考研英语一真题及答案.docx

1、考研英语一真题及答案2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I? Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes.

2、 That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were us

3、ed in both 5 . While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.”The study 9 found that the genes for smell were s

4、omething shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing geneticall

5、y similar friends 13 “functional kinship” of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a ma

6、jor 17 factor.The findings do not simply explain peoples 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population

7、. The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.1. A what B why C how D when2. A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised3. A for B with C by D on4. A separated B sought C compared D connected5. A tests B objects C samples D examples6. A insignificant B unexpected C unreliable D

8、incredible7. A visit B miss C know D seek8. A surpass B influence C favor D resemble9. A again B also C instead D thus10. A Meanwhile B Furthermore C Likewise D Perhaps11. A about B to C from D like12. A limit B observe C confuse D drive13. A according to B rather than C regardless of D along with14

9、. A chances B responses C benefits D missions15. A faster B slower C later D earlier16. A forecast B remember C express D understand17. A unpredictable B contributory C controllable D disruptive18. A tendency B decision C arrangement D endeavor19. A political B religious C ethnic D economic20. A see

10、 B show C prove D tellSection Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings dont abdicate, they die in their sle

11、ep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with th

12、eir magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is t

13、his apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of states. And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the

14、 Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very historyand sometimes the way

15、 they behave todayembodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of m

16、odern democratic states. The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes i

17、t increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to strive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinar

18、y (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a serviceas non-controversial and non-political heads o

19、f state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain _.A used to enjoy high public supportB was unpopular among European royalsC eased his relationship with

20、 his rivalsD ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly _.A owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC to give voters more public figures to look up toD due to their everlasting political embodime

21、nt23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?A Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth.B The role of the nobility in modern democracies.C The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.D The nobilitys adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals “ha

22、ve most to fear” because Charles _.A takes a tough line on political issuesB fails to change his lifestyle as advisedC takes republicans as his potential alliesD fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB C

23、harles, Anxious to Succeed to the ThroneC Carlos, a Lesson for All European MonarchsD Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without

24、a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state ar

25、gues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and

26、 defendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phonea vast storehouse of digital informationis similar to, say, rifling through a suspects purse. The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the w

27、allet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestees reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing

28、,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and prot

29、ected by the Constitutions prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesnt ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate F

30、ourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedo

31、m.But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: Th