英语语法时态.ppt

1、Tense,No pains,no gains!没有付出，就没有收获！,时态（Tense）,时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式,即相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种,一、一般现在时,形式：一、二人称用动词原形，三人称需要在动词后加-s用法：1.表示现在所处的状态。e.g.Everyone is in high spirit.2.经常性、习惯性动作。e.g.He always helps others.3.客观事实和普遍真理。e.g.Light travels more quickly than sound.The earth moves around th

2、e sun.,4.与某些具有“出发、到达”等含义的动词连用，表示按计划将要发生的动作。常用的这些词包括：arrive,be,begin,go,leave,start,stay等。e.g.The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon.How often does this shuttle bus run?5.在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在时表示将来。e.g.If it is fine tomorrow,we will go on a picnic.When you come next time,bring me some magazine

3、s.6.用在报刊的新闻标题中e.g.Peace Talks Fail.Wildlife Flourishes in Jilin Reserves.,二、现在进行时,意义：表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事形式：be+现在分词用法：1.表示说话时，或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况。e.g.They are making an experiment now.Professor Wang is attending a conference.2.表示一个按计划即将发生的动作。但仅适用于少量动词:go,come,leave,arrive等。e.g.He is coming here next week.

4、,1.不用于进行时态的动词 表示感觉、情感、心理状态、所有关系以及特征等状态动词一般不可用于进行时。e.g.agree,belong,have,love,remember,want,appear,see,hear,notice,seem,be,feel,know,mind,think,believe,forget,like,realize,wish2.being+动态形容词，可表示某一相对短暂时刻人们的活动和行为。e.g.Im just being curious.3.习惯进行时：现在进行时有时可与always,constantly,forever等词连用，含有感情色彩，常常用于表示某种令人不

5、悦的情况。e.g.You are always finding fault with me.John is forever losing things.,注,三、一般将来时,意义：表示将要发生的事情。这种时态通常跟有一个表示将来的时间状语，如soon,next week,tomorrow等。形式：shall/will+V用法：1.用在“I thinkwill”这类句型中 e.g.I think you will success.I suppose theyll buy the house.2.提出请求 e.g.Will you buy me some sweets?3.做出允诺 e.g.Ill

6、 be right here waiting for you.I wont tell anybody what you said.4.表示同意 e.g.will you marry him?Yes,I will.,一些表示将来时间的其他形式1.be going to do 表示最近打算要做的事情 e.g.What are you going to do this evening?2.be to do表示按计划要发生的事情 e.g.We are to meet at the school gate.3.be about to do 表示“即将（正要）做某事”e.g.Autumn harvest

7、is about to start.4.一般现在时表示按计划要发生的事情 e.g.The plane takes off in ten minutes.They have no classes tomorrow.5.现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作 e.g.My brother is having a party tomorrow.Im leaving.6.be due to“定于”e.g.Mary is due to leave at two oclock.,四、将来进行时,意义：表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间将正在进行的动作。形式：shall/will+be+现在分词用法：1.表示将

8、来某一时刻或某一段时间将正在进行的动作。e.g.What will you be doing this time tomorrow?We will be having a class from 3 to 4 this afternoon.2.有时也可表示预料不久就要发生或者势必发生的动作。e.g.I believe hell be coming soon.I will be seeing a friend off this afternoon.,五、六、将来完成时和将来完成进行时,将来完成时表示某时某动作已经完成或者某事情已经发生 e.g.By the end of the year Ill

9、have saved$1,000.将来完成进行时表示在将来某时某个动作已进行一段时间。e.g.By the end of the year hell have been teaching for ten years.,七、一般过去时,定义：表示过去某时间的动作或状态。时间状语：then,at that time,just now,three days ago等。形式：规则动词在动词原形后加-d或-ed；不规则动词需要记忆。e.g.The children went out just now.She died ten years ago.,八、过去进行时,定义：表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行。形

10、式：was/were+现在分词 e.g.What were you doing at 8 oclock last night?一般过去时和过去进行时的区别（p.200201）,一、形式1.现在完成时的基本句式：“have（has）过去分词”。e.g.I have seen that film我已经看过那部影片了。We have just finished our homework 我们刚刚做完家庭 作业。She has gone home她回家去了。2.现在完成时的一般疑问句式：把助动词have或has提到主语前。e.g.Have you read this story book yet？你读

11、过这本故事书吗？3.现在完成时的否定句式：“have（has）not+过去分词”。e.g.We havent studied Unit 2 yet 我们还没学习第二单元。The train hasnt stopped yet 火车还没有停下来。,九、现在完成时,二、现在完成时的标志性词：时间状语：before，lately，recently,till now，so far，in the past few years/months/weeks/days，over the past few years，during the last three months，for the last few ce

12、nturies(for+时间段),since+时间点（短语/从句）常与现在完成时连用的几个重要副词：already，just，yet，ever，never,etc.already多用于肯定句中或末尾 just用在肯定句中 ever多用于疑问句中 yet用在否定句和一般疑问句末 never用在肯定句中表否定,三、用法：1.表示过去发生的但对现在有影响的动作。常和just,already,yet,never,before,recently,ever,once等时间状语连用。e.g.I have been to Beijing many times.They have already publish

13、ed the results of their experiments.,2.表示在过去某时间开始一直延续到现在（可能还要继续下去）的动作。常用于含有延续意义的动词，并且一般要跟一个表示一段时间的状语，如since,for two years,so far,in recent years.e.g.He has lived here since 1949.I have studied English for 13 years.,3.在“It is the first/second/third time that”句型里要求用完成时。e.g.It is the first time that I

14、have visited the city.这是我第一次参观这座城市.It is the third time that the boy has been late.这是这个男生第三次迟到了4.句型“It is/has beensince”结构也常用现在完成时。e.g.It has been 5 years since we last met.自从上一次我们相遇到现在已经是五年了。Its/It has been 3 months since the man died.那人死去3个月了。,5.This is the.that.结构，that 从句要用现在完成时 e.g.This is the b

15、est film that I ve(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the first time that Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。6.在“no sooner than 一就、hardly/scarcely when、before、prior to等句型中，主句要求完成时。e.g.Hardly have I get home when the telephone rings.我一到家电话铃就响了。I havent met that professor prior to today.以前我从未见过那位教授。,区别：has/have

16、 been to;has/have been in;has/have gone to have been in 表示“去了某地并正在某地”，后接for/since时间状语have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称。e.g.They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。He has been in Beijing for two weeks.,延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用。（1）延续性动词：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep等，这些动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。e.g.Uncle Wang has worked in this factory for ten years 王伯伯在这家工厂工作十年了。（2）非延续性动词：come，go，arrive，