1、完整版英语中的十六种时态英语中的十六种时态(1)一般现在时基本形式(以 do 为例): 第三人称单数: does(主语为非第三人称单数); 肯定句:主语动词原形其他;He works for us.否定句:主语 dont/doesnt动词原形其他;He doesnt work for us.一般疑问句: Do/Does主语动词原形其他。肯定回答: Yes,( 主语 do/does)否定回答: No,(主语 dont/doesnt.)特殊疑问句:疑问词 +一般疑问句语Does he work for us?Yes, he does.No, he doesntWhat does he do for
2、 us?He works for us.(2)一般过去时be动词行为动词的过去式否定句式:在行为动词前加 didnt,同时还原行为动词,或 waswerenot; was或 were 放于句首;用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问,同时还原行为动词 例如: Did he work for us?He didnt work for us.He worked for us.(3)一般将来时amare is going todo 或will shalldoam/is/are/about to + doam/is/are to + do;般将来时的表达方法be going to +动词原形 be +
3、不定式, be to+动词原形, be about to 动词原形be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 will + 动词原形; 例如: He is going to work for us.He will work for us ;He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达 将来时态 的例子!(4)过去将来时 be(was,were) going to+动词原形 be(was,were) about to+动词原形be(was,were)to+动词原形肯定句:主语 +be(was, were) going to+动词原形 .否定句:主语 +be(was
4、, were)not going to+动词原形 .疑问句: Be(Was,Were) +主语+going to+动词原形?肯定句:主语 +would (should)+动词原形 .否定句:主语 +would (should)not+动词原形 .疑问句: Would(Should)+主语 +动词原形?He would work for us.(5)现在进行时主语+be+v.ing现在分词形式 (其中 v表示动词 )表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事例如: I am buying a book.第一人称 +am+doing+sth第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的
5、 v-ing 形式) 第三人称 +is+doing+sth例:He is working.(6)过去进行时肯定句:主语 +was/were+doing+其它否定句:主语 +was/were+not+doing+其它I 主语 +was/were./No,一般疑问句及答语: Was/Were+主语 +doing+其它 ;答语: Yes, I 主语+wasnt/werent.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 +was/were+主语 +doing+其它He was working when he was alive.(7)将来进行时主语+will + be +现在分词He will be working fo
6、r us.=He will work for us.(8)过去将来进行时 should(would)+be+现在分词He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.(9)现在完成时基本结构:主语 +have/has+过去分词 (done)1肯定句:主语 +have/has+过去分词 +其他2否定句:主语 +have/has+not+过去分词 +其他3一般疑问句: Have/Has+主语 +过去分词 +其他4特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句( have/has+主语 +过去分词 +其他 He
7、 has worked for us for ten years.Has he worked for us for ten years.(10)过去完成时基本结构:主语 +had+过去分词 (done)1肯定句:主语 +had+过去分词 +其他2否定句:主语 +had+not+过去分词 +其他3一般疑问句: Had+主语+过去分词 +其他肯定回答: Yes 主语+had否定回答: No主语 +hadnt特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句( had+主语 +过去分词 +其他)语法判定 :( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:I had finished reading the novel b
8、y nine oclock last night.( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.(11)将来完成时(shall)will+have+ 动词过去分词 before+将来时间或 by+将来时间 before或 by the time 引导的现在时的从句He will h
9、ave worked for us.=He will work for us.(12)过去将来完成时should / would have done sth.He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.(13)现在完成进行时 基本与现在完成时相同,但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念 have/has been +-ing分 词He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.(1
10、4)过去完成进行时had been +-ing分 词He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.(15)将来完成进行时主语+ shall/will have been doingHe will have been working for us.=He will work for us.翻译为:他最近一直在为我们工作(过去在工作,现在在工作,将来还会工作)(16)过去将来完成进行时should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称w
11、ould have been+现在分词用于其他人称He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.举例:英语中有 12 个主要时态,都来自于三时(过去、现在、将来) 现在以 I listen 为例,举例英语中有 12个主要时态如下所示:般现在时: I listen现在进行时: I am listening过去进行时: I was listening现在完成时: I have listened现在完成进行时: I have been listening一般将来时:I shall l
12、isten 或“”I will listen. ”将来进行时:I shall be listening一般过去时:I listened过去完成时:I had listened过去完成进行时: I had been listening将来完成时: I shall have listened将来完成进行时: I shall have been listening英语中不存在属格 一个普遍的误解是在英语中只存在一个以 “s结”尾表示所属的属格。然而,语言学家 已经表明英语的所有格完全不是一个格,而是一个独立的词并且在书写和发音上都不 是前一个词的一部分,这可以有下面这个句子表明: The King
13、of Spartas wife was called Helen.(斯巴达国王的妻子叫做海伦。)如果 “s是”属格,那么 “妻子”(wife ) 就属于 “斯巴达 ”(Sparta),但是 “s并”不是只表示 “斯巴达 ”(Sparta),而是表示 “斯 巴达国王 ”(King of Sparta)。上面这个例子并不表明英语没有自己的属格;但是它现在已经发展成为另一个形式。 在古英语中, ban的属格形式是 banes。后来在现代英语中,这个发展成为了使用 “s 表示的“bones。”在 18世纪,人们对此的解释是省略号代替了一个属格代词,就像 “ the Kings horse是“ t”he
14、 King his horse的缩写”。但是这个解释是不正确的。人们更相 信是省略号代替了古英语中的 “e。”英语和 “与格在现代英语中,与格不再是英语语法的一部分,它只出现在一些表达用语中。一个很 好的例子是单词 methinks(据我看来)。它来源于古英语的与格形式变化: me(与 格的人称代词) +thinks(to seem,与动词词组 to think 很接近的一个词组)。 与格 在英语中可以不要前置词,例如在 “He built me a snowman中. 一”样。在这个例子中, “me”是与格。英语中不可把被动语态作为一种时态在部分英语教材中,由于编者自身对被动语态的理解或其他原因,错误的将被动语态 当成一种时态,但其实,被动语态是一种语态,不可能当作时态。在英国,这是一个 常识。因此,在英国,如果有人犯了这种错误,简直是贻笑大方。
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