中考英语代词详解及练习.docx

1、中考英语代词详解及练习 代词： 代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。 第一节 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词1、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they (他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)you (你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them (他们,她们,它们)（1）、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。

2、如： I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) Thats it.(就那么回事)（2）、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：Who teaches you English this year?We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)() (3)、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如： -Who is it?(是谁？) Its I/me.(是我。)（4）、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“youheI”的顺序表达。如：

3、Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) You and me.(你和我)（5)、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：-Whats the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)Its fine.(天气晴好) / -Whats the time?(几点啦？) Its 12：00.(12点) /2、物主

4、代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复 数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性形容词性my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our(我们的)your(你们的)their (他们的,她们的,它们的)名词性mine(我的)Yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)its(她的)ours(我们的)yours(你们的)theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)( 1 )、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如： Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) I oft

5、en go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) (2)、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)(3)、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：A friend of mine came to se

6、e me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)试比较 My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)3、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性myself(我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我们自己)yourselves(你们自己)themselves (他们/她们/它们自

7、己)(1)、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如：Dont play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)4.指示代词： 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。单数复数含义this(这个)these(这些)指较近的人和物that(那个)those(那些)指较远的人和物指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如：Whats this?(这是什么？) /That model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料

8、做的)(被动句) / Remember never to do such things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情) / Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老师说的做)/ -Who is it?(是谁？) -Its me!(是我！)(1). 为避免重复，可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词。如：The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school. (That=the playground)My seat is next to that of the mayo

9、r.（that=mayors seat） 我的座位在市长座位旁边。(2). 用来回指上文提到的事情时，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用 this。如：She is a beautiful girl.Who said that?I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道这一点：她美吗?(3). 在打电话时，通常用 this 指自己，用that指对方：Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂，我是吉姆，你是约翰吗?(4)除用作代词外，this 和that 还可用作副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，意为

10、“这么”、“那么”，相当于 so。如：Ive done only that much. 我所做的就这么多。Is he always this busy? 他总这么忙吗?练习： 一、用适当的人称代词填空：1._ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit_. ( she )2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry._isintheeastofAsia. ( its )3.Whatdayis_today?_isThursday. (its)5.Iownabluebike.Theredoneisnt_. ( I )二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空1.Iateall_sandwi

11、chesyesterday.( I )CanIhaveoneof_? ( you )2.Georgehaslost_ ( his )pen.AskMaryif（是否）shewilllendhim_. ( she )3.JackhasadogandsohaveI._(he)dogand_( I )hadafight (打架).4.Theteacherwantsyoutoreturnthatbookof_( he )5.Mr.andMrs.Greenandafriendof_arecomingtoseeus. ( they )6.WearegoingtoParistostaywithaFrench

12、friendof_. (we )7.Thisisnt_knife._isgreen. ( she )8.Theseareyourbooks Kate.Put_inthedesk，please.(they )9._mustlookafter_things. ( you )10.WeiFang，isthat_ruler?Yes，its.( you )三.从括号内选择正确的代词填空1.Yourfootballclothesareonthedesk.Pleaseput_(they，them，their，theirs)away.2.(We，Us，Our，Ours)_EnglishteacherisMrs

13、.Green.Wealllike_(she，her，hers).3.(I，Me，My，Mine)_cantgetmykite.Couldyouhelp_(I，me，my，mine)?4.Tomcantgetdownfromthetree.Canyouhelp_(he，him，his)?5.Wecantfindourbikes.Canyouhelp_(we，us，our，ours)?6.Theseare_(he，him，his)planes.Thewhiteonesare_(I，me，mine). 反身代词: ( )1.Those girls enjoyed _ in the party las

14、t night. A.them B. they C. themselves D. herself ( )2.Help _ to some fish, children. A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves ( )3.The film _ is very fun. A. its B. itself C. it D. its ( )4 Who teaches _ math? I teach _. A. your, my self B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself ( )5.The father wi

15、ll make _ a bike _. A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she, herself 6. 指示代词：( ) 1 Whos that at the door? _ is the postman. A. She B. This C. It D. He( ) 2 -Whos that in the picture? A. Its me B. Thats I C. This is a boy D. Its I( ) 3 -Look, who is coming? -_ must be our English teach

16、er. A. She B. He C. It D. This( ) 4 Someone is knocking at the door, but who can_ be? A. one B. He C. she D. it5、疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。(1)、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语,但在介词后则只能用whom。如：Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀请了谁参加你的生

17、日聚会的？) What does she want to be when she grows up?(她长大了想干什么？)(2)、who 和whom只能独立使用,其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的宾语.Who is that man?(那男的是谁？) What colour are their hats?(他们的帽子是什么颜色？) Which car was made in Germany?(哪辆车是德国造的？)(被动句) (3)、which除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。如：练习( ) 1 _

18、is the best season of the year? A. When B. What C. Which D. What time( ) 2 -_ is your sister? -She is a nurse. A. What B. Which C. How D. Who( ) 3 -_ colour are your new shoes? -They are brown. A. Any B. Whose C. Which D. What( ) 4 -_ is your classmate John like? -Hes very tall. A. How B. What C. Wh

19、o D. Which( )5. _ has happened and _ did it? A. Who; who B. What; who C. What; what D. Who; what( )6. Who waiting outside? Please ask them to come in. A. is B. has C. have D. are( )7. -_ is that man over there? -Hes Mr Green. A. What B. Which C. How D. Who( )8. -_ is the boy standing there? -He is m

20、y brother. A. Which B. What C. How D. Who( )9. Who _ the little American boy over there? A. were B. are C. is D.1 am( )10. Who_these tall men? A. is B. am C. are D. was6、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。单数含义someanynonone/eacheveryoneeither,neithersothe other,another复合不定代词不可数含义muchlittle,a littleall/复数含义ma

21、nyfew,a fewonesbothothers,the others注：复合不定代词有12个：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). (1)some和 any 的用法：some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如 I have some wor

22、k to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿) some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如： Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？)any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：They didnt have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？)any 用于肯

23、定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)(2)no和none的用法：no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如： There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点) / They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借)none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如：None of them is/are in the classroom

24、.(他们当中没有一个在教室里) / I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的) (3)all和both的用法：all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如： I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识) / -Would you like this one or that o

25、ne? Both.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。)(4)every和each用法：every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前(5)either和neither的用法：either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如：I dont c

26、are much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. -Will you go there by bus or by car? Neither. I will go there by train.(6)other、the other和another的用法：(7)many和much的用法：many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如： I dont have many friends here.(在这里我没有很多的朋友) Many died in the bus

27、accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失) We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多) (8)few、little、a few、a little的用法：(9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,

28、anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。如： Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夹克,这件还是那件？ I dont like the green ones.(我不喜欢绿色的那些)(11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。 I dont think so.(我认为不是这样的。) / He lost a book. So did I.(他丢失了一本书,我也是。) (12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别：五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lot of(或l