计算机常用术语.docx

1、计算机常用术语第一部分、计算机算法常用术语中英对照Data Structures 基本数据结构Dictionaries 字典Priority Queues 堆Graph Data Structures 图Set Data Structures 集合Kd-Trees 线段树Numerical Problems 数值问题Solving Linear Equations 线性方程组Bandwidth Reduction 带宽压缩Matrix Multiplication 矩阵乘法Determinants and Permanents 行列式Constrained and Unconstrained

2、Optimization 最值问题Linear Programming 线性规划Random Number Generation 随机数生成Factoring and Primality Testing 因子分解/质数判定Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic 高精度计算Knapsack Problem 背包问题Discrete Fourier Transform 离散Fourier变换Combinatorial Problems 组合问题Sorting 排序Searching 查找Median and Selection 中位数Generating Permutatio

3、ns 排列生成Generating Subsets 子集生成Generating Partitions 划分生成Generating Graphs 图的生成Calendrical Calculations 日期Job Scheduling 工程安排Satisfiability 可满足性Graph Problems - polynomial 图论-多项式算法Connected Components 连通分支Topological Sorting 拓扑排序Minimum Spanning Tree 最小生成树Shortest Path 最短路径Transitive Closure and Redu

4、ction 传递闭包Matching 匹配Eulerian Cycle / Chinese Postman Euler回路/中国邮路Edge and Vertex Connectivity 割边/割点Network Flow 网络流Drawing Graphs Nicely 图的描绘Drawing Trees 树的描绘Planarity Detection and Embedding 平面性检测和嵌入Graph Problems - hard 图论-NP问题Clique 最大团Independent Set 独立集Vertex Cover 点覆盖Traveling Salesman Probl

5、em 旅行商问题Hamiltonian Cycle Hamilton回路Graph Partition 图的划分Vertex Coloring 点染色Edge Coloring 边染色Graph Isomorphism 同构Steiner Tree Steiner树Feedback Edge/Vertex Set 最大无环子图Computational Geometry 计算几何Convex Hull 凸包Triangulation 三角剖分Voronoi Diagrams Voronoi图Nearest Neighbor Search 最近点对查询Range Search 范围查询Point

6、 Location 位置查询Intersection Detection 碰撞测试Bin Packing 装箱问题Medial-Axis Transformation 中轴变换Polygon Partitioning 多边形分割Simplifying Polygons 多边形化简Shape Similarity 相似多边形Motion Planning 运动规划Maintaining Line Arrangements 平面分割Minkowski Sum Minkowski和Set and String Problems 集合与串的问题Set Cover 集合覆盖Set Packing 集合配

7、置String Matching 模式匹配Approximate String Matching 模糊匹配Text Compression 压缩Cryptography 密码Finite State Machine Minimization 有穷自动机简化Longest Common Substring 最长公共子串Shortest Common Superstring 最短公共父串DPDynamic Programming动态规划recursion 递归第二部分、编程词汇A2A integration A2A整合abstract 抽象的abstract base class (ABC)抽象基

8、类abstract class 抽象类abstraction 抽象、抽象物、抽象性access 存取、访问access level访问级别access function 访问函数account 账户action 动作activate 激活active 活动的actual parameter 实参adapter 适配器add-in 插件address 地址address space 地址空间address-of operator 取地址操作符ADL (argument-dependent lookup)ADO(ActiveX Data Object)ActiveX数据对象advancedaggr

9、egation 聚合、聚集algorithm 算法alias 别名align 排列、对齐allocate 分配、配置allocator分配器、配置器angle bracket 尖括号annotation 注解、评注API (Application Programming Interface) 应用(程序)编程接口app domain (application domain)应用域application 应用、应用程序application framework 应用程序框架appearance 外观append 附加architecture 架构、体系结构archive file 归档文件、存档

10、文件argument引数(传给函式的值)。参见parameterarray 数组arrow operator 箭头操作符ASP(Active Server Page)活动服务器页面ASP.NET worker process ASP.NET工作者进程assembly 装配件、配件assembly language 汇编语言assembly manifest 装配件清单assert(ion) 断言assign 赋值assignment 赋值、分配assignment operator 赋值操作符associated 相关的、相关联的associative container 关联式容器(对应se

11、quential container)asynchronous 异步的atomic 原子的atomic operation 原子操作attribute 特性、属性authentication service 验证服务authorization 授权audio 音频A.I. 人工智能B2B integration B2B整合、B2B集成(business-to-business integration)background 背景、后台(进程)backward compatible 向后兼容、向下兼容backup 备份backup device备份设备backup file 备份文件bandwid

12、th 带宽base class 基类base type 基类型batch 批处理BCL (base class library)基类库binary 二进制binary search 二分查找binary tree 二叉树binary function 双参函数binary large object二进制大对象binary operator 二元操作符binding 绑定bit 位bitmap 位图bitwise 按位.bitwise copy 为单元进行复制；位元逐一复制,按位拷bitwise operation 按位运算block 块、区块、语句块bookkeeping 簿记boolean

13、布林值(真假值，true或false)border 边框bounds checking 边界检查boxing 装箱、装箱转换brace (curly brace) 大括号、花括号bracket (square brakcet) 中括号、方括号breakpoint 断点browser applications 浏览器应用(程序)browser-accessible application 可经由浏览器访问的应用程序build 编连(专指编译和连接built-in 内建、内置bus 总线business 业务、商务(看场合)business Logic 业务逻辑business rules 业务规

14、则buttons 按钮bug 臭虫by/through 通过byte 位元组(由8 bits组成)cache 高速缓存calendar 日历call 调用callback 回调call-level interface (CLI)调用级接口(CLI)call operator 调用操作符candidate key 候选键 (for database)cascading delete 级联删除 (for database)cascading update 级联更新 (for database)casting 转型、造型转换catalog 目录chain 链(function calls)chara

