考研英语真题阅读理解精读笔记.docx

1、考研英语真题阅读理解精读笔记2009考研英语真题阅读理解精读笔记TEXT1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.If

2、 you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced. What might account for this strange phenomenon?Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;

3、b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d)none of the above. Anders Ericsson, a 58 year old psychology professor at Florida State Universit

4、y, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.”Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to h

5、ear and then repeat a random series of numbers.“With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,”Ericsson recalls.“He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.” This success, coupled with later research show

6、ing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well

7、 each person “encodes” the information.And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice.Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedb

8、ack and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer.They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their

9、own laboratory experiments with high achievers.Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.Or, put another way, expert performerswhether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programmingare nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phen

10、omenon found among soccer players is mentioned to Astress the importance of professional training. Bspotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup. Cintroduce the topic of what makes expert performance. Dexplain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph

11、2) most probably means Afun.Bcraze.Chysteria.Dexcitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory Adepends on meaningful processing of information. Bresults from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises. Cis determined by genetic rather than psychological factors. Drequires immediate feedback and a h

12、igh degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that Atalent is a dominating factor for professional success. Bbiographical data provide the key to excellent performance. Cthe role of talent tends to be overlooked. Dhigh achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of

13、the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? A “Faith will move mountains.” B “One reaps what one sows.” C “Practice makes perfect.” D “Like father, like son.”注：1.本书单词右上角标注的数字是该单词在历年真题（1994年2008年）中出现的次数。2.单词词义前标注的“、”等数字表示该单词同一词性的不同词义。3.在考研英语词汇真题词频语境记忆精读版中本书单词均配有真题例句。abi

14、lity15E5bilitin.能力，智能；才能，才干account 22E5kauntn.账（目，户）；叙述，说明；价值，地位；v.（for）说明，解释；占；（take into ）考虑；顾及achieve12E5tFi:vv.完成，实现；达到，达成，获得act11Aktv.行动，做事；（on）起作用；表演；（for）代表，代替；n.行为，动作；（一）幕；法令，条例annual55AnjuEla.每年的，年度的；n.年刊，年鉴ballet15bAlein.芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞乐曲capacity8kE5pAsitin.容量，容积；能量，能力；接受力；生产力certificate2sE5t

15、ifikitn.证（明）书，执照cognitive15kCgnitiva.认知的，认识的，有感知的colleague45kCli:gn.同事，同僚conceive2kEn5si:vv.（of）设想，构思，想像；以为；怀胎，怀有concentrate35kCnsentreitv.（on）集中，专心；浓缩；n.浓缩物conclude5kEn5klu:dv.结束，终结；断定，下结论；缔结，议定conduct75kCndQktn.行为，举动，品行；引导，经营，实施，处理；v.引导，带领；处理，管理；指挥（乐队）；传导，传（热，电等）confer2kEn5fE:v.商谈，商议；授予，赋予convey3k

16、En5veiv.运送，搬运，转运；传达，传播data225deitEn.（datum的复数）资料，数据deliberate2di5libEreita.深思熟虑的，故意的depend16di5pend v.（on）取决于，依靠，信赖，相信detail75di:teiln.细节，详情；v.详述dominate35dCmineitv.支配，统治，控制；占优势elite4ei5li:tn.总称上层人士，掌权人物，实力集团；出类拔萃的人（集团），精英engineering17endVi5niEriNn.工程学entail2in5teilvt.需要，伴随；限定继承excitement2ik5saitmEn

17、tn.刺激，激动exhibit2ig5zibitv.展出，陈列experiment11iks5perimEntn.试验；v.（on）做实验expert145ekspE:t n.专家，能手；a.熟练的，有经验的；专门的，专家的factor125fAktEn.因素，要素feedback15fi:dbAkn.反馈genetic2dVi5netika.遗传的，起源的immediate6i5mi:djEta.立即的，即时的；直接的，最接近的importance10im5pC:tEnsn.重要，重要性information447infE5meiFEnn.通知，报告；情报，信息involve20in5vCl

18、vv.卷入，陷入，连累；包含，含有，涉及laboratory3lE5bCrEtErin.实验室lead21li:dv.领导，引导；领先，占首位；（to）通向，导致，引起；经验，过（生活）；n.带领，引导；n.铅means32mi:nzn.方法，手段nuclear35nju:kliEa.核心的，中心的；原子核的，核能的nurture15nE:tFEn.养育，教育，教养，营养品；vt.养育，给与营养物，教养obtain11Eb5teinv.获得，得到opportunity117CpE5tju:nitin.机会outcome45autkQmn.结果，成果overlook37EuvE5lukv.看漏，

19、忽略；俯瞰，眺望；宽容，放任oxygen35CksidVEnn.氧paragraph665pArEgrB:fn.段，节；小新闻，短评peak1pi:kn.山顶，最高点；峰，山峰；a.高峰的，最高的perfect55pE:fikta.完善的，无瑕的；完全的，十足的；v.使完美，改进performance5pE5fC:mEnsn.履行，执行；表演，演出；性能，特性；表现phenomenon9fi5nCminEnn.pl.phenomena现象process34prE5sesn.过程，进程；工序，制作法；工艺；v.加工，处理professional15prE5feFEnla.职业的，专业的，专门的；

