1、中式英语之鉴电子版The?English?Learners?Guide?to?Chinglish.?中式英语之鉴大家千万不要犯了哦所谓正和误,是为便于比较而设的形式而已,是想借此形式为学生学习巩固英语常用习惯用法起助记提醒之作用。所谓正、误是个相对概念,不是绝对的,有很多表达只是得体与不得体、地道与不地道的问题。考虑初学者接受能力有限,一个单项不益搞得面面俱到或超出能力范围,他们读到的一条只是相对较为得体的一种表达法而已,随着不断的学习,想必其知识自然会扩展和深入的。总之,我们学的是英语,所以就要尽量按英语的表达法说话、造句,克服中式英语自然是我们努力的目标。01.有他这颗扫帚星,什么事情都办
2、不成。误 With a comet like him,nothing can be accomplished.正 With a jinx like him,nothing can be accomplished.注:?“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”(comet)的俗称,因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。在中国古代,“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆,并被用?来比喻不吉利的人或事;祸根:(person or thing that is thought to bring)bad luck(to sb/sth);curse。英语的?comet?虽然没有这层含义,但却有一个对应的说法,即?jinx
3、。?例:Theres a jinx on/Someonesput a jinx on this car: its always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西,总给我找麻烦”。02.萝卜青菜,各有所爱。误 Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.正 Tastes differ.注:?Tastes differ/vary?是句英语谚语,除此以外,原句还可翻译成?No dish suits all tastes?或?You can never make everyone happy?等。新概念英语第三册第23课的
4、标题是:One mans meat is anothermans poison,表达的很生动。?总之,应采取意译。03.他一向嘴硬,从不认错。误 He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.正 He never says uncle.注:?say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit defeat. Mainly used by boys, as when fighting。主要是男孩们打架时的用语,当一方想制服另一方时,就用命令的口气说:“Say uncle
5、!”这时,有的孩子为了表示不服输,就是不说。后来,say uncle?就成了“服输”的代名词,而?not say uncle?就相当于“嘴硬”了。04.老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘。误 The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.正 The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.注:中国人喜欢说“嘴甜”,但?honey-lipped?更符合英美人的语言习惯。05.同学们都很讨厌他,因为他经常拍老师的马屁。误 The student all dislike
6、 him because he often pats the teachers ass.正 The students all dislike him because he often licks the teachers boots.注:?以前在欧洲,臣民见到国王与王后往往要葡匐到在,亲吻他们的靴子。后来,人们将?lick the boots?引申为“为了某种目的而讨好某人”,它与汉语的“拍马屁”含义一样。在美国英语中,“拍马屁”还有另一种说法,即polish the apple,它典出以前的学生用擦亮的苹果来讨好老师。06.你听说了吗?迈克把他的女朋友给甩了。误 Have you ever
7、heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend.正 Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend.注:break up with sb.?虽然表示“与某人分手了”,但并没说明是谁先提出来的。而?dump?的原意指“倾倒垃圾”,用在这里则表示像倒垃圾一样地甩掉。07.我们要把祖国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国。误 We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country.正 We will build our moth
8、erland into a modern powerful socialist country.注:形容词作为修饰语在汉语和英语中都很常用,但使用的先后次序却有所不同。在英语中我们一般遵循“靠近原则”,即越能说明本质属性的修饰词越靠近它所修饰的?名词,当从这一点看不出区别时,就靠词的长短来决定,短的在前,长的在后。原文中最能说明“国家”本质的定语是“社会主义的”,所以?socialist?要最靠近它所修饰的中心词。08.我想要一点白酒。误 Id like a little bit of white wine.正 Id like a little bit of liquor.注:?汉语的“酒”可
9、指任何酒,包括白酒、葡萄酒、啤酒,甚至米酒;但英语中则要分别用?liquor,wine,beer及rice wine表示。所以要注意,英语的wine与汉语的“酒”是有区别的,它仅指点葡萄酒。而且?red wine?是红葡萄酒,white wine?是白葡萄酒。09.中华人民共和国主席误 Chairman of the Peoples Republic of China正 President of the Peoples Republic of China注:?以前,我们一直将“主席”翻译为?chairman,例如:great leader Chairman Mao(伟大领袖毛主席)。其实“主席
10、”与?chairman?并不等义,chairman?在英语中通常指会议或某一具体组织的负责人,它的权力和重要性不及中文的“主席”。这就是为什么1983年,在我国宪法的英译单行本中开始使用?President一词,并沿用至今。另外,国内仍有不少词典把“班/级长(学校的)”译为“class monitor”,这是“四人帮”时代的产物,那时的“班长”是专司监管学生的,所以译作“monitor”。而“班长”的正确译文应该是“class president”。10.转战南北误 fight south and north正 fight north and south注:?在地理方位的表达习惯上,中英文有一
