定语从句汇总讲解学案.docx

1、定语从句汇总讲解学案高中定语从句汇总讲解英语谚语欣赏1. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for nothing.不懂装懂，一事无成.2. Its the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.定语从句相关考点1、关系代词和关系副词的选取；2、定语从句及主谓一致；3、关系代词的省略问题；4、介词+which/whom中介

2、词的正确选用；5、that 及 which; who 及 whom; who及 that；as及which之间的选取；6、定语从句及强调句型； 7、双重定语从句；8、way 后面的定语从句 9、定语从句（ the same()that/assuch()assoas）结果状语从句（such()thatsothat）Step 1 Leading-in （导入）用下划线标出下文中定语或定语从句。He is a clever student. He is a student who is good at English. He lives in a small village. His grandfa

3、ther lived there before. I know a girl who lives in the village too. Her name is Wang Fang. Wang Fangs father is a farmer. He is a hard-working farmer.Step 2 语法讲解一、定语从句的定义及相关术语1定语从句，又称_性从句，用来修饰某一_词或_词，一般紧跟在被修饰词的后面。2.定语从句的要素：_ 和 _：被定语从句修饰的词为先行词，先行词常为_或_；引导定语从句的词为关系词，分为_和_；关系词通常有三个功能：引导句子；代替先行词；在定语从句中

4、担当一个成分。关系代词：_，_，_，_，_，在定语从句中充当_、_、_。在定语从句中主语宾语定语先行词指人who / that(whom) / (who) / (that)whose先行词指物which / that(which) / (that)whose准关系代词：as, but, than。（下文详细说明）关系副词：_，_，_，在定语从句中充当_。先行词表示时间状语地点状语原因状语时间when/地点/where/原因（the reason）/why3.分类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句1)限制性定语从句，是对先行词加以限制或分类，为句中不可缺少的部分，主句和从句之间不能用逗号分开。在

5、限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时常被省去。在美国英语中，that比which更常用。2)非限制性定语从句，是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不影响句子的完整，需用逗号分开。关系代词as，which，who，whom，whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词when，where也能引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作状语。3)非限制性定语从句中的关系代词which，可指代整个主句或主句中的一部分，但不能用that取代，关系代词which作宾语或表语时不能省略。Exercise 1：用（）划出定语从句、用 _划出先行词，并翻译成中文。1.The book which you

6、were looking for was sold out.中文：_2.The people who work in the educational institution are very friendly.中文：_3.The sun, which had been hidden all day, came out now.中文：_4.Chopin, whose works are world-famous, composed some of his music in this room.中文：_5.She said that the man was an architect, which

7、turned out to be true.中文：_6.Everywhere you can see peoplein fashionable clothes, which shows they must have well-paid jobs.中文：_二、定语从句解题三步法：第一：找出先行词和定语从句；第二：看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、定语或状语）；第三：选择合适的关系词。三、怎样运用关系代词和关系副词I、如果先行词是表示人的词，作主语时多用who，作宾语时多用whom、who或that（此时可以省略关系代词）；如果先行词是表示物的词，无论作主语、宾语都可用which或th

8、at，作宾语时可以省略。但在非限制性定语从句或介词之后，不能用that，只能用which.在定语从句中主语宾语定语先行词指人who / that(whom) / (who) / (that)whose先行词指物which / that(which) / (that)whoseExercise2：用关系代词填空（答案多样）1）Yesterday I met Mr. Li_ told me the whole matter.2）I cant find the book_is borrowed from the library.3）Players _keep warm exercises befor

9、e the match play much better than those _dont.4）This is the classroom in _we study. 5）Do you know the man_is selling fruits near our school?6）I want to chat with the man _ name is George.7）A letter _is written in pencil is difficult to read. 8）Do you know the gentleman_Mary spoke to just now?9）The b

10、ook_I bought yesterday is very interesting.10）The factory in_his father works is far from here.II.关系代词whose作既指人又指物，在从句中作定语，译成“人的，物的”.注意：whose=先行词的所有格 在定语从句中主语宾语定语先行词指人who / that(whom) / (who) / (that)whose先行词指物which / that(which) / (that)whosewhose + N.=the +N. + of which / whom= of which / whom + t

11、he +N. Exercise 3：1.The girl, _father is a lawyer, is good at spoken English.2.The girl, _father of_is a lawyer, is good at spoken English.3.The girl, of whom _is a lawyer, is good at spoken English.4.We lived in the hotel room, _door faced south. 5.We lived in the hotel room, _ _ faced south.6.We l

