英语选修8外研Module1课件PPT福建福州整合设计4.docx

1、英语选修8外研Module1课件PPT福建福州整合设计4代词We often speak English in class.数词One third of the students in this class are girls.不定式To swim in the Lijiang River is a great pleasure.动名词Smoking does harm to the health.名词化的 形容词The rich are not always happy.主语从句When we are going to have an English test has not been de

2、cided yet.it作形式主 语It is necessary to master a foreign language介词短语 作主语From Shanghai to Nanjing is about 300 kilometers.(1)语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单 数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。Theyoften pl町 football on the playground.他们经常在操场主谓一致上踢足球。(2)因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数,表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。My familya

3、re having lunch now我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book这本书20美元太贵了。(3)就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形 式，取决于最靠近它的主语。Not only the teacher but also his students like playing 主谓 football.一致不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 Il I I I I 1 IThere is a pen and some books on the desk课桌上有 一支钢笔和一些书注意 事 h（1）动词不定

4、式、动名词，或者主语从句作主语时，谓 语动词一般用单数形式。To say something is usually easier than to do something. 说一些事往往要比做一些事容易。Whether he will come is still unknown.他是否会来还不 知道。注意：当若干个动词不定式、动名词或主语从句被 and连接起来当主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。What he says and what he does dont agree.他言行不一 致。注 意 事 项由wh址引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但 所指的具体内容若是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用

5、复 数形式。What we need is more time.我们需要的是更 多的时间。(2)“就近一致”原则。当一个句子有两个主语，这两个主语又是由“notueither.or.9only.but also,来时，谓语动词和离它最近的主语保持一致。Not only he but also I am good at English.我们俩英语 都不错。neither.nor连接起(3)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时 间、书名等复数名词时，常作为一个整体来看，谓语 动词用单数。25, 000 miles is a long distance.两万五千里是很长的 一段路程。(4)由a

6、nd连接的两个并列主语谓语动词一般用复数。Plastics and rubber never rot塑料与橡胶永远不会腐烂。注 意 事 项注意：当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有every, each, no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。In our country, every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家，男孩女孩都有受教育权。Each man and each woman in this office is asked to attend the party办公室里的人无论男女都被邀请出席 晚会。注 意

7、事 项(5)the +形容词可表示一类人或一类事物。其谓语动词 有所差异。若表一类人作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数 形式。若表一类事物作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形 式。The beautiful is loved by all.人人都爱美。如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有“with”， together, uas well as, uas much as no less than, along with, with, like, arather thnn, together with, but, except， besides, “including, in addition to等词时，谓语动词

8、通常用 单数形式。注 意 事 项The teacher as well as the students is looking forward to the summer holiday.老师与学生们都在盼望着暑假。 The factory, including its machines, was burnt last night昨晚上工厂及里边的机器全被烧掉了。The mother along with her two children goes to the park.母亲 与她的俩孩子要去公园。 ； 1The mother along with her two children goes

9、to the park. 母亲与她的俩孩子要去公园。 ； ；(7)“someof.“，“most of., “half of”，“all of.”， “the rest of.”等表达形式岀现在主语时，谓语的单复 数由of后面的名词来决定。All of us are very tired我们大家都累 了。All of the water has been drunk.所有的水都被喝了。注 意 事 项如果主语由more than one或many a. 构成，尽管意义上是表复数内容，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。More than one book has been sold.已出售的书不止一本。(9

10、)what, who, which, any, more, most, all等代词可 以是单数也可以是复数，主要靠句意来决定。All that can be done has been done该做的都做了。All are present except Tom除汤姆之外，所有人都来了。(10)注意区分the number of.与a number of. 这两个作主语用的词组的意义不同，其谓语动词 的单复数也不同。请同学们仔细比较以下例子:注 意 事 项The number of the students is decreasing.学生数 量在下降。A number of students

11、 came to look for you today.(11)今天不少学生来找过你。形复意单的名词作主语时只用单数谓语的名 词有news, maths, physics, politics works (I 厂)，economics等。Physics is a fairly difficult subjec仁物理是一门相当难的 学科。 I I RDPolitics doesnt interest me.政治没有引起我的兴趣。注（12）某些集体名词，如family, team, class, group等 意词作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单 事 数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，

