高考英语二轮复习第一讲 提升英语写作的三板斧.docx

1、高考英语二轮复习第一讲 提升英语写作的三板斧卷别语用目的语用对象文体形式提示类型2019全国卷申请做中国画展览的志愿者当地美术馆负责人申请信提纲式半开放2019全国卷告知队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛队友Chris告知信提纲式半开放2019全国卷邀请英国朋友Allen参加学校音乐节英国朋友Allen邀请信提纲式半开放2018全国卷Terry向李华询问中国做客习俗新西兰朋友Terry介绍类书信提纲式半开放2018全国卷写一则观影通知校宣传栏“英语天地”书面通知提纲式半开放2018全国卷英国朋友Peter询问学生体育运动情况英国朋友Peter介绍类书信提纲式半开放2017全国卷通知英国朋友Les

2、lie下次上课的计划英国朋友Leslie告知信提纲式半开放2017全国卷邀请外教Henry参观剪纸艺术展外教Henry邀请信提纲式半开放2017全国卷邀请留学生朋友Eric加入校乒乓球队留学生朋友Eric邀请信提纲式半开放1.语用目的讲好中国故事，增强文化自信高考书面表达的情境设置真实，任务要求符合考生能力水平，又自然融入了我国优秀传统文化的内容，能够引导考生在使用外语了解世界的同时，注重传承和发扬中华民族优秀文明成果，运用中国元素讲好中国故事，增强文化自信。2.文体形式以应用文为主，主要考查书信/电子邮件从近几年高考全国卷来看，书面表达主要考查应用文，其中以电子邮件为主，邀请信、告知信、介绍

3、类书信考查较多，只有2018年全国卷考查了书面通知。电子邮件是生活中最常用的应用文体，近几年来，当仁不让地成为了命题专家的最爱，而这也符合了高考“重考查深度更重考查广度”、“贴近生活”的趋势特点。3.提示类型以提纲作文为主，试题的开放性越来越强近几年高考书面表达主要以提纲作文为主，但提示越来越简洁，试题的开放性逐渐增强。(半)开放性体现在试题既为考生提供了恰当的提示，又留有供其自由发挥的空间，既让低水平的考生有话可写，又让高水平考生有展现自己语言表达能力的机会，保证试卷的区分度。普通作文VS高分作文找出差距才能目标明确普通作文常见问题高分作文优秀特质1.内容方面：审题有误要点不全过度发挥2.结

4、构方面：缺乏语篇设计段落安排不合理结构混乱3.语言方面(1)词汇方面单词拼写错误词性误用词汇运用不准确(2)句子结构基本句式错误，不会熟练运用五种基本句式忽视英语句子特点，常用汉语式英语(3)语法方面时态运用不准确动词形式错误从句使用错误4.书写方面潦草，大小写不规范，字迹不工整，难识别。自行在试卷上画横格线。1.要点完整审题准确要点齐全发挥合理2.结构合理段落层次合理条理清晰很好地运用“三段式”作文法3.表达流畅选词准确能灵活运用高级词汇，语言功底深厚。句式多变，长短句结合，能灵活运用非谓语动词、定语从句、倒装句和强调句等高级句式。4.书写美观书写规范，卷面整洁，给人赏心悦目之感。高考书面表

5、达评分细则各省可能根据情况稍有不同1.本题满分为25分，按5个档次给分。 如果是第四档(16-20分)，那么就给18分。好处是：阅卷教师们“没有风险”，怎么都说得过去。坏处是：低分下不去，高分上不来。2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3.词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。4.评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。5.评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将其分数降低一个档次。书面表达评价表自我评价与同

6、伴互评写作训练时，教师评价和修改虽重要，但自我评价和同伴互评效果更佳，可以借鉴下表进行自我评价和同伴互评。评价项目自我评价同伴评价修正与提高1.书写工整吗？有没有乱涂乱画？2.句子开头注意大小写了吗？3.有没有注意标点符号？4.将文章分段了吗？分成了几段？5.有单词拼写错误吗？几个？6.有时态错误吗？误用了哪种时态？7.注意主谓一致了吗？8.有没有使用关联词？使用得当吗？9.有没有词性的错误？哪一种？10.是否注意使用了复杂的句子结构？11.有没有用好词好句？用了哪些？第一讲提升英语写作的“三板斧”从“素颜”到“惊艳”微技能一学会用词准确得体亮眼单词和短语是文章最基本的组成单位。用词是否准确、

