时间状语从句完整版教学内容.docx

1、时间状语从句完整版教学内容 引导时间状语从句的五类引导词一引导时间状语从句的从属连词(以下称引导词)很多，为方便记忆，现作以下分类：1. 基本类包括before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, once, as soon as 等。如：Did anyone call when I was out? 我不在家时谁来过电话吗?We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。Youll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到

2、好一些。Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡觉前一定要关灯。Dont promise him anything till weve had time to think about it. 在我们有时间考虑之前别答应他什么。2. 名词类即由名词词组充当引导词，包括the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等(均表示“一就”。如I loved you the instant (that) I saw you. 我一见到你就爱上你了。Tell me the mo

3、ment (that) you get the results. 你一拿到结果就给我打电话。3. 副词类即由副词充当引导词，如 immediately, directly, instantly等。如：I came immediately you called. 你一打电话我就来了。Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke. 我一进门就闻到烟味。4. 短语类主是几个涉及time短语，如every time，each time，(the) next time，any time，the last time，the first time 等。如：Next

4、time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。My roof leaks every time it rains. 每次下雨，我的房顶就漏。He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。5. 句型类包括no soonerthan, hardlywhen 等。如：I had no sooner closed the do

5、or than somebody knocked. 我刚把门关上就有人敲门。Hardly were the words uttered when he began to regret them. 话刚说出口他就开始后悔了。二时态呼应在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。如：Ill telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到达那里就打电话给你。She said she would phone me as soon as she got there. 她说她一到达那里就给我电话。

6、Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 等车停稳后才下车。I will tell you after they leave. 于他们走后我再告诉你。I waited till/until she was back. 我一直等到她回来Once time is gone, you will never get it back. 时间一旦失去就再也得不到了1. 时态呼应一般来讲，复合句都要遵循主、从句时态呼应规律，状语从句也不例外。即主句用现在时，从句也用现在时；主句用过去时，从句也用过去的某种时态。如：Be careful when you cross

7、 the road. 过马路时要小心。You must see the doctor if you are ill. 如果你生病了，你必须去看医生。主句是一般过去时，从句也要用一般过去时。如：When he was seven years old, he could swim. 当他七岁时就会游泳。She turned off the light before she left the office. 她离开办公室前就关了灯。与时间状语从句有关的时态问题关于这个问题有两点值得注意：(1) 当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态：Tu

8、rn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一来我就告诉他。(2) 与since 从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态：He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以来，他就一直住在这儿。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?【注】在特定的语言环境中有时也可能用过去完成时或一般现在时：It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几

9、年未见面了。Yesterday he told me that he hadnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。2. 主从句的位置。大多数情况下，从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。不过从句在前时，主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。如：Please tell me when he comes back. = When he comes back, please tell me.三基本类（一）. when, while, as的用法when只能用于一般时态， while可以用于进行时态while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动

10、词；表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时，只能用 when；当表示“一边一边”或“随着”时，只能用 as。另外，用于此义的 as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词，不能是状态动词。例题：_ John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.A. As B. As soon as C. While D. Till第一次描述： 三者可表示“当时候”，区别如下：(1) 若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，从句表示的是一个持续性动作，三者都可用：He fell asleep when while, as he was reading. 他看

11、书时睡着了。【注】as 用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在期间”时，其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作(action)和发展(development) 意味的动词，一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词(如 be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等)，所以下面一句中的 while 不能换为 as：A：Im going to the post office. 我要去邮局。B：While youre there, can you get me some stamps? 当你在邮局时，能帮我买几张邮票吗?(2) 若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句

12、表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while：Dont talk while youre eating. 吃饭时不要说话。I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不作声。但是，若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”之意思，通常用 as：She sang as she went along. 她边走边唱。(3) 若从句是一个短暂性动作，主句是一个持续性动作，可用 as / when 但不用 while：It was raining hard when as we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。(4) 若主从句表示的

13、是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，用 as / when：I thought of it just when as you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。(5) 若要表示两个正在发展变化的情况，相当于汉语的“随着”，一般用 as：Things are getting better and better as time goes on. 随着时间的推移，情况越来越好。As it grew darker, it became colder. 天色越晚，天气越冷。(6) 表示“每当的时候”(暗示一种规律性)，一般要用 when：Its cold when