12、谓语动词用复 项数形式。The whole team are going to take part in the OlympicGames.全队将参加奥林匹克运动会。(13)某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle, militia等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。注 意 事 项The police are searching for the escaped criminal警算 正在搜捕逃犯。(14)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主 语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses, clothes,trousers, shoes, compasses, chop

13、sticks, scissors 等。但如果主语用a kind of, a pair of, a series o严等 加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数。The pair of glasses fits you well这副眼镜很适合你。(15)区分men of this kind与this kind of men这两者当主语时, 前者的谓语动词用复数形式，后者用单数形式。注 意 事 项This kind of men is dangerous.这种男人很危险。Men of this kind are dangerous.这种男人是危险的。(16)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语

14、一 致。On the wall hangs a picture.墙上挂着一幅画。(17)并列主语如果指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。这时and后面的名词没有冠词。Truthand honesty is the best policy.真诚是最好的策略。(18)在“one of +复数名词+who/that/which引导的从句结 构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名 词而不是one,因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。This is one of the most interesting stories that have been注意：当

15、one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行 词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。She is the only one of the girls who islate sometimes.她是唯一一个有时迟到的学生。二、动词的分类规则说明及物动 词和 不及物 动词 1不及物动词指的是后面不能 跟宾语的动词。在英语中大 多数动词既可作及物动词， 又可作不及物动词，纯不及 物动词很少。常见的不及物动词有arrive, come, apologize, appear, die, fall, go, run, walk等。I apologized to hei

16、for stepping on he foot.我因为踩了她的脑 而向她道歉。We waited untilMom came.我们一直等直到毎 妈来。r卩IShe proves very honest经证明她很 诚实。连接主语表示主语身份、性质、 状态的动词称为连系动词(linking verbs)I feel very sorry for what Ive done. 就我所做的事我感 到很抱歉。常见的表示状态的连系动词有 be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, feel, keep, stay等情态动词不能表示正在发生或 已经发生的事情，只

17、表示期待 或估计某事的发生。shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare, have to, used to等。情态动词可表 达建议、要求、可能和意愿 等；和其他动词连用，可表示 说话人的语气。I will move to the countryside next year. 明年我要搬到乡下去。Ifm afraid you dare not/darenft do such a thing. 恐怕你不敢做这样的事 情。You ought to make an apology to Joan.你应该向琼道歉。情 态 动 词除个别本身带to的情

18、态动词外，其他情态 动词后面只能接不带 to的不定式。YF斥Yb女1du must finish the project by riday.a五前你必须完成任务。du neednt come if you are usy 1 1 1口果忙，你就不必来了。My son is reading to her sister. 我的儿子正给她的妹妹读书。The story is very instructive.这个故事很有教育意义。助动词be主要构成进行 时态和被动语态。(a)be+现在分词构成进 行时态。(b)be+及物动词的过去 分词构成被动语态。助动词do/does可 般现在时的否定: 式；di

19、d可以构成 时的否定式和疑 动词 do/does/didi 来对谓语动词进;以构成一 式和疑问 一般过去 问式。助 还可以用 行强调。I dont like watching TV.我 不喜欢看电视。I did phone you last night, but no one was in.昨天晚上我的确给你打电话 了，但没人在家。助动词have/has/had能够 构成完成时态。We hadnt walked far when we lost our way.我们没走多远就迷路了。助动词写作兵法，妙笔生花地点介绍【写作内容】请你写一篇文章，描写新兴港口城市日照，内容要求如下:2以蓝色的大海、

20、美丽的海滨而闻名，是避暑胜地;3每年夏天来自全国和世界各地成千上万的游客到这里沿海漫步、游泳、购物、观赏秀丽景色;4近年来，该城市发生了巨大变化，对发展我国对外贸易起到重要作用，并成为国际港口城市。参考词汇：迷人的attractive；别墅villa；东西方风格 的 EasternandW esternstyle【写作要求】1.内容连贯，不逐条翻译；2.卷面清晰，整洁，规范，美观;3.词数：120左右。【写作分析】第一步：认真审题一审体裁：本文要求介绍一个地方，是属于记叙文范地方的地貌特征、风土人情、历史文化等。二审格式：本文不同于书信、演讲稿等问题，没有特 别的格式要求。时态用一般现在时，用

