定语从句附练习与答案详解.docx

1、定语从句附练习与答案详解定语从句详解定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1.代替先行词。2.引导定语从句。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。I met someone who said he knew you.我碰见一个人，他说他认识你

2、。（who代表someone,又引导从句修饰它，同时又在主句中担任主语）The dog which was lost has been found.丢失的狗找着了。（which代表dog,又引导定语从句修饰它，又在从句中担当主语）The noise that he made woke everybody up.他弄出的声音把大家都吵醒了。（that代表noise,又引导定语从句修饰它，又在从句中担任made的宾语）The car which(that) I hired broke down.（ ）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句：大多数定语从句对所修饰的词的意思加以限

3、制，表示“的人（或东西）”，这种从句成为限定性定语从句。这种从句限制所修饰词的意思，如果把它拿掉，句子意思即不清楚，甚至失去意义，例如：I knew the reason why he was so angry. 我知道了他为什么那么生气的原因。（若把从句why he was so angry去掉，句子意思则不清楚。）Madame Curie was a woman we admired.居里夫人是我们崇拜的女性。（若把从句we admired去掉，句子就失去意义。）非限定性定语从句：另一种定语从句和主句关系不太紧密，对修饰词的意思没有限定作用，把它拿掉对句子基本上没有影响，句子依然完整。它可

4、以说是一个附加上去的成分，通常用逗号把它和句子其他部分分开，译成汉语时常可译成并列句。这种句子只能由who（m）,whose或which引导：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My dog, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites judges at dog shows.我那条狗脾气捉摸不定，参加狗展时常咬裁判。This novel, which I have read three times, is very tou

5、ching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 限定性定语从句一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）11. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。eg：This is the book （which）you want. 限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况当先行词是anything, everything, nothing, few, all, none, little, some等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, fe

6、w, much，each等修饰时Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? All that can be done has been doneThere seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who 如：Any man that/who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. 当先行词被序数

7、词修饰 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have seen. 当形容词被the very, the only，the same,the last 修饰时This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy, After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶

8、尔也可以用who 如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?2.who指人在从句中做主语The boys who are

9、playing football are from Class One.Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，可以通用。）Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中

10、常用who代替，可省略。如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略Football is a game which is liked by most boys.This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语He has a friend whos

11、e father is a doctor.I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.二、关系副词（在句中作状语）1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语I still remember the day when I first came to the schoo

12、l.The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语Shanghai is the city where I was born.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可

13、以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.三、“介词+关系词”的用法why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on/ . whi

14、ch (介词同先行词搭配)when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配)1、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或 whom。如：The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.Tomorrow I will bri

15、ng here a magazine for which you asked.Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.2、关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。如：when=in/on

16、/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which如：I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born.This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.I dont know the reason why (for which) he hasnt come today.Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianj

17、in. 注意：1). 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look forward to,look for, look after, take care of等如：This is the watch which/that I am looking for. () This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2). 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose如：The man with whom you talked is my friend. ()

18、The man with who/that you talked is my friend. (F) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. () The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3).“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词如：He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are ver

19、y kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some ofwhich have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4). 把握“介词关系代词”结构中介词的选用介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。如：That”s the reason for which he was late for school. This is the book on which I spent 8 Yua

20、n.介词选择的三大规则：1. 取决于从句中的谓语动词同介词的搭配。（V+ pre.）如：He is the man whom I talked with this morning.2. 取决于先行词同介词的常规搭配。四组常考的搭配：1）extent degree （程度）同 to 搭配 2）price(具体多少钱时与at; 若指价格方面与in 搭配) speed rate 同at搭配 3）field area aspect sphere （领域，方面）同 in 搭配 例句：The field in which I studied in university is psychology. 4)

21、basis ground foundation （基础）同on 搭配四、判断关系代词与关系副词准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。判断改错（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.（对） Ill never forget

22、 the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。例. This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案： A 句中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的

23、成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我

24、的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。2.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liq

25、uid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。他经常撒谎，这让他老师很生气。（翻译） 昨晚我们不得不穿着湿衣服睡，这很不舒服。（翻译） 3.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which,whose代表事物.；4.有时as也可以做关系代词。（3）as的用法 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。As we know, smok

26、ing is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.1)as用于限制性定语从句suchas；the sameas；We have such grapes as you never saw.我们有你 从未讲过的葡萄。I have got into the same trouble as he （has）. 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。 2)as用于非限制性定语从句。代表所修饰的句子，作用相当于which，但比which多一层“正如”的意思。 e.g.She is very caref

27、ul, as (= which) her work shows.It is like a snake, as (= which) anybody can see. 但要注意，当as从句置于句首时，as不能由which取代。e.g. As he had hoped, he saw the play. 3)as的习惯用语as we all know 众所周知as is well-known 众所周知as has been said before 如上所述as we had expected 正如人们所预料的那样as anybody can see 正如人人都看到的那样as often happen

28、s 正如经常发生的那样As we all know, smoking is harmful to our health. 众所周知，吸烟危害健康。As we had expected，he performed the task with success. 正如我们所料，他成功地完成了任务。The tree is like a giant, as anybody can see. 如大家都能见到的那样，这颗树像个巨人。在表示方式的“the way”之后的定语从句有三种引导方式I dont like the way you answered my question.I dont like the

29、way that you answered my question.I dont like the way in which you answered my question.课堂练习：1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last mo

30、nth.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _well visit next we

31、ek is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. th