京津鲁琼专用版高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第二部分第二讲做出推理和判断推理判断题教案.docx

1、京津鲁琼专用版高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第二部分第二讲做出推理和判断推理判断题教案第二讲做出推理和判断推理判断题推理判断题是历年高考英语阅读理解的命题集中点，包括推理和判断两个方面，属于深层理解题。近几年高考对推理判断题的考查量仅次于细节理解题，可见此类题目的重要程度。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种：推断隐含意义、推断目的意图、推断文章出处或读者对象、推断观点态度。高考全国卷推理判断题题量统计考纲解读年份卷别201920182017(1)推理判断是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。(2)

2、主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。(3)推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意思的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。全国卷655全国卷136全国卷336【考查特点】.把握推理判断题常见的命题方式：(1)We can infer from the (first/last) passage that _(2)The passage/author implies/suggests that _(3)It can be concluded from the passage that _(4)The main

3、purpose of the passage is _(5)Where does this passage probably come from?(6)Whats the authors attitude towards.?(7)The writer developed the passage/his main idea by _(8)The first/last paragraph serves as a(n) _.掌握推理判断题的考查角度：(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。(2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、目标读者。推断隐含意义题逻辑分析得结论推断隐含意义题要求考生在

4、理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出合情合理的推理和判断，即考生不仅需要读懂原文， 而且还要理解作者的弦外之音。其涉及的内容可能是文中某一句或某几句话，但做题的指导思想都要以文中提供的信息为依据。常见的设问方式：It can be inferred from the text that _It can be concluded from the passage that _The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that _What can we infer about.?Which of the following statements doe

5、s the passage support?What does the.paragraph imply?典例(2019全国卷B片段)Whaley got the idea of this secondgrade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is abou

6、t more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.26We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _Ahelp students see their own strengthsBassess students public speaking skillsCprepare students for their future jobsDinspire stu

7、dents love for politics第一步确定题干中的关键信息infer that the purpose of Whaleys project第二步定位到原文信息句，并找出体现观点态度的关键句Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves. 第三步进行合理推断得出答案Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，更重要的

8、是让他们发现自己的长处，从而树立自信。自主解答：A第一步确定题干中的关键信息。第二步在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围，立足原文，再结合语境和生活常识进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。 写作意图题文体特点看意图通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。常见的设问方式：What is the main purpose of the text?What is the authors purpose in writing the text?What is the purpose/intention

9、of the author in writing this passage?For what purpose did the author write the passage?The writer writes this passage in order to _典例(2018浙江卷6月A)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a centurymost experts date the f

10、irst novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The steampowered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels,

11、 for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose charactersfrom Oliv

12、er Twist to Tiny Timwere held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stori

13、es, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60，000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a halfdozen of them. Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences fro

14、m all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writ

15、er. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possibleand important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.23What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo remember a great writer.BTo introduce an English novel.CTo encourage studies on culture.DTo p

16、romote values of the Victorian age.第一步确定题干中关键信息purpose第二步速读文章，试找出相关的关键句But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possibleand important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one. 第三步与选项进行对比得出答案根据文中对查尔斯狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍，和文章最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者

17、写本文是为了纪念查尔斯狄更斯这位伟大的作家。自主解答：A写作意图通常有以下三种：1to entertain readers/to tell an experience常见于记叙文、个人经历或故事类的文章。2to persuade readers/to sell a product or a service/to attract readers or visitors常见于广告。3to inform readers/to report/to tell/to describe常见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类的文章，以及劝告类或建议类的文章。 观点态度题依据措辞定态度高考英语阅读理解对观

18、点态度类的设题越来越灵活，题目难度也有所增加，考查作者对文中人、事、物或内容的观点或态度的题量较多。这对考生对文章的主旨大意和细节的理解提出了更高的要求，考生要利用多种阅读理解的技巧来仔细确定提干的关键信息，借此定位文中的原句并准确推断出答案。常见的设问方式：How does the author feel about.?What does the author think of.?What is the authors opinion on/about.?What is the authors attitude towards/to.?How does the author sound in

19、.paragraph?How does the author sound when telling the story?The author thinks.is _The authors attitude towards.can be described as _.典例(2018北京卷D片段)Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the re

20、al world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly selfdriving cars.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt extend the worst aspects of

21、the carcontrolled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.50What is the authors

22、attitude to the future of selfdriving cars?ADoubtful. Positive.CDisapproving. Sympathetic.第一步确定题干中的关键信息the authors attitude to the future of selfdriving cars第二步定位到原文信息句，并找出进行推断的关键句首段中的Well, the future is apparently now.和尾段中的The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.第三步进行合理推断得出答案无人

23、驾驶汽车的时代马上到来，准备好迎接它吧。由此推断作者对无人驾驶汽车的发展持积极乐观的态度。自主解答：B1注意作者或文中人物的措辞：文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。2牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定：positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；hu

24、morous幽默的；enthusiastic热情的；pleasant愉快的。(2)表示中立：indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的；uninterested不感兴趣的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；not mentioned未提及的。(3)表示反对或否定：disgusted憎恶的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；suspicious/skeptical怀疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞成的。 文章出处或读者对象题语言特色推出处或读者对象文章来源题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的

25、出处和类别。读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象，即作者预定的读者对象是什么人。常见的设问方式：From which is the text probably taken?In which of the following would this passage most likely be found?The passage is probably taken out of _Where would the passage most probably appear?The passage is probably intended for _The text is w

26、ritten mainly for _Who are the intended readers of the passage?典例(2019全国卷C片段)As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private espaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive,

27、 though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer

28、of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whethe

29、r someone gets the password right.31Where is this text most likely from?AA diary. A guidebook.CA novel. A magazine.第一步确定题干中的关键信息likely from第二步定位到原文，寻找相关信息Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device(装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard. 第三步进行合理推断得出答案根据

30、本文的话题“智能键盘”以及关键词researchers，lowcost device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道。科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。自主解答：D从文章的内容或结构判断其出处：1报纸：前面常会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。2广告：格式特殊，容易辨认。3产品说明：常含有操作方式、使用方法等。4网页：常含有网页的典型用语，如click等。 (2019全国卷B)“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply

31、from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent wit