中学生科普英语趣味阅读低年级阅读材料.docx

1、中学生科普英语趣味阅读低年级阅读材料I. Life Science 生命科学The Five Senses视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉和触觉是人类最基本的五种感觉，即五官感觉。我们通过它们感知外界物体，获取与机体生存紧密相关的重要信息，从而对所处环境作出分析判断。五感在我们的日常生活中扮演了至关重要的角色。Sport injuries肌肉是支撑人体活动的重要部分，我们要小心保护，防止肌肉受伤。 Warm-upDo you know any kind of sport injuries? Have you suffered from any of them? Big question to think

2、 about while you readWhat are sprains and fractures?Content Vocabulary1. sprain n. a painful injury to a joint caused by a sudden wrenching of its ligaments扭伤2. break n. the place where a bone in your body has broken 破裂3. ligament n. a band of strong material in your body+ similar to muscle, that jo

3、ins bones or holds an organ in its place 韧带4. fracture n. a crack or broken part in a bone or other hard substance 断裂5. swell v. to become larger and rounder than normal 肿胀Sprains occur when a muscle is pulled too far. The result can be a break or a tear of a ligament. Sprains can sometimes happen a

4、s the result of an injury, such as a fall.Sprains can also happen when you do not warm up your muscles before you exercise.A broken bone often occurs as the result of an accident. A broken bone is called a fracture. How can you tell if a bone is broken? The pain in the area is very strong. You canno

5、t move the part that is broken. The part that is broken begins to swell or grow bigger.In most cases, you should not move because a bone may be broken Get someones help to call an ambulance immediately. You will be taken to a hospital nearby to check whether or not you have a broken bone. To check t

6、his, you will normally get an X-ray. An X-ray is a black and white picture of the bones taken with a special machine. It lets a doctor see if a bone is broken. (178 words) Reflection questions on what you read1. What are the differences between sprains and fractures?2. How can a doctor tell whether

7、theres a broken bone or not?3. What should you do if a sprain occurs?4. Which one do you think is more serious, a sprain or a broken bone?Measuring speed优异的骨骼结构和强健的肌肉使人和动物在运动时拥有较高的速度，下面的文章会告诉你什么动物运动速度最快。 Warm-up Do you notice that some animals move faster than others? Have you ever thought about why

8、 they can move faster? Big question to think about while you readHow do you define the word fast? Content Vocabulary1. distance n. the amount of space between two places or things 距离2. motor n. the basic unit for measuring length 米3. kilometer n. a unit for measuring distance, equal to 1,000 meters

9、公里4. athlete n. someone who competes in sports competitions, especially running, jumping, and throwing 运动员5. compare v. to examine and note the similarities or differences of 比较The movements of our bodies help us to go from one place to another. For example, when you go to school, you can walk, run,

10、ride a bike, or ride in a car or a bus. You must cover a certain distance. Distance is the amount of space between two places. Did you know that the distance from one place to another can be measured in meters? But if you need to measure distances that are longer than 1,000 meters, then it is usual

11、to measure them in kilometers. Sometimes we measure the time it takes to travel a certain distance. This is called speed. Speed is measured in hours, minutes, and seconds. When an athlete covers a distance of 100 meters in ten seconds, we know that the athlete can run very fast. It takes an average

12、person around twenty seconds to run 100 meters. The athlete runs the distance much faster than the average person. How fast can you run 100 meters?Which are the fastest animals?Animals move at different speeds. Some animals move faster than others. Compares how fast or slow different animals move.Wh

13、ich athletes are the fastest?Athletes spend many hours in training and practice in different sports. Coaches teach athletes how to improve their speed and strength. As a result, athletes develop strong bodies and muscles. Some athletes move very fast. They take part in races to see who is the fastes

14、t at certain sports. The Olympic Games is the largest sports competition in the world. (254 words)Reflection questions on what you read1. How can we calculate a moving objects speed?2. What units of measurement do people use to measure distance?3. What units of measurement do people use to measure s

15、peed?4. Why do athletes have to spend many hours in training and practice in different sports?5. Please name at least 3 Olympics sports where athletes take part in to compete for speed.The locomotive system 人体有着复杂的组织结构，正因为这样，我们能够行走、奔跑、跳跃。下面让我们一起来探索其中的奥妙吧！Warm-upHow much do you know about your body?

