采矿工程专业英语部分重要文章翻译.docx

1、采矿工程专业英语部分重要文章翻译 P1 二、复合难句： 1、Mining may well have been the second of humankinds earliest endeavors-granted that agriculture was the first. The two industries ranked together as the primary or basic industries of early civilization 如果说农业是人类最早的产业（文明）的话，那么采矿就理所当然地排在第二。这两种产业作为人类早期文明最原始或最基本的产业联系在了一起。2、

2、If we consider fishing and lumbering as part of agriculture and oil and gas production as part of mining , then agriculture and mining continue to supply all the basic resources used by modern civilization 如果我们把捕鱼业和伐木业作为农业的一部分，而石油和天然气产业作为采矿的一部分，那么农业和采矿业至今仍是现代文明所使用的基础资源的支柱3、Here the term mining is us

3、ed in its broadest context as encompassing the extraction of any naturally occurring mineral substances-solid , liquid , and gas-from the earth or other heavenly bodies for utilitarian purposes.这里所说的采矿是指广义上的，因为它包括为实利目的而从地球或其他天体岩石中获取任何天然形成的固态、液态和气态矿物的开采 4、Mine：An excavation made in the earth to extra

4、ct minerals 采矿：为了开采矿物而在地球上进行的一种挖掘 5、Mining: the activity , occupation , and industry concerned with the extraction of minerals 采矿业：一种与开采矿物有关的活动、职业和产业 6、Mining engineering: the practice of applying engineering principles to the development , planning , operation , closure and reclamation of mines. 采矿

5、工程：运用工程原理生产、规划、运作和关闭（充填）以及对矿山再利用（复垦）的一种实践7、Mineral：A naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having an orderly internal structure and a characteristic chemical composition , crystal form , and physical properties.矿物：一种天然形成的无机元素或化合物（无机物） ，它有着有序的内部构造、特有的化学成分、结晶形式和物理性质。8、Rock：Any naturally fo

6、rmed aggregate of one or more types of mineral particles岩石：任何天然形成的、由一种或多种矿物颗粒组成的集合体9、Metallic ores：Those ores of the ferrous metals (iron , manganese ,molybdenum and tungsten) , the base metals (copper , lead and tin) , the precious metals (gold , silver, the platinum group metals) and the radioacti

7、ve minerals( uranium , thorium and radium) .金属矿：包括黑色金属（铁、锰、钼、钨），基础金属（铜、铅、锡),贵重金属（金、银、铂金类金属）和放射性金属（铀、钍、镭）10、Nonmetallic minerals：(also known as industrial minerals) The nonfuel mineral ores that are not associated with the production of metals. These include phosphate ,potash , halite , trona ,sand ,

8、 gravel , limestone , sulfur , and many others.非金属矿物：（也被称为工业矿物）与金属产品无关的非燃料矿物 。它包括磷酸盐、碳酸钾、岩盐、天然碱、砂、砾、石灰岩、硫磺和一些其他的矿石11、Fossil fuels：(also known as mineral fuels) The organic mineral substances that can be utilized as fuels , such as coal , petroleum , natural gas , coal-bed methane mi:ein （甲烷、沼气） ,gil

9、sonite and tar sands.化石燃料：（也称作矿物燃料）能够被用作燃料 的有机矿物质，比如煤、石油、天然气、煤层气 硬沥青和沥青砂12、These fields of boreholes are also called mines ,as they are the means to mine a mineral deposit ,even if no one enters into the geologic realm of the deposit 这些有钻孔的领域同样被划归采矿，因为钻孔意味着开采矿床，即使没有人进入这个矿床的地质区域13、Notethatwhentheecon

10、omicprofitabilityofamineraldiposithasbeenestablishedwithsomeconfidence,oreororedepositispreferredasthedescriptivetermforthemineraloccurrence. 注意：当因有些把握而确立了矿床的经济收益时，矿石或矿床就成为矿物出现的首选描述性术语。 14、If the excavation used for mining is entirely open or operated from the surface , it is termed a surface mine.

