完成的动作，也可用来表推测。They will have stayed here for five months next week.By the end of next month, they will have studied twenty passages.现在完成进行时现在完成时表示已结束的动作或情况，强调对现在的影响。现在完成进行时表示仍在进行或刚刚还在进行的动作或情况，强调动作的延续性。I have thought

8、 it over.I have been thinking it over.Be careful! Peter has been painting the bench.Exercise 1. Even if it _ this afternoon, I will go there.A. has rained B. will rain C. rains D. will have rained2. _ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent.A. He would leave school B. He left

9、 schoolC. He had left school D. He has left school3. We _ each other for ten years.A. had known B. have known C. have been knowing D. know4. They fulfilled the plan earlier than they_.A. have expected B. expectedC. were expecting D. had expectedKey: CBBD5. “Will she finish the work soon?”“Yes, she _

10、 it by next Friday.”A. shall finish B. finish C. have finished D. will have finished6. It _ almost every day so far this month.A. is raining B. rained C. rains D. has been raining7. My wife _.A. has forever criticized me B. forever criticizing meC. was forever criticizing me D. is forever criticizin

11、g me Key DDD被动语态构成： be+及物动词的过去分词1）无须指出动作执行者或动作执行者不明确Printing was introduced into Europe from China.Rome was not built in a day.2） 强调动作承受者Four people were killed and thirty-one were injured in the bomb attack.3） 修辞需要He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the

12、door.常见考点1） 相当于及物动词的短语动词也有被动语态，一般不拆开。This matter was dealt with as soon as possible.2）不及物动词和表示状态的词无被动语态。Happen, rise, occur, take place, break out,Lack, fit, suit, equal, become, resemble, befall, consist of, look like3）双宾语句主动改被动，只将一个宾语改为主语。如直接宾语改做主语，间接宾语前加to。I gave my husband a tie.My husband was g

13、iven a tie.A tie was given to my husband.4) 不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略。I saw her pass by the window.She was seen to pass by the window.5）某些实义动词 副词也表被动意义。This type of recorder sells well.The door wont shut.The shirt washes easily.Nylon dries quickly.6）某些词后跟主动形式的动名词可以表示被动意义，如worth, need, require, want（表需要）等。Th

14、e film is quite worth watching.The classroom is so dirty. It needs cleaning.7) 某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。He is hard to please.The article is difficult to understand.8）被动语态常用介词：by表示动作的执行者或施动力， with表示用某种工具，of 表示用某种原料制成（制成品可辨原料），from表示源于某种物质（制成品不可辨原料）。He is scolded by his father.The letter is written w

15、ith a pencil.The chair is made of plastic.The chips are made from sand.9） 非谓语动词被动语态构成不定式 to be done / to have been done动名词 being done/ having been doneExercise 1. The professor was knowledgeable and eloquent and _ with enthusiasm.A. was always listened B. was always listened to C. always was listene

16、d D. always listened to 2. He returned a week later and found his house _.A. had broken into B. was broken into C. to be broken into D. had been broken into 3. The United Kingdom _Great Britain and Northern Ireland.A. consisted of B. is consisted of C. consists of D. consist Key BDC 4. These oranges

17、 _ nice.A. are tasted B. taste C. is tasted D. tastes 5. In 1950, she was the largest ship that _.A. was ever built B. has ever builtC. has ever been built D. had ever been built 6. The house suddenly collapsed while it _ down.A. was pulled B. pulled C. was being pulled D. had been pulled 7. “How do

18、 you like your new position?” “I _.”A. dont satisfy B. am not satisfiedC. cant satisfy D. havent satisfied Keys: BDCB 8. She _ in the feet on her way home from work.A. was hurting B. is hurtC. hurts D. got hurt 9. There are more than fifty proposals _ at the conference.A. discussed B. to be discusse

19、dC. discussing D. having discussed 10. Though Newton was a great scientist, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of todays scientists.A. are to challenge B. are challengingC. may be challenged D. have been challenged Keys: DBD历年真题：1For some time now, world leaders out the nec

20、essity for agreement on arms reduction. (2002) A. had been pointing B. have been pointing C. were pointing D. pointed2. AIDS is said the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region. (2002) A. being B. to be C. to have been D. having been3. Jack from home for two da

21、ys now, and I am beginning to worry abut his safety. (2003) A. has been missing B. has been missed C. had been missing D. was missed4. James has just arrived, but I didnt know he until yesterday. (2005) A. will come B. was coming C. had been coming D. came5. That was not the first time he us. I thin

22、k its high time we strong actions against him. (2005) A. betrayed; take B. had betrayed; took C. has betrayed; took D. has betrayed; take6. The student said there were a few points in the essay he impossible to comprehend. (2006(55), 2007(59) A. has found B. was finding C. had found D. would find 7. The committee has anticipated the problems that in the road construction project. (2007) A. arise B. will arise C. arose D. have arisen 答案：BCABBCBMissing 的用法：1. Lost:失踪的：a missing person; soldiers missing in action.一个失踪人员；在行动中失踪的战士2. Lacking; wanting:缺乏的；缺少的：This book has 12 missing pages.这本书缺了几页