15、cter 字符character format 字符格式character set 字符集CHECK constraints CHECK约束 (for database)checkpoint 检查点 (for database)check box 复选框check button 复选按钮child class 子类CIL (common intermediate language)通用中间语言、通用中介语言class 类class declaration 类声明class definition 类定义class derivation list 类继承列表class factory 类厂clas

16、s hierarchy 类层次结构class library 类库class loader 类装载器class template 类模板class template partial specializations 类模板部分特化class template specializations 类模板特化classification 分类clause 子句client application 客户端应用程序client cursor 客户端游标 (for database)code page 代码页cleanup 清理、清除CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) 通

17、用语言基础设施client 客户、客户端client area 客户区client-server 客户机/服务器、客户端/服务器clipboard 剪贴板clone 克隆CLS (common language specification) 通用语言规范code access security 代码访问安全COFF (Common Object File Format) 通用对象文件格式collection 集合COM (Component Object Model) 组件对象模型combo box 组合框command line 命令行comment 注释commit 提交 (for dat

18、abase)communication 通讯compatible 兼容compile time 编译期、编译时compiler 编译器component组件composite index 复合索引、组合索引 (for database)composite key 复合键、组合键 (for database)composition 复合、组合concept 概念concrete具体的concrete class 具体类concurrency 并发、并发机制constraint 约束 (for database)configuration 配置、组态connection 连接 (for datab

19、ase)connection pooling 连接池console 控制台constant 常量construct 构件、成分、概念、构造（for language）constructor (ctor) 构造函数、构造器container 容器containment包容context 环境、上下文control 控件cookie (不译)copy 拷贝CORBA 通用对象请求中介架构(Common Object Request Broker Architecture)cover 覆盖、涵盖create/creation 创建、生成crosstab query 交叉表查询 (for databa

20、se)CRTP (curiously recurring template pattern)CTS (common type system)通用类型系统cube 多维数据集 (for database)cursor 光标cursor 游标 (for database)custom 定制、自定义data 数据data connection 数据连接 (for database)Data Control Language (DCL) 数据控制语言(DCL) (for database)Data Definition Language (DDL) 数据定义语言(DDL) (for database)

21、data dictionary 数据字典 (for database)data dictionary view 数据字典视图 (for database)data file 数据文件 (for database)data integrity 数据完整性 (for database)data manipulation language (DML)数据操作语言(DML) (for database)data mart 数据集市 (for database)data pump 数据抽取 (for database)data scrubbing 数据清理 (for database)data sour

22、ce 数据源 (for database)Data source name (DSN) 数据源名称(DSN) (for database)data warehouse 数据仓库 (for database)dataset 数据集 (for database)database 数据库 (for database)database catalog 数据库目录 (for database)database diagram 数据关系图 (for database)database file 数据库文件 (for database)database object 数据库对象 (for database)

23、database owner 数据库所有者 (for database)database project 数据库工程 (for database)database role 数据库角色 (for database)database schema 数据库模式、数据库架构 (for database)database scrpt 数据库脚本 (for database)data-bound 数据绑定 (for database)data-aware control数据感知控件 (for database)data member 数据成员、成员变量dataset 数据集 (for database)

24、data source 数据源 (for database)data structure数据结构data table 数据表 (for database)datagram 数据报文DBMS (database management system)数据库管理系统 (for database)DCOM (distributed COM)分布式COMdead lock 死锁 (for database)deallocate 归还debug 调试debugger 调试器decay 退化decision support 决策支持declaration 声明declarative referential

25、integrity (DRI)声明引用完整性(DRI) (for database)deduction 推导DEFAULT constraint默认约束 (for database)default database 默认数据库 (for database)default instance 默认实例 (for database)default result set 默认结果集 (for database)default 缺省、默认值defer 推迟definition 定义delegate 委托delegation 委托dependent namedeploy 部署dereference 解引用

26、dereference operator (提领)运算子derived class 派生类design by contract 契约式设计design pattern 设计模式destroy 销毁destructor(dtor)析构函数、析构器device 设备DHTML (dynamic HyperText Markup Language)动态超文本标记语言dialog 对话框digest 摘要digital 数字的DIME (Direct Internet Message Encapsulation)直接Internet消息封装directive (编译)指示符directory 目录di

27、rty pages脏页 (for database)dirty read 脏读 (for database)disassembler 反汇编器DISCO (Discovery of Web Services)Web Services的查找disk 盘dispatch 调度、分派、派发（我喜欢“调度”）DISPID (Dispatch Identifier)分派标识符distributed computing 分布式计算distributed query 分布式查询 (for database)DNA (Distributed interNet Application) 分布式网间应用程序doc

28、ument 文档DOM (Document Object Model)文档对象模型dot operator (圆)点操作符driver 驱动(程序)DTD (document type definition) 文档类型定义double-byte character set (DBCS)双字节字符集(DBCS)dump 转储dump file 转储文件dynamic cursor 动态游标 (for database)dynamic filter 动态筛选 (for database)dynamic locking 动态锁定 (for database)dynamic recovery 动态恢复

29、 (for database)dynamic snapshot 动态快照 (for database)dynamic SQL statements 动态SQL语句 (for database)dynamic assembly 动态装配件、动态配件dynamic binding 动态绑定EAI (enterprise application integration)企业应用程序集成(整合)EBCO (empty base class optimization) 空基类优化（机制）e-business 电子商务EDI (Dlectronic Data Interchange)电子数据交换efficiency 效率efficient 高效end-to-end authentication 端对端身份验证end user 最终用户engine 引擎entity 实体encapsulation 封装enclosing class 外围类别(与巢状类别 neste