情态动词及其它动词中考英语复习.docx

1、情态动词及其它动词中考英语复习第07讲_情态动词及其它动词知识图谱-情态动词-其它动词can,may,must用法will,shall,need, had better用法连系动词助动词第07讲_情态动词及其它动词错题回顾情态动词知识精讲一、情态动词的定义情态动词本身有各种意义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气、情感和态度，这样的动词称为情态动词。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。常用的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, will, would, shall, should, need, dare等。二、常见情态动词的

2、用法1.can, could的用法1).表示能力、技能。例：She can swim fast, but I cant. 她能游得快，但我不能。Can you swim? 你会游泳吗？2).表示请求和允许。例：- Can I go now? 我现在可以走了吗？-Yes, you can. ( No, you cant.)3).表示推测，意为“可能”，常用与否定句和疑问句中，此时cant意为“不可能”。例：Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗？This cant be done by him. 这个不可能是他干的。4).在疑问句中，此时could并不是can的过去式，只是

3、表示委婉的语气。例：- Could you do me a favor? 您能帮我个忙吗？ - Yes, I can. (No, Im afraid not.) 是的，我能。（不，我恐怕不能。） 5). 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。例：Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.他们已经改变了时刻表，因此我们可以乘公交车去。This hall can hold 500 people at least.这个大厅至少可以容纳500个人。2.may, might的用法1).表请求和允许，might比may语气更委婉，而

4、不是过去式。例：You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。-May (Might) I smoke here? 我可以在这里吸烟吗？ - Yes, you can. (No, you cant/ mustnt.) 是的，你能。（不，你不能/禁止。）2). 表示推测可能（不用于疑问句），might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 例：He may/ might be busy now.他可能现在很忙吧。 Your mother may/ might not know the truth.你妈妈可能不知道真相。3.must, have to的用法1

5、). 两词都表示“必须、必要”的意思。have to强调客观需要，must是说话人主观的看法。例：My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，因此我不得不半夜里把医生请来。- Must we hand in our homework today? 我们必须今天上交作业吗？-Yes, you must. ( No, you dont have to/ you neednt.) 是的，你必须。（不，你不必。）2). have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只

6、有一种形式。例：He had to look after his sister at home yesterday.昨天他不得不在家照看妹妹。3). 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）例：Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 你是汤姆的好朋友，因此你一定知道他最喜欢什么。Your mother must be waiting for you now.你的妈妈一定正在等着你。4.will, would的用法1).表示“将、将要、自愿做”等。例：People will die without air or wa

7、ter.人离开水和空气将会死的。2). will表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。例：Will/ Would you please pass me the ball, please?您能递给我这个球吗？Would you like to go with me?你想和我一起去吗？5.shall, should的用法1). shall的用法(1). 用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。例：Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?汤姆明天可以和我一起去吗？ Shall I wear the evening dress for your pa

8、rty?我可以穿晚礼服参加你的晚会吗？(2). 用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告或威胁。例：You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.明天你就会得到我的答复。2). should的用法(1). 用来提供帮助、提出建议，要求对方给出意见。例：Should I help you with the community affairs?我可以帮你做一些社区事务吗？(2). 表达义务、职责等。例：I think todays children should really learn to respect their elders.我认为当今的

9、孩子应该好好学习尊敬长辈。6.need, dare的用法1). need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。例：You neednt come so early. 你不必这么早来。- Need I finish the work today? 我有必要今天完成作业吗？ - Yes, you must. (No, you neednt.) 是的，你必须。（不，你不必。）2). dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。例：How dare you say Im un

10、fair?你怎敢说我不公平呢？He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?他不敢在这么多人面前说英语，他敢吗？3). dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。例：I dare to swim across this river. 我敢在这条河上游泳。He doesnt dare (to) answer. 他不敢回答。He needs to finish his homewo

11、rk today. 他今天需要完成作业。4). need后面接doing表示被动：need doing = need to be done.例：The washing machine needs repairing. = The washing machine needs to be repaired. 洗衣机需要（被）修理。7.had better的用法表示“最好”，相当于一个助动词，只有一种形式，后面要跟动词原形had better (not) do sth.例：It is pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat. （注：Youd better =Y

12、ou had better）天很冷，你最好把我的大衣穿上。三点剖析一、考点：要求考生能熟练掌握常用情态动词can, may, must, need等的基本用法。中考对情态动词的考查主要是在单项选择的题型中考查。备考时考生要从整体上把握情态动词的语法和语义特征，掌握每个情态动词的用法特点及功能，仔细揣摩语境中说话者的情感、态度和语气。二、易错点：1.注意：can和be able to两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形和过去式两种形式，在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。例：Jim cant speak Eng

13、lish.吉姆不会说英语。 Im sure youll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。2.“May I ? ”表示请求许可时，否定回答要用mustnt或cant，而不能用may not。例：-May I go now? 我现在可以走吗？-Yes, you may/ can. 是的，可以。/ No, you mustnt/ cant. 不，不可以去。3. 对must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must；否定回答用neednt/ dont have to.而不能用mustnt. 因为mustnt表“禁止”之意。例：-Must I clean th

