1、八年级英语上册知识点总结素材 人教新目标板知识点总结素材Unit 1 Sports and GamesTopic 1 Are you going to play basketball?1.see sb. do sth “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程,常与every day; often等连用.see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行. Eg : I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays. I often see him draw pictures ne
2、ar the river. 我常看见她在河边画画. I saw her go across the street. 我看见她过了马路 I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路. 类似的有watch,hear,feel 等这类感观动词.2.join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列” “和某人在一起”join + 组织 表示 “加入某个组织”take part in 表示 “参加/出席某个活动”如: Will you join us? I will join the skiing club. She is planning to take part
3、in the high jump.3.prefer to 更喜欢 (to是介词,后接名词、V-ing形式) Eg:She prefers fish to meat. She prefers playing the piano to playing the guitar.4.arrive in + 大地点arrive at + 小地点 get to + 地点 = reach + 地点如: My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday. I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reache
4、d the Great Wall.注意: reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home5.leave 离开leave for 动身去/离开到如: They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要离开北京.They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他们要前往日本.6.a few “几个;一些” 修饰可数名词 a little “一点点” 修饰不数名词如: There are a few eggs in the
5、basket. There is a little water in the bottle.7.how long 表示“多久(时间)”; 提问时间段. how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率.如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. How long will they stay in Beijing? He plays basketball twice a week. How often does he play basketball?8.be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing)
6、 sth. 擅长于(做)某事 如: She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball.9.make sth/sb + adj. 使某物(某人)在某种状态 keep sth/sb + adj. 保持某物(某人)在某种状态 如: Playing soccer can make your body strong. Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.重点语法 一般将来时:(一)be going to 结构: 表示主语进行某一将来行动
7、的打算、意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思,因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。 如:Im going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday. 我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。 She is going to buy a sweater for her mother. 她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。表预测。指根据迹象推测,而且马上或很快就要发生。 如:Look at those clouds. Its going to rain. 瞧那些乌云!快要下雨了!(二) will + 动词原形:
8、表示单纯的将来事实,常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year)等连用。will not = wont; 缩略形式为ll.表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划,是临时的一种决定。如:a. -Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆,把你的东西收拾好。-Im sorry. Ill do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。b. -Would you like coffee or tea? 您要咖啡还是茶? -I will have a cup of tea
9、,please. 我要一杯茶。c. Dont worry. Ill help you. 别担心。我会帮你的。表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。如: Im sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。表示许诺。如: Ill do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。 Ill visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。句式:肯定句:I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.否定句:I
10、/She/He/They wont go to play baseball soon.一般疑问句:Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?回答:Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they wont.(三)动词plan, come, go, leave, fly等用现在进行时表示将要发生的事. 如: Im coming. 我就来。 He is leaving for Shanghai. 他将到上海去。 We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京。Topic 2 Would you
11、mind teaching me ?1.ill 与 sick 都表示 “生病的”, 只能作表语而既可作表语也可作定语.如: The man is ill/sick. 那个男人病了. (作表语) He is a sick man. 他是个病人. (作定语)2.Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示 “(不)做某事介意/好吗?”如: Would you mind coming and checking it? 来修理它好吗? Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗?3. one of + 名词复数 表示 “其中之一”
12、, 主语是one,表单数.谓语动词用单数。 如: One of my teammates is strong and tall. 其中我的一个队友又高又壮。4. miss “错过,思念,遗失”如: I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我错过最后一班车. He missed his mother. 他想念他的母亲. My God! I missed(=lost) my key. 天啊! 我把钥匙弄丢了.5. do ones best 尽某人的最大努力 = try ones best We do our best to finish the task.6. be
13、sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子 “确定做某事” 如: We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time. 我们确信下次一定会赢。7. be sorry for “为某事抱歉”be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事”如: I am very sorry for what I said. 我为我所说的话感到抱歉. Im sorry I lost your book. = Im sorry to lose
14、your book.很抱歉弄丢你的书。8. tired adj. “(感到)疲惫的” , 主语是人 如: I feel tired today. 今天我感到累了.tiring adj. “令人疲劳的”, 主语是事物 如:This job is tiring. 这份工作令人疲惫.类似的有: excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的 interested 感到有趣的 interesting 有趣的9. 15-year-old “15岁的”15 years old “15岁” 如: He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old.