7、出彩在一定程度上决定了作文能否得高分。高考英语书面表达评分标准也鼓励考生使用高级词汇，但使用高级词汇并不等于使用一些偏难、古怪的词汇，而是使用一些表意准确、形象生动、语法正确且符合以英语为母语的人的习惯表达方式的词汇。在使用词汇时，我们可以尝试如下方法。1.无重复原则求雅变异写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的词汇水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是词汇高级用法的体现。恰当地使用同义词不仅可以体现雅致的文风，还有利于增强段落的统一性和连贯性。By learning English I have broadened my mental horizons and inc

8、reased my knowledge in different fields.By learning English I have broadened my mental horizons and increased my knowledge in various fields.(2019全国卷满分作文)通过学英语我开阔了我的视野，增加了我在各领域的知识。2.具体化原则生动贴切所谓词义具体化原则是指，写作中尽量避免使用意义宽泛、模糊的词，而要根据语境使用具体生动的词。So good do they look that I think you could be interested in th

9、em.So attractive and alive do they look that I think you could be interested in them.(2017全国卷满分作文)3.晚词优先原则新颖高级为了表现自己的语言功底，吸引阅卷老师的眼球，尽量用高年级阶段学到的词汇代替低年级阶段学到的词汇。Aimed to help us to know the importance of working，an activity themed “Working is the most beautiful” was held last week.Aimed to help us to b

10、e aware of the importance of working，an activity themed “Working is the most beautiful” was held last week.(2019北京卷满分作文)旨在帮助我们意识到劳动的重要性，上周举办了一次主题为“劳动最光荣”的活动。4.短语优先原则凑词增色用短语代替不仅会使文章增加亮点，而且如果关键时刻思维短路，用短语凑字是一个很好的选择。(1)形容词变短语的方法：of同根名词形容词对应短语very importantof great importancevery usefulof great usevery v

11、aluableof great valuevery beneficialof great benefitvery helpfulof great helpWorking as a volunteer will be very beneficial to my oral English.Working as a volunteer will be of great benefit to my oral English.(2019全国卷满分作文)做一名志愿者将会对我的口语很有益。(2)动词变短语的方法：同义短语替换动词对应短语think hold the view know/realizebe a

12、ware ofusemake use of/take advantage of注意：更多短语替换参考P275“高级词汇添色彩”部分。I like playing football in my spare time.Im fond of playing football in my spare time.Im interested in playing football in my spare time.Im crazy about playing football in my spare time.Im addicted to playing football in my spare time

13、.I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions.I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account/consideration.注意：并不是短语一定会比单词好，要根据具体情况，有时候贴切传神的单词要比短语更合适。例如：We can look at this problem in many ways.We can view this problem in many ways.(view比look at更有内涵)We all live on one and t

14、he same planet.We all share one and the same planet.(share比live on更有“味感”)很多考生作文裹足不前的一个重要原因是反复用初中学过的“第一反应词”，背了大量的靓词妙语而不用。建议大家在想到一个表达时，务必要想一想还有没有更好的表达方式，这就是我们平时常讲的“头脑风暴法”，例如：beautifulattractive/charming，difficulttough/challenging注意：高级词汇一定要使用合理、得体，能够完成表达任务为目的，简单地不加分别地堆砌所谓的高级词汇不仅不能让你的作文增色添彩，而且会令阅卷者心生厌恶。

15、【即时训练】.用高级词汇替换加黑词语1.He should have driven more slowly.He is supposed to have driven more slowly.2.Because of the good weather，our journey was comfortable.Thanks to the good weather，our journey was comfortable.3.Most of the students are short-sighted.The majority of the students are short-sighted.4.T

16、he rain was heavy，and as a result the road was flooded.The rain was heavy，and consequently the road was flooded.5.Jack is very clever，who often thinks of new ideas.Jack is very clever，who often comes up with new ideas.6.Some students think that they should save some of their pocket money for books.S

17、ome students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.7.Im very glad to learn that you are coming in September.Im more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.8.Would you please help me to turn down the radio?Would you please do me the favor to turn down the

18、radio?.根据提示用高级词汇改写下列句子1.As a result，the plan was a failure.(turn)The plan turned out to be a failure.2.I believe that our country will become stronger and stronger.(convince)I am convinced that our country will become stronger and stronger.3.He spends all his spare time in reading.(devote)He devotes

19、 all his spare time to reading.4.As soon as he arrived，he began his research.(介词短语作状语)On his arrival，he began his research.5.The summer vacation is coming.(介词短语作表语)The summer vacation is round the corner.6.Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.(occur)An idea occurred to me tha

20、t/It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.7.Developing a good habit is also important.(ofn.)Developing a good habit is also of importance/significance.8.The number of English learners is increasing.(介词短语作表语)The number of English learners is on the rise.9.I sincerely hope that you wil

