1、五种基本句型和句子成分句子成分英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:Countrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)One-thirdofthestudentsi
2、nthisclassaregirls.(数词)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)2、谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。Westudyforthepeople.
3、IcanspeakalittleEnglish.Wearereadingbooks.HehasgonetoBeijing.3、表语:它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份、特征、属性或状态。Mysisterisanurse.(名词)Isityours?(代词)Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)Thespeechisexciting.(分词)Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词)HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)Hishobby isplayingfootball.(动名词)Therulermustbeinyourbox.
4、(介词短语)Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)4、宾语:宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后。WelikeEnglish.(名词)Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)Itbegantorain.(不定式短语)Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)5、宾补:就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的。HisfathernamedhimDa
5、vid.(名词)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)Letthefreshairin.(副词)Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)6、定语:在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)Therearethirtywomenteachersin
6、ourschool.(名词)Hisprogress(进步)inEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)7、状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。HelivesinLondon.Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)Hehaslivedinthecityfo
7、rtenyears.(介词短语)Heissorrytotrouble(麻烦)you.(不定式短语)Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)Once(一旦)youbegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)状语种类如下:Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.(条件状语)MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)Sheputtheeg
8、gsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)指出下列句子斜体部分是什么句子成分:1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethene
9、wspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.5.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.6.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.7.Hewantstofinishtheworkintime.8.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice(建议).9.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?11.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddre
10、ss?12.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.13.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.14.Henoticed(注意到)amanentereingtheroom.15.Theapplestastedsweet.判断类型和句子成分:ShecameShelikesEnglish.SheishappyTheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.Sheboughtabookforme.ShegaveJohnabookMyheadaches.ShemakeshermotherangryThesunwassh
11、ining.Heenjoysreading.Iwanttohaveacupoftea.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。Ishowedhimmypictures.Igavemycarawash.我洗了我的汽车。Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.他教我开机器。Whatmakeshimthinkso?他怎么会这样想?Thechildrenareplayinghappily.TheGreensenjoylivinginChina.Hebecam
12、eafamousdoctor.他成为了一名著名的医生。Theapplepietastesreallydelicious.苹果派吃起来真是好吃。基本句型一:S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词:appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,fall,happen,rise,如:学生们学习很努力。_基本句型二:S十V十P主系表结构常见的系动词有:be(是);get(变得),become(成为),turn(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎)A.表示状态的连系
13、动词。这些词有:be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。1)Weshould_anytime.我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。2)这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_.B.表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等。如:1)Springcomes.Itis_.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。2)Donthavethefood._.不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了。基本句型三:S十V十O主谓宾结构1)我昨天看了一部电影。_.2)Theyhave_ofthechildren这些孩子他们照
14、看得很好。基本句型四:S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有:bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,read,sell,send,show,teach,tellwish, write等。间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有:buy,choose,make,order,paint,play(演奏), sing,等。1)Yesterdayherfather_asabirthdaypresent.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。2)Theoldman_intheLongMarch.(正在给孩子们讲故事)这种句型还可转换为:
15、动词直接宾语for/tosb.3)Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.=Please_.请把你的画给我看一下。4)I_thebook.=I_thebook _.我把书递给他。基本句型五:S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call(叫),choose(选),find(发现),make,name(命名)1)Keep_,please.请让孩子们安静下来。2)Theypainted_.他们把窗户漆成白色。3)Wemust_.我们必须保持我们的学校整洁。4)Heaskedme_soon
16、.他要我早点回来。5)我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。_.注意:动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面接动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:6)Theboss_allday.(迫使他劳动)7)Wesaw_.(他出去)。考点突破训练1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyou_AtowaitBwaitCwaitedDwaiting2.Ifeltsomebody_me.AtouchBtouchedCtotouchDtouches3.Hetaughtme_speakEnglish.AhowshouldBhowChowcanIDhowto4.Ishallm
17、akeyourdream_.AcomingtrulyBcometrueCtocometrueDcomestrue5.Hetold_home.AusnottogoBwenotgoCusnotgoDustonotgo6.Ithink_agoodhabittogetupearly.AthisBitisCthatDits7.Rosesinbloomsmell_.AsweetenBsweetlyCsweetDsweetness8.Theweather_.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold9.Theappletasted_.
18、A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet10.Hegotup_yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter11._wereallverytired,butnoneof_wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we12.Ithink_necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itisC.thatD.thatis13.Thedog_mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglooked D.waslooked 友情提示:本资料代表个人观点,如有帮助请下载,谢谢您的浏览!
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