小升初英语语法复习.docx

1、小升初英语语法复习名 词表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”：a一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音：清辅音后读s，浊辅音和元音后读z。b以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：iz。c以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i

2、, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：z。d以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；读音：z。e以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）有生命的+es 读音：z 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) 无生命的+s 读音：z 如：photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-

3、policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice判断步骤： 如是am、is或was原形读句子读该单词认识该单词理解意思看be动词 如是are或we

4、re加s或es练一练：1、写出下列各词的复数。 I _ him _ this _ her _watch _mango_child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ engineer_ peach_sandwich _ man_ woman_ leaf_ people_2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。（1）Are there two ( box ) on the table?（2）I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.（3）How ma

5、ny ( day ) are there in a week?（4）Herere five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you.（5）This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.二、冠 词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如： an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour2、定冠词：

6、the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法： （1）用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new. （2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please. （3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful. （4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球 （5）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall长城 （

7、6）用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：the Changjiang River长江 （7）此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class 确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。练一练：1、用a或an填空。_ “U” _ ice-cream _goalkeeper_ teapot _apple_ English book_ umbrella _ unit_ hour _ office2、根据需要，填写冠词a，an或the。（1）Wh

8、o is_girl behind_tree?（2）_old man has two children,_ son and_daughter.（3）This is_ orange._ orange is Lucys.（4）He likes playing_guitar. We have_same hobby.（5）We all had _ good time last Sunday.（6）She wants to be _ doctor.数 词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一定要有“the”。1、

9、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如：101 a/one hundred and one3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。如：两碗米饭 two bowls of rice5、序数词一般加“th”，特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fort

10、ieth “第几十几”：前面整十不变，后面“几”改为序数词。如：88 eighty-eighth练一练：1、请翻译下列短语。 （1）60名学生 （2）15本英语书（3）九杯凉水 （4）4个孩子（5）12月31 （6）6月2日（7）第九周 （8）40年前（9）11+7 （10）上学第一天 2、把下列基数词改成序数词。one- two- three- nine- fourteen- twenty- thirty-five- eighty-one-四、代 词代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除

11、外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如： This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格名词性形容词性第一人称单数复数第二人称单数复数第三人称单数复数练一练：I、按要求写出相应人称代词。I（宾格）_ she（形容词性物主代词）_we（名词性物主代词）_ he（复数）_ us（单数）

12、_theirs（主格）_ its（宾格）_ II、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour ar

13、e _? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )7. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they )11. Shall _ have a look at that cla

14、ssroom?That is _ classroom. (we)12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she )13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he )14. Where are _?I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. (they)15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger! 16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she )17. _ dont know her

15、 name. Would you please tell _. ( we )18. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they )19. I have a lovely brother._ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he )20. May I sit beside _? ( you )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ) 22.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )五、形容词、副词1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一

16、动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较级、最高级。比较级：+er 最高级：the +est两个重要特征：asas中间一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下：（1）一般直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r。如：late - later（2）重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如：big - bigger, fat - fatter（3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er。如：heavy - heavier, early - earlier（4

17、）双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如：beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting（5）有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如：good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, far farther/further, old older/elder练一练：I 写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。big good long tall old short thin heav

18、y young fat light strong high far low early late well fast slow II 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1) I can swim as_ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.2) Look! His hands are_ ( big ) than mine.3) I think you do these things_ ( well ) than your classmates.4) Whose bag is_ ( heavy ), yours or mine?5) Does Jim run as_（slo

19、w ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_ ( slow ) than them.6) You have seven books, but I have_ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.7) I jump_ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.8) Im very_ ( thin ), but shes_ ( thin ) than me.9) It gets_and_ ( warm ) when spring comes here.10) My brother is two years _

20、 (old)than me.11) Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.12) Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes, she is.13) Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.14) Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is.15) Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys.16) Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 17) _ Nancy

21、sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 18) Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 19)My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 20)Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 21)Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom? 22)_the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_.23)Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow

22、).24)The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.III翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。_ is _than Jim？ _ are2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan._ _ than David? Gao Shan _.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is _,_or_？_is, I think.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _,your _ or your _?My _ _.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_ _as _as your

23、 uncle?Yes,I am.6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。_ _ as _ as_ twin _? No, _ _ than him.8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day. 9.我跳得和Mike一样远。 I _ as _ as Mike. 10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。 _ Tom _ _ than you? No, he _. He_ as_ as_.11.多做运动，你会更强壮。 _

24、 more exercise,youll _ _ soon. 12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。 I _ _ at Science. But I dont _ well in Chinese. 13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。_you _ the kite _ than Wang Bing? No, I _ it _than_.14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like _. All my_ _ _than me.15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My_ _ up _than me.16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。_the girls_ _ _the boys? Yes

25、,they _.17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。She doesnt _ _ in PE. But I dont _ _than_.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。_ you _ football _than your classmates? No, they _ as _ as me.19我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_ _ _than my _.20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。_sweater_ as _ as _.21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。My dress_ too_. I want to _ a _ one.22. Im taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较) Im _ as _ as Mike .六、介 词1、一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, fromto, at the back o