14、e dining room at once? 我必须现在立刻打扫餐厅吗？ -Yes, you must. 是的， 你必须马上打扫。/ No, you dont have to. / neednt. 不，不必了。4. need 做情态动词，意思为“需要、必须”，通常用于否定句中。例：You neednt do all these exercises.你不需要做所有的这些练习。题模精讲题模一 can,may,must用法例1.1、_ you help me answer the telephone?A、MayB、CanC、MustD、Need例1.2、- Mum, _ I play compute

15、r games?-Yes, you can, but you have to finish your homework first.A、wouldB、mustC、mayD、need例1.3、-Must I hand in all my money, Mum?-No, you _. You can use it to buy some school things.A、mustntB、cantC、needntD、should例1.4、-Susan, would you like to go hiking with us this afternoon?-Id love to, but I _ stu

16、dy for a test.A、mayB、canC、willD、have to例1.5、_ you speak English?Yes, but only a little.A、CanB、MustC、NeedD、Ma例1.6、- Listen! Is that Kate playing the piano in the room?- No. It _ be Kate. She has gone to London.A、may notB、needntC、mustntD、cant例1.7、-Tom, dont drive too fast, you _ hit the others cars.-O

17、K.A、mayB、needC、mustD、have to题模二 will,shall,need, had better用法例2.1、_ you like to have a cup of tea with me this afternoon?A、WillB、CanC、WouldD、Should例2.2、I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police?A、mayB、shouldC、willD、can例2.3、Its half past two. I think we_gohomeA、

18、had betterB、had better toC、have betterD、had better to例2.4、- _ he bring this notebook tomorrow?- Yes, he must.A、WillB、MayC、CanD、Need随堂练习随练1.1、- Is the man standing outside the teachers office your English teacher?- No, it _ be him. He has gone to Beijing.A、couldntB、cantC、mustntD、neednt随练1.2、-_ I use

19、your ruler please?- Certainly, here you are.A、MustB、DoC、MayD、Have随练1.3、You _ come so late next time, it is not polite.A、canB、mustC、needntD、mustnt随练1.4、You _ be tired after playing sports for a long time without a rest.A、canB、mustC、shouldD、need随练1.5、-Where is Tom?- He _ in the dining room. He said he

20、 was hungry just now.A、may beB、maybeC、mayD、can随练1.6、_ you please show me the way to bus station?A、CanB、MayC、MustD、Would随练1.7、If you have a plenty time, you _ do more exercise .A、wouldB、mightC、shouldD、could随练1.8、- Mrs. Wang, must I come again to clean the classroom on Sunday?- No, you _. I have asked

21、 Kate to do it.A、needntB、shouldntC、mustntD、cant随练1.9、Its getting late. You _ start quickly.A、had toB、had betterC、would like toD、would rather其它动词知识精讲一、连系动词系动词也叫连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。1.状态系动词：表示主语状态，只有be一词，例： He is a teacher.他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份）2.持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或

22、保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie,stand等。例：He always kept silent at meeting.他总是在会上保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 这件事仍是一个谜。3.表“像”系动词：表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look等。例：He looks tired.他看起来很疲倦。 He seems (to be) very sad.他似乎很伤心。 4. 感官系动词：feel摸、感觉起来, smell闻起来, sound听起来, taste尝起来, look看起来。

23、例： This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布料摸起来很柔软。 This flower smells very sweet.花儿闻起来很甜香。 5. 变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, get, go等。例：He became mad after that.在这之后他变疯了。The weather is getting worse and worse.天气变得越来越糟。 6. 终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实，变成”之意，例： The rumor prove

24、d false.这谣言证实是假的。 His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。二、助动词助动词本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独用作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有be, have, do, will, shall等。它们的作用如下：助动词作用例句beis/ am/ are +现在分词doing 构成现在进行时They are having a meeting.was/ were +现在分词doing 构成过去进行时He was watching TV at that moment.be+过去分词don

25、e 构成被动语态The window was broken by Tom.do形式有do, does, did, 用于构成疑问句和否定句；或用在动词前加强语气。1. Did you study German?2. He doesnt like to study.3. Do come to my birthday party.havehas/ have+过去分词done 构成现在完成时He has left for London.had +过去分词done 构成过去完成时By the end of last month, they hadfinished half of their work.h

26、as/ have+ been+过去分词done 构成完成时被动语态English has been taught in China formany years.will/shallwill/ shall+动词原形 构成一般将来时1. He will go to Shanghai tomorrow.2. I shall study harder at English.would/ should+动词原形 构成过去将来时1. He said he would come.2. I telephoned him yesterday to askwhat I should do next week.三点剖析一、考点：了解动词的分类，熟练掌握系动词和助动词的用法二、重难点：系动词的分类和助动词在句中的作用要熟练运用。三、易错点：1. 除了be和become等少数词可以接名词作表语外