14、 it snows. 下雪时天冷。He smiles when you praise him. 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。(7) 若主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生，而是有先后顺序时，一般要用 when：I will go home when he comes back. 他回来时，我就回家去。(8) when 可用作并列连词，表示“这时(突然)”；while 也可以用作并列连词，表示“而”、“却”(表示对比)；但 as 则没有类似用法：We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要出发，这时天开始下雨了。He likes coffee, whi

15、le she likes tea. 他喜欢咖啡，而她却喜欢茶。(9) as 和 when 后均可直接跟一个名词，构成省略句，但 while 一般不这样用：As When a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小时候在日本。(10) when 和 while后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句，但as 一般不这样用：When While reading, he fell asleep. 他看书时睡着了。When While in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦的时候你就去找她帮忙。第二次描述：as, while ,when 的用法as， w

16、hile和when均可用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，作“当时候”解。它们所引导的时间状语从句有时意思一样，这三个词可以互换使用；有时却有差异，则不能互换。 一、 as的意思是“正当时候（just as，at the same moment that）”“随着(while，when)”,它既可表示一个具体的时间点，也可以表示一段时间。as可表示主句和从句的动作同时发生或同时持续，即“点点重合”“线线重合”；又可表示一个动作发生在另一个动作的持续过程中，即“点线重合”，但不能表示两个动作一前一后发生。如果主句和从句的谓语动词都表示持续性的动作，二者均可用进行时，也可以一个用进行时，一个用一般时或

17、者都用一般时。例如： 1. As I got on the bus， he got off. 我上车，他下车。（点点重合） 2. He was writing as I was reading. 我看书时，他在写字。（线线重合） 3. The students were talking as the teacher came in. 老师进来时，学生们正在讲话。（点线重合） 二、while的意思是“在同时（at the same time that )”“在期间(for as long as, during the time that）”。从while的本身词义来看，它只能表示一段时间，不能表

18、示具体的时间点。在时间上可以是“线线重合”或“点线重合”，但不能表示“点点重合”。例如： 1. He was watching TV while she was cooking. 她做饭时，他在看电视。（线线重合） 2. He was waiting for me while I was working. 我工作的时候，他正等着我。（线线重合） 3. He asked me a question while I was speaking. 我在讲话时，他问了我一个问题。（点线重合） 三、 when的意思是“当时候（at the time that）”“无论什么时候（whenever）” “一就

19、（as soon as ）” “在以后（after）”。它表示的时间概念比较广泛，上述例句中的as或while均可用when代替，因为when不但可以表示具体的时间点，而且也可以表示一段时间。在时间上它既能表示“点点重合”“线线重合”，又能表示“点线重合”。例如： 1.When he came in， she went out.他进来，她出去。（点点重合） 此句中when从句的动作表示的是一个时间点，when可以用as代替，但不能用while代替。 2. When he came back， I was doing some washing. 他回来时，我在洗衣服。（点线重合） 此句中when

20、从句的动作表示的是一个时间点，所以只能用as代替，不能用while代替。 3. When Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside. 玛丽写信时，孩子们都在外面玩。（线线重合） 此句中的when从句的动作表示的是一段时间，故可用as 或 while代替习题：1. Henry is in charge of the office _ Mr. Smith is away.2. I saw her just _ she was getting off the train.3. Have a good look at th

21、at man _ you pass him.第三次描述when,as,while这三个词都可以引出时间状语从句，它们的差别是：when 从句表示某时刻或一段时间 as 从句表示进展过程，while 只表示一段时间When he left the house, I was sitting in the garden.当他离开家时，我正在院子里坐着。When he arrived home, it was just nine oclock.当他到家时，正是九点钟。As he grew older, he became more intelligent.随着他年龄的增长，他变得更有才智了。While