20、n.专家，专业人员psychology7sai5kClEdVin.心理学，心理pursuit6pE5sju:tn.追赶，追求；职业，工作random35rAndEma.随机的，随意的；n.随机，随意range6reindVn.范围，距离，领域；排列，连续；（山）脉；炉灶；v.排列成行rank2rANkn.军衔，社会阶层；排，横列；v.分等级，把分类；排列reap1ri:pv.收割，收获recall3ri5kC:lv.回忆，回想；撤消，收回result37ri5zQltn.结果，成果，成绩；v.（in）导致，结果是；（from）起因于，因而造成role22rEuln.角色；作用，任务series

21、55siEri:zn.一系列，连续；丛书setting65setiNn.安置，安装；落山；（固定东西的）柜架底座；环境，背景soccer45sCkEn.足球sow2sEuv.播种span4spAnn.跨度，跨距specific12spi5sifika.明确的，具体的；特定的，特有的startle25stB:tlv.惊吓，使吃惊stress9stresn.压力，应力；重音；v.强调，着重subject135sQbdViktn.主题，题目；学科，科目；主语；a.（to）易遭的，受支配的；v.（to）使遭到，使服从superior1sju:5piEriEa.优良的，卓越的；（to）较多的，优于；n.

22、上级，长官surgery35sE:dVErin.外科，外科学；手术室，诊疗室swamp1swCmpn.沼泽，沼地switch4switFn.开关；转换；v.转变，转移talent25tAlEntn.才能，天资；人才tend26tendv.趋向，往往是；照料，看护topic35tCpikn.话题，主题，题目trait3treitn.特征，特点，特性word36wE:dn.词，单词；常pl.话；消息，传说；诺言，保证；v.用言语表达according47E5kC:diNad.依照，根据assertion2E5sE:FEnn.主张，断言，声明astrological19AstrE5lCdVikla.

23、占星的， 占星术的biographical1baiEu5rAfikEla.传记的concentration57kCnsen5treiFEnn.集中，集合，合并craze1kreizn.狂热digit35didVitn.从0到9的任一数字encode2in5kEudvt.把（电文.情报等）译成电码（或密码）；编码genetically2dVi5netikEliad.遗传地hysteria1his5tiEriEn.歇斯底里inborn15in5bC:na.天生的， 生来的， 先天的mania15meinjE, niEn.狂躁， 狂热meaningful15mi:niNful a.意味深长的mean

24、ingfully15mi:niNfuliad.意味深长地memorize35memEraiz v.记住，记忆noteworthy15nEutwE:Tia.值得注目的， 显著的overrate15EuvE5reitvt.对估价过高performer2pE5fC:mE(r)n.表演者proverb15prCvE(:)bn.谚语psychological47saikE5lCdVikEla.心理（上）的quirk1kwE:kn.奇事，巧合spotlight15spCtlaitn.聚光灯；vt.使瞩目于springtime15sprINtaIm n.春天， 春季stamina15stAminEn.毅力，

25、 精力statistics6stE5tistiksn.统计学，统计表superstar25sju:pEstB:n.超级明星tournament15tuEnEmEntn.比赛，锦标赛，联赛难句1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in

26、 the earlier months of the year than in the later months.语法分析本句的基本句型为：虚拟条件句+主句+同位语从句；主句为you would.find a.quirk；其前为一个由if引导的虚拟条件句，其后为一个同位语从句，对a noteworthy quirk进行说明；本句难点本句由两个从句和一个主句组成,相对简单;方法对策首先抓住主句,然后再分析其他分句即可;主句中的quirk意为“怪事,奇怪的事情”;例句精译如果你能查看一下2006年世界杯比赛的每一个足球运动员的出生证的话，你就极可能发现一个值得注意的怪事。这些足球精英们可能出生在每

27、年年初的几个月份而非年末的几个月份。难句2If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.语法分析本句结构为：条件从句+主句，主句的主干为：you would find + 宾语+宾语补足语；本句难点本句句子结构比较简单;本句中feed意为“提供,输送”,pronounced作形容词用,意为“显著的,明显的”

28、;方法对策对个别词汇要根据上下文确定其在文中的意思,不可单纯套用常用的意思;例句精译如果你再来查看一下为世界杯和其他一些专业级别的比赛准备后备力量的欧洲各国青年队的情况，你将会发现这一奇怪的现象更为突出。难句3This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an int

29、uitive one.语法分析本句主要结构为:主语+谓语+双宾语，主语为This success，谓语为led，其后为两个宾语，一为Erisson，一为to conclude，conclude后为that引导的宾语从句；本句难点本句中两个逗号之间的内容为插入语,影响阅读;整句包含双宾语和从句,稍复杂;方法对策两个逗号之间的插入语第一次略过不读,抓住句子主干,然后再分析宾语和从句;例句精译这次成功，再加上其后表明记忆绝非由遗传因素决定的研究，终于导致埃瑞克森做出了结论记忆这种行为更属于一种后天培养而非是先天的天赋。难句4Their work makes a rather startling as

30、sertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.Or, put another way, expert performerswhether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programmingare nearly always made, not born.语法分析第一句为简单句，冒号后面的部分是assertion的同位语，同位语从句主干为：the trait.is.，其中包含一个定语从句修饰the trait；第二句的主干为expert performers.are.made，not born，or和put another way 是插入语；本句难点从句和插入语比较难;方法对策首先分析句子主干,然后分析其他成分,难句就迎刃而解了;例句精译 他们的工作得到了一个相当惊人的结论：我们称之为天才的这种东西其实是过于夸张了。换言之：无论是在记忆力或是在外科手术方面，无论