21、l consider my suggestions.(take)I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account.10.More and more Americans are curious about Chinese culture.(number)An increasing number of Americans are curious about Chinese culture.微技能二学会写句简洁求异高级句式单一、缺乏生气的文章，哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分。考生在写作文时应多运用一些高级句式和复合句，并注意

22、句式的灵活多变，让文章读起来抑扬顿挫，让深厚的语言功底得以体现，让书面表达拽起来！运用多样句式有以下几种方式。无重复原则变异求新句式无重复是指在同一篇文章中，不要过多地使用同一种句式。例如表达个人观点时不要通篇都是I think或In my opinion；表达建议时不要通篇都是You should.或者Youd better.。长短句相间原则错落有致短句一般语气重，多在一个复杂的意思表达完成之后表示强调，富有力度；长句则适用于准确表达复杂的思想。运用长短句相间原则可以很好地发挥两种句子的优点。反之，如果只用长句或短句，则会使行文显得过于单调。所以，在写作中应该是长句和短句交替使用。请看下面考

23、生范文：Last Sunday morning I went to the park by bike.I was walking in the park when a couple stopped me and asked if I could help to take some photos of them.I offered my service willingly.With many thanks，they waved goodbye to me.However，a few minutes later，I found they had dropped a black handbag on

24、 the bench where they had sat.Believing they must return to look for the handbag，I decided to wait for them，with the handbag in my hand.Soon，they hurried back and I returned the handbag to them.They thanked me again and again.What a great pleasure it was to help others out!文章长短句相间，本文用了三个长句，分别是when连接

25、的并列句，其中含有一个if引导的宾语从句；where引导的定语从句；现在分词短语作状语。其余都是短句。文章张弛有度，错落有致。高级句式原则在写作中，恰当地运用23个高级句式是获得高分的必备条件。下面为考生推荐几种能有效提升写作档次的王牌句式，供大家选择使用，希望大家能够对它们烂熟于心，在考场上能信手拈来。在考前备考过程中，要有意识地把背诵过的句式尝试运用到写作中去，碰到一个句子时，要想一想有没有更好的表达句式。如把两个简单句合为定语从句，把一般句变为强调句等，更要看一下能否套用学过的句型，如“not.until.句型”，“so.that.句型”等。学会用英语思维，养成用英语高级句式写作的习惯。

26、一、学会使用高级简单句1.运用介词短语Instead of giving us answers immediately，he encourages us to think by ourselves.(介词短语作状语)他鼓励我们独立思考，而不是马上告诉我们答案。2.运用不定式短语I feel much honored to have the chance to make my voice heard.(不定式短语作状语和定语)(2019天津卷满分作文)我很荣幸有机会让大家倾听我的声音。3.运用分词短语Knowing that you are fond of classical music，Id

27、like to invite you to participate in a Chinese classical music concert.(现在分词短语作状语)(2019全国卷满分作文)了解到你喜欢古典音乐，我想邀请你参加一个中国古典音乐会。Compared with letters and public phones，mobile phones and the Internet are faster and much more convenient.(过去分词短语作状语)与信件和公用电话相比，手机和网络更快，也更方便。The Beijing Zoo，built in 1906，has a

28、 history of more than 100 years.(过去分词短语作定语)北京动物园，建于1906年，有100多年的历史了。二、学会使用高级复合句1.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句定语从句有多种形式，引导词也有若干，但最容易掌握、最常运用的是as和which引导的非限制性定语从句。(1)表达“正如”这一含义时，我们常用as引导的非限制性定语从句，它常放在主句之前，有时也可放在主句之中或主句之后。常见的句式有：As we all know./As is known to all.众所周知As he pointed out.正如他所指出的那样As the famous sayi

29、ng goes.正如名言所说As we all know，our friends lend us a helping hand when we need help and they help us get through difficult situations.(2)which 引导的非限制性定语从句which 在引导非限制性定语从句时，可以指代某个单词，也可以代指整个主句，在从句中可以作主语或宾语。Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture，I suggest you apply for Peking University，which is

30、 one of the best universities in China.(2018北京卷满分作文)得知你对中国文化有兴趣，我建议你申请北京大学，它是中国最好的大学之一。2.what和that引导的名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其中what，that所引导的名词性从句是写作中常见的高级表达方式。what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，而that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。What you told me about your country broadened my horizons and aroused my interest in foreign culture.(主语从句)(2019浙江卷满分作文)你告诉我的关于你的国家事情开阔了我的视野，激发了我对外国文化的兴趣。In addition，what may interest you most (主语从句) is that I am really nervous and upset (表语从句) when taking the exam.另外，最使你感兴趣的是当考试的时候，我真的很紧