英语语言学试题.docx

1、英语语言学试题英语语言学试题B卷及答案（III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A， B， C or D in the brackets. （1%20=20%）1) The study of language at one point of time is a _ study.A. synchronic B. historicC.

2、diachronic D. descriptive2）Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which “fall” and “autumn” belong is called _ synonyms. A. stylistic B. dialectal C. emotiveD. collocational3) The sentence “John likes ice-cream” contains _ arguments.A. one B. twoC. none D. three4) Semantics can be d

3、efined as the study of _.A. naming B. meaningC. communication D. context5) Once the notion of _ was taken into consideration， semantics spilled into pragmatics.A. meaning B. contextC. form D. content6) Of the three speech acts， linguists are most interested in the _.A. locutionary act B. perlocution

4、ary actC. illocutionary act D. none of the above7) Most of the violations of the maxims of the Cooperative Principle give rise to _.A. utterance meaning B. speech act theoryC. conversational implicatures D. none of the above8) The significance of Grices CP lies in that it explains how it is possible

5、 for the speaker to convey _ is literally said.A. more than B. less thanC. the same as D. none of the above9) The goal of _ is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a variety of speech communities and different social situations.A. psycholinguistics B. sociolinguisticsC.

6、 historical linguistics D. general linguistics10) Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological， morphological and syntactic systems which are _.A. rule-governed B. systematicC. arbitrary D. both A and B11）As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language peopl

7、e actually use， and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior， it is said to be _.A. prescriptive B. sociolinguisticC. descriptive D. psycholinguistic12) Language is a system of arbitrary _ symbols used for human communication.A. cultural B. conventionalC. decoded D. vocal13) A word with

8、 several meanings is called _.A. an abnormal word B. a polysemous wordC. a synonymous word D. none of the above14) There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed” in the word “learned” is known as a（n） _. A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. inflectional morpheme D. free fo

9、rm 15) The syntactic rules of any language are _ in number.A. large B. smallC. finite D. infinite16) “I bought some roses” _ “I bought some flowers”. A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with 17）The phrase “boys and girls” belongs to the _ construction. A. predicate B.

10、endocentric C. subordinate D. exocentric18) Can I borrow your bike？ _ You have a bike.A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent withC. entails D. presupposes19） Of all the speech organs， the _ is/are the most flexible.A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords20）Chomsky uses the term _ to refer to the

11、 actual realization of a language users knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication. A. langue B. competence C. parole D. performanceIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false：（1%15=15%）1) Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human

12、 communication. 2) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech； thus there are still many languages in todays world that can only be spoken， but not written.3) The open-class words include prepositions.4) In classifying the English consonants and vowels， the sa

13、me criteria can be applied.5) According to semantic triangle， there is no direct link between a symbol and referent， . between a word and a thing it refers to.6)Syntactic categories refer to sentences （S） and clauses （C） only.7)By synchrony we mean to study language change and development.8)The IC a

14、nalysis is not able to analyze split verbs like “do sb. in”.9)The relationship of “flower”， “violet”， “rose” and “tulip” is hyponymy.10)A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.11) Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.12) Phonology is

15、a branch of linguistics which studied the sentences patterns of a language.13) Human capacity for language has a genetic basis， . we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.14) Only words of the same parts of speech can be co

16、mbined to form compounds.15) Sentences are strings of words put together in a random order.V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word， the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only， and you are not allowed to change the l

17、etter given.（1%10=10%）1)The modern linguistics is d_ ，not prescriptive， and its investigations are based on authentic and mainly spoken language data.2)M_ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.3)Langue refers to the language system shared by a community of speaker while p_ contrastd with langu

18、e is the concrete act of speaking in actual situations by an individual speaker.4)The transformational component has transformational rules， which change the deep structures generated by the phrase structure component into s_ structure.5)In semantic triangle， the relation between a word and a thing

19、it refers to is not direct， and it is mediated by c_.6)H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and b_ transcription.7)In the cooperative principle， Grice introduced four categories of are maxim of quality， maxim of quatity， maxim of r_ and maxim of manner.8)The strong version of Sapir-Whorf hopot

20、hesis is that language d_s our thinking pattern.9)There are two major approaches to error analysis： c_ and non-contrastive analysis.10)P_ is the study of language in use.VI. The following two are ambiguous in their meanings. Give your understanding of the different meanings of each expression.（%2=5%

21、）1)Smoking cigar is very harmful.2)The boy saw the man with the telescope.VII. Answer the following questions in English.（4%5=20%）1)What are the four maxims under the cooperative principle？2)What are the design features of language？3)What are the differences between modern linguistics and traditiona

22、l grammar？4)Why do we say that a meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components？5)What do you know about linguistics.参考答案III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A， B，

23、C or D in the brackets. （1%20=20%）1-5ABBBB 6-10 CCABD 11-15CDBCC 16-20ABDCDIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false：（1%15=15%）1）-5）： TTFFT 6）-10）： FFTTF 11）-15）： FFFFFV. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word， the first letter of which is alre

24、ady given as a clue. （1%10=10%）1） descriptive 2） Morpheme 3） parole 4） surface 5）concept6） broad 7）relation 8）determines 9） contrastive 10） PragmaticsVI. The following two sentences are ambiguous in their meanings. Give your understanding of the different meanings of each sentence.（%2=5%）1）The cigar

25、 that is smoking is very harmful.The act of smoking the cigar is very harmful.2）The boy saw the man who had a telescope.Using the telescope， the boy saw the man.VII. Answer the following questions in English.（4%5=20%）1）A. The maxim of quantity1. Make your contribution as informative as required （for

26、 the current purpose of the exchange） .2. Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.B. The maxim of quality1. Do not say what you believe to be false.2. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.C. The maxim of relationBe relevant.D. The maxim of manner1. Avoid obscu

27、rity of expression. 2. Avoid ambiguity.3. Be brief （ avoid unnecessary prolixity） . 4. Be orderly.2）Arbitrariness； Productivity； Duality； Displacement；Cultural transmission；3）A. Linguistics is descriptive， not prescriptiveB. Linguistics regards the spoken language as primary， not the written.C. Ling

28、uistics differs from traditional grammar in that it does not force languages into a Latin-based framework.4）The meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components because it cannot be worked out by adding up all the meanings of its constituent words. For example；（A） The

29、 dog bit the man.（B） The man bit the dog.If the meaning of a sentence were the sum total of the meanings of all its components， then the above two sentences would have the same meaning. In fact they are different in meanings.As we know， there are two aspects to sentence meaning： grammatical mean-ing

30、 and semantic meaning. The grammatical meanings of “the dog” and “the man” in （A） are different from the grammatical meanings of “the dog” and “the man” in （B）. The meaning of a sentence is the product of both lexical and grammatical meaning. It is the product of the meaning of the constituent words and of the grammatical constructions that relate one word syntagmatically to another.英语语言学试题A卷及答案（I. Define the following linguistic terms：（2%10=20%）1） duality 2） displacement 3） phonology 4） morphology 5） concord 6） endocentric construction7） hyponymy 8） pragmatics 9） illocutio