16、Do you know whats happening in your body when youre walking, jumping and running?Big question to think about while you read What exactly is the locomotive system?Content Vocabulary1. locomotive system a system related to movement 运动系统2. voluntary adj. voluntary movements of your body are controlled

17、by your conscious mind 自发的3. involuntary adj an involuntary movement, sound, reaction etc is one that you make suddenly and without intending to because you cannot control yourself 无意识的4. digestive system a system connected with the process of digestion 消化系统5. fiber n. the thin pieces of flesh that

18、form the nerves or muscles in your body 纤维6. joint n. a part of your body that can bend because two bones meet there 关节We have learned how receptors on our sense organs send messages to the brain, which then responds to the signals. The response from the brain can be a movement of the body. Most of

19、the movements of our bodies occur because we want them to happen. These are called voluntary movements. If we want to kick a ball, we have to think about doing it. Our brain receives the message, and immediately our foot kicks the ball. Other movements are called involuntary3 movements. Certain musc

20、les in our bodies work without us having to think about them. For example, the muscles that move food through our digestive system4 are involuntary. They work even while we are sleeping.Bones and musclesBones make up the skeleton and support the body. But bones do not move on their own. They need mu

21、scles to move. Muscles move every part of the body, such as the head, fingers, legs, and toes, and even our eyes and tongue. Muscles are made out of many stretchy, elastic cells and fibers. Muscles function like rubber bands that stretch and relax in the body. Muscles work in pairs. One muscle pulls

22、 the bone forward, and another muscle pulls the bone back. When one muscle is working (contracting), the other muscle is relaxing. Your muscle pairs work together to move. The place where one bone joins another is called a joint6. Joints allow movement and give the skeleton its ability to bend, twis

23、t, and turn.Tissues called ligaments hold bones together at joints. Bones, muscles, and ligaments make up the locomotive system. This system gives the body its form and allows it to move. (274 words)Reflection questions on what you read l. Whats the difference between voluntary and involuntary movem

24、ents? 2. Please give 3 more examples of involuntary movements. 3. How do the muscles help you to move? 4. Whats a joint? Please give an example. 5. There are many athletes who suffer from ligament injuries and cannot take part in competitions anymore. What will happen if there is a broken ligament?T

25、he ear and the hearing听觉是仅次于视觉的重要感官通道，它在人的生活中起着重要作用。Warm-up We hear a lot of sounds every day. Have you ever wondered how we can hear sounds? Whats the nature of sounds?Big question to think about while you read How do vibrations help to carry sounds?Content Vocabulary1. vibration n. a continuous sl

26、ight shaking movement 振动2. medium n. a substance through which a force travels 介质3. eardrum n. a tight thin piece of skin over the inside of your ear which allows you to hear sound 耳膜4. ossicle n. a small bone, especially one of those in the middle ear5. cochlea n. a part of the inner ear 耳蜗We hear

27、many different sounds in our everyday life. We hear the wind blowing through the trees, rain hitting our roofs, people talking, babies crying, cars moving, and birds singing, among many other sounds.What makes sound?A movement is needed to produce a sound. This movement is called a vibration.When a

28、guitar string is pulled, the string begins to vibrate. This means it moves quickly back and forth. This vibration creates the guitar sound that we hear. The vibration passes through the air until it reaches the receptors in our ears.The vibrating object is the source that emits sound. Air is one exa

29、mple of a medium through which sound can travel.Sound can travel through different media. It can travel through a solid, a liquid, and a gas. Sound travels more quickly through solids and liquids than gas.How do we hear?We hear sounds through our ears, which are our sound receptors. Our ears are div

30、ided into three parts: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.Sounds that travel through the air enter our outer ear. The outer ear catches the sound and moves it to the eardrum3. The eardrum is a very thin membrane that covers the middle part of the ear. When sound hits the eardrum, it be

31、gins to vibrate. The vibrations reach three tiny bones called ossicles4, which then begin to vibrate. From these bones, the sound reaches the cochlea, which is filled with liquid. The liquid begins to vibrate in the inner ear. It is this liquid that carries sound to a special nerve that transports m

32、essages to the brain. Your brain then helps you understand the sound you hear.Sounds are useful in helping us become aware of things around us. For example, a school bell tells us that school is starting. A fire alarm warns us of a fire. (312 words) Reflection questions on what you read1. Please give 3 more examples of how sounds help people become aware of things around.2. How many objects are there vibrating before we hear t