12、ived in the hotel room, _faced south. 7.This is the desk _are broken.A. legs of which B. whose legs C. that D. which 8.He lives in the room, the windows _faces to the south.A. of whose B. of that C. of which D. whoseIII. 如果表示先行词的一部分如何时，指物就用of which，指人就用of whom，即some，any, several, each, two(数词),all,

13、both等加of which或of whom.Exercise 4：1.The committee consists of 20 members, 5 _ are women.2.The book contains 50 poems, most_ were written in 1930s.3.They had a sentence, the meaning _ was completely beyond them.4.He has three sons, all _died in the war.A. of them B. of which C. of whom D. which注意：定语从

14、句及并列句的区别定语从句及并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。Mr. Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer ( )Mr. Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer ( )IV. 如果先行词是such, so, the same 或被such, so, the same所修饰时，关系词用as。“诸如/像 的人或事” - “such + 名词 + as + 定语从句” / “名词 +such + as

15、 + 定语从句” “和 一样的人或事” - “the same + 名词 + as + 定语从句” （指两物相似）“the same + 名词 + that + 定语从句” （描述同一物品）“和 一样 的人或事” -“as + 形容词 + 名词 + as + 定语从句” Exercise 5:1.We will only discuss such problems _ have something to do with our own interests.中文：_2.Dont do such things _ you are not sure about.中文：_3.This is the s

16、ame village _you visited when you were very young.中文：_4.He was telling the kids as funny a story _ he did last time.中文：_5.This is the same bag _ I lost yesterday. Thank you.中文：_注意： as在定语从句中作宾语时不可省略。V、先行词是表示地点(如：place, school, factory)、时间（如：time, day, week, tear, month）、原因(reason)的名词或含有地点、时间、原因意义的抽象名

17、词，若在从句中作状语，用where（表示地点）、 when（表示时间）、 why（表示原因），相当于相应的介词+which；若在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，要用that或which。Exercise6:用关系代词或关系副词填空1.This is the room _ he lives. 2.I can see the playground _they do sports3.I still remember the year _I joined the Party. 4.I still remember the day _ I joined the Party. 5.I still remembe

18、r the hour _ the rocket was launched6.This is the reason _he was killed7.This is the town _I spent my childhood.8.The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.9.Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.10.Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.11.This is the reason _ I didn

19、t come here.12.The reason _ she gave was not true.注意：关系副词可以改写成 “介词+which/whom”的形式；但是，“介词+which/whom”的形式不一定能改写成关系副词。思考？在定语从句中如何正确判断及使用介词?Exercise 7: 尝试用“介词+关系代词”填写下列句子1.Is this the house _ Shakespeare was born?2.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.3.Her bag, _ sh

20、e put all her money, has been stolen.4.This is the ring _ she spent 1000 dollars.5.Xiao Wang,_ I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.方法1.看定语从句中动词或形容词及介词的搭配1. The girlfor whom he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.2. He is the man on whom I think you can depend .3. H

21、e referred to some reference bookswith which I am not very familiar.方法2.看从句中的动词或动词词组及先行词的搭配1.He made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was going on outside the house.2.The librarianwithwhom I just shook hands works heart and soul.方法3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词及先行词搭配1.The rateatwhich wild animal

22、s are being destroyed has increased.2.This is our classroom,in the front of（在前面）which there is a teachers desk.小结：介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词只能用_或_; 介词的选择要视先行词、句意及及动词的搭配而定。VI.which，as 也可引导一个非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句所表达的内容（即把整个主句看成是先行词）。Which译成“这（一点）” ; as译成“正如”。which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的 句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放

23、在句子后。如：1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.中文：_2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know.或As you know, Jack is an honest man.中文：_注意: as 的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如：1.as is said / mentioned above如上所述 2.as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样 3.as is well known 众所

24、周知 4.as was expected 正如预料的那样5.as has been already pointed out正如已经指出的那样6.as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样7.as is often the case 通常如此8.as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报道的VII.只能用that, 不用 which.1.先行词为不定代词everything, nothing ,anything, few, little, much, all, none时： Finally, the thief handed everything

25、that he had stolen.2.先行词被both,all,every,each, no,any, few,little,much,some修饰时 There is no difficulty (that) we cant smooth away. 3.先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时 He is the only person that I want to see now.4.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。 This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.5.先行词同时指人和指物时 We talked about the things and pers