11、定的区别。中国人习惯于先“东西”后“南北”,而且在涉及“南北”时,习惯于先说“南”,再说“北”,如:“南征北?战”、“南来北往”等。而英美人与此正好相反,如“江苏在中国的东南部”英文是?Jiangsu is in the south-east of China,?而“新疆在中国的西北部”应译为?Xinjiang is in thenorth-west of China。11.人都是这山望着那山高,对自己的现状没有满意的时候。误 Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one hes standing
12、on. They never feel satisfied with what theyve already got.正 Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel satisfied with what theyve already got.注:“这山望着那山高”是指人不满足于现状的心理,它在英语中已经有了现成的说法,即?the grass is greener on the other hill(他山的草更绿),因此我们借用即可,这样既方便又更有利于与西方人沟通。1
13、2.北京申奥成功的消息令我们热血沸腾。误 Beijings winning the bid for the Olympics makes our blood boil.正 Beijings winning the bid for the Olympics makes us excited.注:make ones blood boil?是指“激怒某人”,而非“使人激动”。英语中“使人激动”的说法除了?make one excited,还有较为口语化的?make ones spine tingle。13.别听他们胡说八道,根本就没那回事。误 Dont listen to their babblin
14、g. Nothing of the sort.正 Dont be fooled by their babbling. Nothing of the sort.注:原文中的“听”不能用?listen to?来表示,因为?listen to?指“听”的动作,而原文中的“别听”不是不让他“听”,而是劝告他“不要听信”,因此,用?not be fooled by?才更达意。14.我们这儿的人都觉得他有婚外恋。误 People around here all feel that he has affairs outside his own marriage.正 People around here al
15、l feel that he is leading a double life.注:affair?本身就指“私通”或“暧昧关系”,当然是“婚外”的事,所以?outside ones own marriage无疑是多此一举了。英语中“有婚外恋”的地道说法应该是?lead a double life。15.别看别人不把她当回事,在家里她可是父亲的掌上明珠。误 Although other people never take her seriously, she is the pearl on her fathers hand at home.正 Although other people neve
16、r take her seriously, she is the apple of her fathers eye at home.注:?中英文常用不同的喻体表明相同的喻义,“掌上明珠”与?the apple of ones eye?就是一个很好的例子。这种情况我们一般应尊重各国文化和习俗,翻译时取目的语的固定说法,而不必直译,这有助于将意思更有效地传达给读者。the apple of ones eye?源自圣经旧约,当时人们用?apple?指人的瞳孔。尽管瞳孔现在已经用?pupil?来表示,不再是?apple?了,但这一用法却延续了下来。都十点钟了。起床了,懒虫!误 Its ten oclo
17、ck. Get up,lazy worm!正 Its ten oclock. Get up,lazy bones!注:“懒虫”并非真是一条虫,只不过被用来形容人很懒惰罢了。英语里与之对应的说法是?lazy bones(懒骨头)。注意,这里的?bone?应以复数形式出现,也许是因为不会只有一根骨头懒吧!17.我唯一的资本就是勤奋。误 My only capital is diligence.正 My only means to success is diligence.注:?原文的“资本”是借喻,实际指“可以依靠并取得成功的手段”。而英语的?capital?指?money used to pro
18、duce more wealth or for starting a business,并没有中文那样的引申意思。所以,这里的“资本”不能与?capital?画等号。也有人用?advantage?来翻译“资本”,虽然不尽意,但至少可以让读者理解。18.这家商店开辟了休息处,受到顾客的称赞。误 This department store has set up a resting-place, much to the customers appreciation.正 This department store has set up a lounge, much to the customers a
19、ppreciation.注:?英语的?resting-place?虽然有“休息处”的意思,但更经常的是用来指“坟墓”,即“最后安息之处”。因此,把公共场所的“休息处”译为?resting-place?不很合适。也有人将它译为?rest-room,但那更不妥当,因为英语中的?rest-room?是“厕所”的委婉说法,而“休息处”不是这个意思。19.大家都怀疑汤姆是个间谍。误 Everyone doubts that Tom is a spy.正 Everyone suspects that Tom is a spy.注:?doubt?作“怀疑”讲,是“不相信”的意思;而?suspect?作“怀疑
20、”讲,是指“对.有所察觉”。第一句译文犯了两个错误:首先,doubt?不能接?that?从句,只有not doubt that?和?doubt if/whether;其次,它所表达的意思是“大家对汤姆是间谍这件事表示怀疑”,即“大家不相信汤姆是间谍”,与原文的意思恰好相反。20.?我们俩关系最好,他经常来我这儿蹲饭吃。误 We are best friends. He always comes here to have meals for free.正 We are best friends. He always comes here to bum meals off me.注:第一句只表明“
21、他常到我这儿来白吃白喝”,但朋友这间那种亲密关系没有体现出来。而?bum sth. off sb.?指向非常熟的朋友要一些不起眼的小东西,而朋友也不会介意还不还。21.?这个教授教得很烂。误 The professor teaches badly.正 The professor is so terrible.注:有人认为第二句的意思是“这个教授很可怕”,其实不然。英语中?terible?意思很灵活,例如:feel terrible?指身体“不舒服”;?The food is terrible?则是说食物“难吃极了”。而第一句纯属中文式的表达。22.?我希望你不要拖我的后腿。?误 I hope