11、If the excavation consists of openings for human entry below the earths surface , it is called an underground mine.如果矿山挖掘是完全露天的或是从地表开始剥离岩石的，那么这种开采方式称为露天开采；如果挖掘只有方便人们进出地下的开口，则称这种方式为地下开采露天采矿简介 P21 1、In open pit mining, a mechanical extraction method, a thick deposit is generally mined in benches or st

12、eps, although thin deposits may require only a single bench or face. 在露天采矿（一种机械开采法）中，一个厚的矿床通常都是按平台或台阶进行开采的，尽管薄的矿床可能只需要一个简单的平台或工作面。 2、Hydraulicking utilizes a high-pressure stream of water that is directed against the mineral deposit (normally but not always a placer) , undercutting it , and causing

13、its removal by the erosive actions of the water. 水力开采利用一根高压水柱直接冲击矿床（通常不总是砂矿），由于水的侵蚀作用慢慢切割，进而引起移动剥落 3、Dredging performed from floating vessels, accomplishes the extraction of the minerals mechanically or hydraulically. 从漂浮的船上“挖泥”，实现机械或水力的矿物开采。 4、Solution mining includes both borehole mining, such as

14、the methods used to extract sodium chloride or sulfur, and leaching, either through drill-holes or in dumps or heaps on the surface. 溶浸采矿包括井眼采矿（比如开采盐和硫磺的方法）和浸滤采矿，或者通过钻孔或者通过倾倒或地面堆浸的方法实现浸滤开采。 5、An open pit mine is an excavation or cut made at the surface of the ground for the purpose of（为了目的） extracti

15、ng ore and which is open to the surface for the duration of the mines life. 露天开采 是为了开采矿石而在地表进行的一种挖掘或切割，它在采矿的整个过程中都是露天开放的 6、The selection of physical design parameters and the scheduling of the ore and waste extraction program are complex engineering decisions of enormous economic significance. 物理设计参

16、数的选择和矿石及废矿开采工作的进度计划是具有巨大经济意义的复杂工程抉择 7、Among these are increasing production, a shift in emphasis from underground to surface mining , a decline in ore grade and quality of some crude materials , and , with few exceptions , an increase in productivity of labor 在这些因素中，属于产量增加的因素是：开采重心由地下开采向露天开采的转变，一些原矿

17、矿石在等级和质量方面的下降，以及，少有例外的员工生产力的提高 8、Paradoxically , productivity has increased even with declining grade and quality ,which is indicative of the rapid technological improvement taking place in open pit mining techniques 相矛盾的是，甚至在矿石等级和质量下降的情况下生产力一直在提高。这预示着露天采矿技术的改进是显著的。 9、This pattern of change has perm

18、itted production from many formerly uneconomic mineral resources occurring near the surface at a time when higher-grade ores are inadequate to meet increasing demand 这样的技术革新允许人们在高品位矿石产量不能满足人们日益增长的矿产品需求时开采原来认为不经济的近地表的矿藏。 10、The conclusions , although valid ，are sometimes outweighed by a new set of fa

19、ctors that arise from differences in the physical character of mineral deposits available for future exploitation and from changes in technology , markets , and public policy 总之，露天采矿虽然是很有效的，但有时也会因为一些新产生的因素而被否定掉。这些因素是：用于以后开采的矿床在物理特性方面的差异和开采技术、市场以及国家政策的变化。 11、The most economic final pit design often d

20、epends on factors that are largely outside the mining engineers control , such as the geometric outline of the ore body , the distribution of ore within the ore body , topography ,slope angles , etc. 最经济实惠的最终开采方案通常取决于采矿工程师所远远不能掌控的因素 ，比如矿体的几何形状、矿石在矿体内的分布情况 ，地形（或地志资料）、边坡角等等 12、A bench may be defined a

21、s a ledge that forms a single level of operation above which mineral or waste materials are mined back to a bench face 工作平台可以这样定义：能够为矿石或废石回采到平台工作面而形成一个单独的作业水平的“壁架”（是指为矿石和废石回采到它上面的一个单独的作业水平的狭长突出部分- “壁架” ）。 13、The bench slope is the angle , measured in degrees , between the horizontal (hrizntl ) and a

22、n imaginary line joining the bench toe and crest 台阶坡面角 （平台坡度）是用度数计量的角度，是平台坡顶与坡底间假想的一条连线和水平线之间的夹角。 14、Pit limits are the vertical and lateral e16、A spiral system is an arrangement（布置） whereby（凭，靠） the haul road is arranged spirally（成螺旋形地） along the perimeter walls（围墙，坑壁） of the pit so that the gradie

