考研英语真题与翻译.docx

1、考研英语真题与翻译2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close a

2、nd 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania exami

3、ned the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects o

4、f hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds thats usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon C

5、ohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes a

6、ttachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1A BesidesB UnlikeC Throug

7、houtD Despite2A equalB restrictedC connectedD inferior3A viewB hostC lessonD choice4A avoidB forgetC recallD keep5A collectingB affectingC guidingD involving6A onB inC atD of7A devotedB attractedC lostD exposed8A alongB acrossC downD out9A imaginedB deniedC doubtedD calculated10A servedB restoredC e

8、xplainedD required11A ThusB StillC RatherD Even12A defeatsB symptomsC errorsD tests13A highlightedB increasedC controlledD minimized14A presentedB equippedC associatedD compared15A assessB generateC moderateD record16A in the name ofB in the form ofC in the face ofD in the way of17A attributeB commi

9、tC transferD return18A unlessB becauseC thoughD until19A remainsB emergesC vanishesD decreases20A experiencesB combinesC justifiesDinfluences拥抱可以使医生远离我们吗？答案也许是响亮的“是的”。除了能帮助你感到和自己在乎的人关系亲密之外，事实证明拥抱还可以给你的身心健康带来许多好处。不管你信不信，温暖的拥抱在冬天可以帮助你避免生病。最近，宾夕法尼亚州卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员对超过400名健康成年人进行了研究。他们在让这些实验对象接触感冒病毒后，检测了“感觉

10、到社会支持”和“受到别人拥抱”这两点对他们患上常见感冒的敏感性的影响。感觉到更多社会支持的人更不容易患感冒，研究人员推算出，这种对健康的有益影响，大约有32%是由拥抱所产生的减压效果所带来的。甚至在已经患上感冒的人群中，感觉得到更多社会支持和频繁得到拥抱的人的症状也更轻。“拥抱可以保护那些处于压力之下的人免受与压力有关的、愈发增加的感冒的风险，”来自卡内基大学的心理学教授谢尔登科恩观察道。拥抱“能制造亲密，也能帮助产生面对困难时，有人来帮助你的感觉。”一些专家将拥抱所产生的减缓压力的健康好处归因于拥抱所释放的催生素，其通常被称为“结合激素”，因为它能促进依附关系，包括母亲与新生婴儿之间的依附关

11、系。催生素主要产生在大脑的中低部，其有一部分会被释放进血液里。但还有一部分会留在大脑里，影响人们的情绪、行为及生理。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hoursthis is how fa

12、r in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,wh

13、ich terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private liv

14、es, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weaponsboth fake and realpast airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise

15、in airline travel due to the improving economy and and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has becomebut the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not

16、anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees,

17、 though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligibl

18、e to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risks, saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five yea

19、rs to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA

20、 cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to_. A stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwideB highlight th

21、e necessity of upgrading major US airportsC explain Americans tolerance of current security checksD emphasis the importance of privacy protection22. Which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?A New restrictions on carry-on bagsB The declining efficiency of the TSAC An increa

22、se in the number of travelersD Frequent unexpected secret checks23.The word “expedited” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to_.A fasterB quieterC widerD cheaper24. One problem with the PreCheck program is_.A A dramatic reduction of its scaleB Its wrongly-directed implementationC The governments

23、reluctance to back itD An unreasonable price for enrollment25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Less Screening for More SafetyB PreCheck-a Belated SolutionC Getting Stuck in Security LinesD Underused PreCheck LanesText 1 全文翻译以前是2小时，现在是3小时这就是航空当局建议旅客提前到达机场赶国内航班的时间，至少美国一些大

24、的机场是这么建议的，因为安检队伍正变得越来越长。美国人现在愿意忍受费时的安检程序，以换取更高的安全性。被恐怖分子袭击而坠入地中海的埃及航空804号航班给了大家为什么这么做的一个悲剧提醒。但是对飞机乘客要求太多或者在安全保障方面的成效不足反过来又会降低公众对这一程序的支持。其就会演变成：浪费的时间耽误了美国的经济和私人生活，也会使乘客感到愤怒。去年，美国运输安全管理局在一次秘密检查中发现，管理局的便衣调查员在尝试偷运武器的时候（无论真假），屡次通过了安检。随后，机场加强了安检措施，同时经济复苏和低油价也导致了国际航班的增加，这些因素就导致包括芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场在内的主要机场的安检队伍变长。目前

25、，安检措施是否变得更加有效尚不得而知，但安检队伍确实变长了。导致这一问题的部分原因是政府没有预料到乘飞机出行的乘客数量会猛增，所以美国运输安全管理局现在正紧锣密鼓地在各机场增加新的安检人员。另一个原因是，机场只有这么多空间，能容下的安检队伍有限。还有一个因素可能是，越来越多的人想要过度打包他们的随身行李以避免行李安检费用，尽管航空公司对此强烈反对。美国运输安全管理局可以采取的一个不需要改造机场或仓促招聘人员的措施，那就是鼓励更多的乘客参加预检项目。预检对游客和美国运输安全管理局而言是双赢的选择。通过背景检查的乘客有资格使用快速安检通道。这能使美国运输安全管理局能重点检查具有高风险的乘客，从而节

26、省了其他人的时间。美国运输安全管理局计划将2500万乘客纳入预检项目。然而，这一计划还未达到预期目标，其中的一个主要原因就是定价太高。乘客必须每五年支付85美元进行背景审核。从一开始这一价格就是预检项目的重大缺陷。接下来的改革也许会把价格调整到合理的水平。但是国会应该通过资助预检项目或以别的方式来降低成本的方式直接参与到价格调整中去。在大部分的游客得忍受不必要排队的痛苦之时，美国运输安全管理局不能继续将资源投入到未充分使用的预检通道中去了。要想让预检项目真的开始起作用，那还需要很长的时间。Text 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote

27、 Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to

28、 revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacif

29、ic Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as dis

30、respect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world.They did not always pr

31、ioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first broug