21、第三人称较合适。三审结构：首先总体介绍该地的主要特色，抓住读者的眼球。遵循一定的写作顺序，可以先整体后局部，也可 以按照一定的时间层次或空间层次。描述时可以适当使用 过渡性连接词。第二步：提炼要点1 be famous for2 take place in3 play an important role in4. take on a new look第三步：扩点成句1.It is famous for its blue sea and beautiful beaches.2.Tens of thousands of people from all parts of the country an

22、d all corners of the world come to visit the city every summer.3.Great changes have taken place in Rizhao in recent years.4 It has played an important role in the development of the foreign trade of our country.5 The whole city is now taking on a new look.【品味佳作】The City of RizhaoThe city of Rizhao l

23、ies in the southeast of Shandong Province.lt is famous for its blue sea and beautiful beaches.What impresses tourists most is favorable climate.Rizhao is a wonderful place for summer holidays.Tens of thousands of people from all parts of the country and all corners of the world come to visit the cit

24、y every summer.They walk along the beaches, go swimming in the sea or do some shopping in the stores or the supermarkets.They can see the fine views of the city.Especially attractive are the buildinggroups of the Easter nandW ester ns tylemixed houses and villas.Great changes have taken place in Riz

25、hao in recent years.lt has played an important role in the development of the foreign trade of our country.Ships from all countries come and go every day.lt has become an international port city.The whole city is now taking on a new look.lt is a pearl shining on the coast of Huanghai Sea.【名师点津】1.这是一

26、篇说明文，按照题目要求介绍了海滨新兴城市日照。段落分明，条理性强。文中运用很多短语：liein9 be famous for, take place, play an important role in 等。还运用了高级句式结构，令全文锦上添花。如： What impresses tourists most is favorable climate和 Especially attractive are the building groups of the EasternandWesternstylemixed houses and villas.2.文章运用一般现在时，层次分明。3.亮点句式：

27、What impresses tourists most is favorable climate.Especially attractive are the building groups of the EasternandWesternstylemixed houses and villas.3It has played an important role in the development of the foreign trade of our country.4It is a pearl shining on the coast of Huanghai Sea.【写作模板】The C

28、ity of The city of lies （地理位置）.It isfamous for （出名原 因）.What impresses touristsmost is （地方特色）. is a wonderful place for summer holidays. （介绍 游客）. （介绍娱乐、购物）.They canenjoy （介绍美景） Especially attractiveare （特色建筑或风景）-Great changes have taken place in recent years.lt hasplayed an important role in The whol

29、e city is （介绍经济的发展）.（回归主题，一句话概括当地的特点）.学海导航事半功倍掌握强调旬型“七注意强调句是英语中比较常用的句型之一。正确理解和运用该句型十分重要。笔者认为掌握强调句应注意下面几个 方面。一、注意强调句的各种句式结构1.陈述句式：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他 部分；2.否定句式：It is/was + not +被强调部分+that/who +其他部分；3.一般疑问句式：Is/Was +it+被强调部分+that/who+ 其他部分？4.特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+被强调部分 +其他部分？5.反意疑问句式：It+is/wa

30、s (not) +被强调部分+ that/who+其他部分，isntt/wasn,t (is/was) it?二、注意强调句中可以强调的成分强调句可以强调句子中的主语、宾语、状语等成分，但不 能强调谓语。如对句子I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.中 的主语、宾语、状语进行强调：1 It was I that met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.（强调主语）2 It was Li Ming that I met at the railway stationyesterday.（强调宾

31、语）3 It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.（强调状语）4. It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.（强调状语）但强调谓语可以在动词原形前面加do/does/did ,如:1.I do believe that he is an honest man.2.She does like literature.3 They did go to see you yesterday.三、注意强调句中is或was的使用原句中叙述的是现在或将来发生的事情，用is；原句中叙述的是过去发生的事情，用wa