23、nt（坡度） of the road is more or less uniform（相同） from the top to the bottom of the pit螺旋系统是一种使运输道路凭借它沿着坑壁呈螺旋状（上升或下降）的设计系统，这样使得运输道路的坡度从底部到顶部几乎不变。 17、A zigzag system is an arrangement in which the road surmountss:maunt （克服） the steep grade（陡坡） of a pit wall by zigzagging , generally on the footwall（底帮）

24、side of the pit. 之字形系统 （或回返式系统）是一种使运输道路呈之字形从而克服台阶坡度的设计系统，它通常是布置在矿坑的底帮上 18、The grade may be defined as the inclination（斜坡） of the road in terms of（依据） degrees from the horizontal or percentage of rise to the horizontal 运输道路的坡度可以定义为：道路从水平面上上升的度数或上升到水平面的百分比19、The angle of repose or angle of rest is the

25、 maximum slope（最大坡度） at which a heap of （许多）loose material will stand without sliding 静止角（或休止角、安息角）是指大量松散物质能够保持稳定而不滑落的最大坡度角（松散物锥面长边的坡面线与水平线间的夹角）。 20、The sub-outcrop（隐伏露头） depth represents（代表） the depth of waste that has to be removed before any ore is exposed（暴露）. This waste is often referred to as

26、preproduction stripping （前期剥离） 隐伏露头的深度代表着开采到矿石之前需要剥离的废料的深度。这种废石的剥离通常被称为前期剥离xtent to which the open pit mining may be economically conducted 矿坑境界是指露天采矿中可以经济地开采的纵向和横向的限度。 15、The overall pit slope angle is the angle at which the wall of an open pit stands ，as measured between the horizontal and an imag

27、inary line joining the top bench crest with the bottom bench toe. 露天矿的最终边坡角是露天矿边帮的角度，它是在水平线与连接最上一个平台的顶部和最下一个平台的底部的虚拟连线之间测量的。 3.1 Open Pit Mining Design P34露天采矿设计二、复合难句1、Exploration一-Drill and sample the mineralised and potentially mineralised（成矿的、矿化的） areas utilizing RC or Diamond Core methods勘探是一种利

28、用反循环钻或金刚石岩心钻，对矿化带和潜在矿化带钻孔并取样的方法 2、There is a minimum mining width for most gear , such as the bucket of a 100t excavator is liable to be around 2m or more wide.对于大部分设备来说都有一个最小开采宽度，比如100t的挖掘机铲斗的最小开采宽度就可能是2m左右或更宽一点。 3、Painting or using tape to define the various material types that need to be dumped i

29、n discrete locations. （他们）绘制（示意图）或使用卷尺来确定需要单独处置的各种矿物材料形态。 4、The role of the spotter is to ensure that the ore is dug in the correct manner and truck drivers realise that they are carrying ore or waste. 监矿人员的作用就是保证以正确的方式开采矿石，并确保让卡车司机知道他们拉的是矿石还是废料。 5、Optimal pits may vary according to the owners requi

30、rements , ie a certain production rate is required , a certain life span（服务年限） is required , specific grades are required or more commonly certain costs are required最佳矿坑也会根据矿主的要求而有所调整，这些要求就是：对一定的生产率、一定的开采服务年限、特殊的矿石品位或是更常见的某些费用（成本）等等的要求。 6、Often mines are formed as a series in intermeshed cutbacks 通常

31、矿山是因一系列密切配合的削减而完成的。 7、le a small pit is started that targets high grade ore close to the surface , this gets ore to the mill quickly and starts bringing in revenue 就是从一个小的露天矿坑开始，目标是近地表的富矿，这样很快就获得矿石运到选矿厂进行破碎、加工、分选等，因而矿山很快开始获得收益。 8、While the first pit is being mined , cutbacks are started usually on t

32、he walls of the first pit. 当人们还在第一个矿坑开采的时候，就又从第一个矿坑的坑壁上开始削减（挖出入沟和开段沟降到第二个工作平台上进行开采）。 9、These increase the size of the pit until the final optimal pit is formed and the mine is complete. 这些做法不断扩大矿坑的尺寸直到最终形成最佳矿坑因而矿山开采完毕。 10、Reblock（重组块） to coarser（粗糙的） resolution（分辩率）. Allows faster processing with minimal impact on accuracy. 粗分辨率的重组块，允许随着最小的精度影响而快速处理（随着在精度上的最小影响而快速处理）11、Assess raw data to decide what mining m