22、 he was in London,he studied music.当他在伦敦时，他学习音乐。While she was typing the letter,the telephone rang.当她在用打字机打那封信时，电话响了。when意为在时刻或时期，它可兼指时间点与时间段，所引导的从句的动词既可以是终止性动词，也可是持续性动词。如： When I got home, he was having supper.我到家时，他正在吃饭。 When I was young, I liked dancing.我年轻时喜欢跳舞。 while只指时间段，不指时间点，从句的动词只限于持续性动词。如：

23、 While I slept, a thief broke in.在我睡觉时,盗贼闯了进来。 辨析 when从句与主句动作先后发生时，不能与while互换。如： When he has finished his work, he takes a short rest.每当他做完工作后，总要稍稍休息一下。(when = after) When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。(when=before) when从句动词为终止性动词时，不能由while替换。如： When he came yesterd

24、ay, we were playing basketball.昨天他来时，我们正在打篮球。 当从句的谓语是表动作的延续性动词时，when, while才有可能互相替代。如： While / When we were still laughing, the teacher came in.正当我们仍在大声嬉笑时，老师进来了。 当从句的谓语动词是终止性动词，而且主句的谓语动词也是终止性动词时,when可和as通用，而且用as比用when在时间上更为紧凑，有正当这时的含义。如： He came just as (or when) I reached the door.我刚到门那儿，他就来了。 从句的

25、谓语动词如表示状态时，通常用while。如： We must strike while the iron is hot.我们应该趁热打铁。 while和when都可以用作并列连词。 Mike is tall while his brother is short.迈克的个子很高，然而他弟弟很矮。 Mary was on her way home when two big boys stopped her.玛丽正走在回家的路上，这时两个大个子男孩拦住她。例题：“Im going to the post office.” “_ youre there, can you get me some sta

26、mps?”A. As B. While C. Because D. If 第四次描述 ： while与when以及as之间的区别。1. 当从句中的谓语动词是持续性的动作时,我们可以用while, when或as。While / When / As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank. 我顺着马路往前走时,发现银行门前停着一辆警车。2. 当从句中的谓语动词表示瞬间动作时,不可用while。He was on the point of leaving when someone knoc

27、ked at the door. 他正要走,这时有人敲门。3. 如果谈论两个长动作,最常用的是while。While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home. 约翰坐在那里咬指甲时,我想出了一个回家的办法。不过, as是可以用来说明两种正在发展或变化的情况的,这时as引导一个持续性的动作,主句中的动作与之同时进行。As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候,他越来越兴奋。4. 如果表示两个短动作或事件同时发生,最常

28、用的是as或just as,也可用when。Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound. 当他抓住球的时候,有一种撕裂的声音。I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候,我也想到了。as引导时间状语从句的谓语特点as 引导时间状语从句表示“当的时候”“在期间”时，该从句的谓语通常是那些表示动作意义的动词，而不能是be(是、在), have(有)，like(喜欢)，belong(属于)等表示状态或静态意义的动词。我打算去邮局。当你在邮局的时候，请帮我买几张邮票

29、好吗?误：Im going to the post office.As you are there, can you get me some stamps?正：Im going to the post office.While you are there, can you get me some stamps?正因为 as 引导时间状语从句表示“当的时候”“在期间”时，从句的谓语不能是表示状态或静态意义的动词，所以当下面第一句变为第二句这样的状语从句时，不能再用 as，而应用 when：As a student he had known great poverty.When he was a

30、student he had known great poverty. 他当学生时，经历过很贫困的生活。但是，当 as 引导原因状语从句时，其谓语动词可以是状态或静态动词。如：As there was very little support, the strike was not successful. 由于支持的很少，罢工未获成功。As I was anxious to please him, I bought him a nice present. 因为我急于讨好他，我给他买了一件精美礼品。As there isnt anything more to do, I may as well g

31、o home early 既然这里没有别的事要做，我还不如早点回家。while的用法可从下述几点理解与运用。一、while意为“当时候”,指一段时间,不能用来表示一个时间点。While the discussion was still going on, George came in. 当讨论还在进行时,乔治走了进来。二、while意为“而;然而”,表示转折。Therere plenty of rain in the southeast, while theres little in the northeast. 东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。三、while意为“虽然;尽管”,表示让步。While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. 尽管我承认他的优点,但我还是能看到他的缺点。四、while意为“只要”,