15、类似用法: 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles10. instead “替代;相反”, 一般单独使用,放在句末,前面用逗号隔开.instead of“替代;而不,相反”如: I wont go to Shanghai. Ill go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海而会去北京. = Ill go to Beijing instead of Shanghai. I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水.have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “从做.中获得乐趣”如
16、: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in?1. be ready for 为准备 = prepare for Eg:We are ready for the final exam = We are preparing for the final exam2. encourage 鼓励 (to + V )Eg:We should encourage children to look after themselves.3. take /
17、do exercise 做锻炼Eg:They often takes / does exercise in the morning.4. group up 长大Eg:What are you going to be when you grow up.bring up : 抚养5. a symbol of代表 = stand forEg:?The?Tang?costume?stands?for?Chinese?fashion?culture?and?the?long?history?of?China. The?Tang?costume is a symbol of Chinese?fashion
18、?culture?and?the?long?history?of?China.6. at least 至少 at most 至多Eg:We need at least another two days to finish the task. There are 1000 students in this school at most.7. fill out + 名词 “填好”fill + 名词/代词+out如: Please fill out this form. = Please fill this form out. 请填好这张表格. Please fill it/them out. (当
19、宾语是代词时, 只能放中间) 请把它(们)填好.8. be afraid “恐怕” 指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人. be afraid of “害怕(做)” 如: Im afraid I wont be free. 我恐怕没有空. He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗. They are afraid of losing the game. 他们害怕输了比赛.9. may be “可能是” may是情态动词 + bemaybe “或许; 可能” maybe是副词如: He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher. 他可能是一名老师. H
20、e may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字.10. between 在两者之间 among 在三者或三者当中如: The answer is between A and B. 答案在A和B 之间. The winner is among of us. 获胜者在我们当中.Unit 2 Keeping HealthyTopic 1 How are you feeling today?1. 身体某个部位 + ache,表身体某处疼痛。如: headache 头痛 backache 背痛 stomachache 胃痛 tootha
21、che 牙痛2. medicine “药”(为不可数名词) pill “药片” (为可数名词)如: take some medicine 吃些药 take some cold pills 吃些感冒药3. with “含有” without “没有”Eg:hot tea with honey 加蜜的茶 coffee with sugar and milk 加糖和牛奶 mooncake with eggs 含鸡蛋的月饼 Chinese tea with nothing = Chinese tea without anything 中国清茶 Go to school without (eating)
22、 breakfast. 没吃早饭去上学。4. well 康复 well 是副词,修饰动词。作为形容词来用时,是“身体健康”的意思。Eg:She dances well.( well是副词)Take care of you ,youll be well soon.( well是形容词)good是形容词,“好的” eg:He is a good boy.5. Youd better go to see a doctor. 你最好去看医生 see a doctor 看医生had better (not) do sth 最好(不)做某事Eg:Youd better ask your teacher f
23、or help You have a fever,Lets see a doctor. Your leg is hurt ,youd better not move.6. have a rest 休息一下Eg:You look tired ,why not have a rest?7. until “直到为止” ; 句中动词一般为延续性动词not until “直到才” ; 句中动词一般为短暂性动词 如: He will wait for his father until ten oclock. 他将等他父亲一直到10点为止. He wont leave until his father co
24、mes . 直到他父亲来他才离开. 8. plenty of “充足;大量” 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词, 只用于肯定句,相当于a lot of/ lots of many “许多”, 修饰可数名词 much “许多”, 修饰不可数名词如: You should drink plenty of /a lot of boiled water. 你应该喝大量的开水. You shouldnt drink so much water. 你不应该喝这么多水. I have many/lots of/a lot of/plenty of books. 我有许多水.Topic 2 I must a
25、sk him to give up smoking.1. be good for 对有益 be bad for 对有害如: Swimming is good for health. 游泳对健康有益. Reading in strong sunlight is bad for the eyes. 在强烈的阳光下看书对眼睛有害.2. enough adj. “足够的” 修饰名词时, 既可放在名词之前, 也可放在名词之后.(但通常放在名词之前)如: I have enough time/ time enough to finish this work. 我有足够的时间完成这项工作. There is
26、 enough food in the fridge. 冰箱里有足够的食物.adv. “足够地” 修饰形容词或副词时, 均放在所修饰词的后面.如: He is tall enough to reach the apple. 他足够高,能够得着苹果. He speaks clearly enough. 他讲得足够清楚.3. need “需要, 必需”作实义动词: need sth. 需要某物 need to do sth. 需要做某事如: I need some help. 我需要一些帮助. You need to see a doctor. 你需要去看医生. He needs to take
27、a bus. 他需要去搭车.作情态动词: need + 动词原形如: If she wants anything, she only need ask. 她想要什么东西, 只要开口就行了. You neednt finish this work today. 你不必今天完成这项工作. 4. too much + 不可数名词 表“太多的” much too + 形容词 表“太”,much 起加强语气作用如:Dont eat too much meat. 不要吃太多的肉。He is much too fat. 他实在太胖了。5. give up 放弃 Eg|:In order to keep he
28、althy,you must give up smoking and drinking.6. Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜有害你的健康. (V-ing短语做主语) staying up (late)熬夜 (到很晚)6. throw about 乱扔Eg:We shouldnt throw litter about.7. in public 公共的Eg:We shouldnt smoke in public.8. more than 超过 less than 少于Eg:There are more than 1000 students in
29、 that school. I do morning exercise less than three times a week.9. must “必须, 一定” 如: We must study hard. 我们必须努力学习. must表示推测时一般用于肯定句;在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can,否定句中也可用功ay,但may not表示“可能不”,而cant表示“不可能”;(4)否定句中,mustnt表示禁止,意为“不允许”。以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答应用must,而否定回答则常用neednt,neednt表示“不需要、不必”,相当于dont have to。如: Theres som
30、eone knocking on the door. It must he Jim. 有人敲门。肯定是吉姆。Eg -Must we keep the windows open all the time?-No, we dont have to. / No, we neednt. (注意回答时不能用No, we mustnt.)* have to “不得不,必须”, 侧重表示因客观条件或客观环境的迫使而不得不做某事(可用于各种时态)如:Its too late. I have to go now. 太迟了.现在我得走了.I had to borrow some money at that tim
31、e. 那时我不得不借了一些钱.Topic 3 We should do to fight SARS?1. hurry up 赶快2. be on TV 上电视Eg:He is on TV3. go ahead 向前走 ; 着手干Eg:Go ahead and you will find a bank. -Mr. Wang ,I want to ask you a question. -Go ahead.4. build up 使强健Eg:We must do as much exercise as we can to build up our bodies.5. take care of 照顾 = look afterEg: The boy is too young to take care of himself. = The boy is too young
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