22、that you wont pull my leg.正 I hope that you wont hold me back.注:pull ones leg?是“愚弄某人,开某人的玩笑”的意思,相当于?make fun of sb.。英语中与“拖后腿”相对应的表达是?hold sb. back?或?be a drag on sb.?等。23.?学校里,那些长得人高马大的家伙常来找我的麻烦。?误 At school, those big and strong guys always come to find my trouble.正 At school, those big and strong
23、guys always come to pick on me.注:find my trouble?是“发现我的难处”的意思,而英语中“找某人的麻烦”用短语?pick on sb.?它不仅表示“挑剔某人、找某人的碴”,而且还包含?tease(取笑、戏弄)或?bully(威胁、欺侮)的意思。24.?原来如此。一经你解释我就明白了。?误 So it is. I understand soon after your explanation.正 So thats how it is. I understand soon after your explanation.注:So it is?的意思是“的确如
24、此”,它是用来表示对对方观点的赞同的。例如:A: It is a fine day today!B: So it is.而在表达恍然大悟时,英文要用?So thats how it is?或?So that explains it,?或更简单地道的说法?Oh, I see.25.?先生,您是不是迷路了?误 Hello, monsieur, get lost正 Hello, monsieur, got lost注:这两句译文表面上看只是时态上存在差异,其实它们的含义也截然不同。get lost?是俚语:“走开,别捣乱”的意思,got lost才是“迷路”。难怪当你友好地问外宾?Get lost时
25、,他并不领情呢!26.?我没料到这个无耻的女人居然同她好友的丈夫调情。误 I had not expected that this shameful woman should flirt with her best friends husband.正 I had not expected that this shameless woman should flirt with her best friends husband.注:?shameful?通常指某事物是“可耻的,丢脸的”,而?shameless?表示?having or showing no feeling of shame; imm
26、odest or impudent,它一般用来指人“不知羞耻的,不要脸的”或“伤风败俗的”。原文也可译为:Its shameful that the woman should flirt with her best friends husband.27.?东施效颦。误 Doing shi imitates Xi shi.正 The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distorted way that the ugliness of the ugly becomes worse.注:?把原文按照字面意思直译过来,恐怕只有中国人能够理解。要想让外国人明白
27、这个中国成语,就要对译文进行解释性加工了。同样,“情人眼里出西施”不是?Xishi is in the eye of the beholder,而是?Beauty is in the eye of the beholder。28.?你不好好学习,还想去牛津上大学。这可真是个不切实际的幻想哟!误 You dont study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an impractical illusion!正 You dont study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an illusion!注:
28、汉语中的修饰语往往用的很多,目的在于加强语气,但这种表达习惯在翻译时必须进行处理。illusion?本身就有?impractical?的含义,而英语中在表意已经很明确的情况下是无需重复的。29.?想让他答应这样的要求恐怕不大可能。误 Im afraid it is impossible for him to agree to such a request.正 Im afraid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request.注:?impossible?表示“完全不可能”,所以与原文有出入。在英语中,probable?表示的可能性最大,其次是
29、possible,再次是?likely。而常用的句式为?it is probable/possible/likely for sb. to do sth.,或?sb. be likely to do sth.。30.?一群蚂蚁误 a group of ants正 a colony of ants31.?最近的人口统计显示中国人口已超过12亿。误 The latest census shows that Chinas population has surpassed 1.2 billion.正 The latest census shows that Chinas population exce
30、eds 1.2 billion.注:surpass?和?exceed?译成中文虽然都是“超过,胜过”的意思,但出现具体数字时要用后者。32.?我每天都要在网吧里呆上10个小时,是个不折不扣的网虫。误 I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a net bug.正 I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a netter.注:“网虫”要是直译成?net bug,很容易使人联想到计算机病毒,如:the millennium bug(“千年虫”病
31、毒)。所以,英语中与之相应的说法是?netter/nettle。在剑桥国际英语词典里,对?netter/nettle?的解释是:regular user of Internet, perhaps one who spends too much time in this occupation。nethead?和“网虫”的意思差不多,它表示“网痴,网迷”;而?netizen?则可以用来指所有的网民,尤其是互联网的用户,它是由?net(网络)和citizen(公民)组合而成的。还有一个时髦的词是?net surfer,即“网上冲浪者”。33.?每次考试来临的时候,约翰就变成了一只夜猫子,但这并不是一个好的学习方法。误 John becomes a night cat every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn.正 John becomes a night owl every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn.注:ow
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